Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
  • B30B9/3003—Details
  • B30B9/3032—Press boxes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
  • B30B15/04—Frames; Guides
  • B30B15/041—Guides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
  • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
  • B30B9/3085—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor using a stationary press ram co-operating with a movable press box

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of recycling of flexible or semi-rigid materials, in particular films or sheets of plastics packaging, cardboard panels, paint sludge, chips, sawdust. It relates more particularly to a compaction unit comprising a press and a container, which can be moved by a pallet truck.
• the optimal sorting is that which allows to group in the same container exclusively materials that can be recycled at the same time in the production circuit, without any other intervention.
• waste or residues located on an industrial site for example production machine wastes, in particular chips, sawdust, waste corresponding to the packaging of raw material, in particular sheet, plastic or panel. of cardboard.
• manufacturers have planned skips for the collection of this waste, dumpsters that are usually located in the yard of the plant. Each type of waste is transported from its place of emission to the corresponding bin. Once the bucket is filled, it is transported to a compaction site, and the compacted waste is sold as raw material at a lower cost to the production sites to which it is transported.
• skips are made available in factory yards by specialized companies that take care of the recovery, treatment and disposal of waste. This way of operating is a real simplification for the companies that generate waste, but it requires the implementation of a logistics dedicated to the recovery and the transfer of waste from the emission site to the intermediate storage containers. .
• the optimal solution would be to be able to collect and compact the waste directly at their emission site.
• WO 97/26120 has already proposed an installation, mounted on wheels, intended to collect, in public areas such as restaurants, parks or buildings, locally generated waste and compact them to optimize volume.
• the container it contains.
• This installation is like a box, mounted on wheels, with a side hatch through which are introduced the waste and arranged so that said waste falls directly into the container placed in the lower part of the box.
• a press system with double trigger equipped with a compaction tray sized to descend vertically into the container and thus compact the waste therein.
• the container is a box having upper cutouts acting as handles for its placement inside the box and its evacuation, through a door provided under the side hatch introduction of waste.
• the present invention relates to a compaction assembly which is perfectly adapted to solve the aforementioned problem.
• the container is pallet box type.
• the compacting press comprises: a) a frame, comprising a base, at least two vertical columns fixed on the base and a beam mounted transversely between the columns, b) a compacting plate, the vertical displacement between a high position allowing the introduction of the container by a pallet truck, in the location delimited between the two vertical columns and a low position for compacting the materials contained in the container, is provided by a pressure cylinder which is fixed vertically on the beam and operable by a control facility.
• the base comprises at least one opening passage for the front wheels of the pallet truck, so that, the compacting plate being in the low position, the front wheels of the pallet truck being resting on the ground after passing through the opening passage and the forks of the pallet truck being raised, the press and the container can be moved by the pallet truck.
• the introduction and the evacuation of the container of the compaction press is done using a pallet truck, which allows on the one hand a fatigue-free handling by an operator unique and on the other hand to implement a much more resistant container to accommodate a much larger amount of waste.
• a pallet truck that allows the movement by a single operator of the compaction press and its container, effortlessly and very easily, to another site of emission of waste.
• beam is not restrictive. It must be understood as any structural element, which extends between the two columns or the two sets of columns delimiting the location of the pallet box, and which has sufficient mechanical strength to support the weight of the pressure cylinder and to withstand the stresses generated by the pressure exerted by the compaction plate on the materials contained in the pallet box.
• the base is a metal plate and the passage opening or openings for the front wheels of the forklift are formed by cutting into said plate.
• the vertical columns are secured to one another via the base, which gives the entire frame a good rigidity, especially when the beam, mounted transversely between the columns, n is not fixed rigidly to it as will be explained below.
• the beam may be a simple metal plate, relatively thick, for example of the order of 12 mm, resting on the vertices of all columns. In this case, the stresses generated by pressurizing the compacting plate are distributed over a larger area, which avoids the possible risks of deformation of the beam, which would be due to a heterogeneous filling of the pallet box.
• the pallet box must not only support the load corresponding to the weight of the waste it contains, in the compacted state, but also the load corresponding to the pressure exerted during the compaction, pressure which can be of the order of 7 to 10 tons, for a box pallet whose internal dimensions are of the order of 110 cm in length, 81 cm in width and 100 cm in height.
• the pallet box comprises only two lateral carrying flanges, having a given height H
• the base of the press is provided with a boss having a height H 'acting as a median flange during compaction, H 'being equal to or less than H of at least 5 mm, preferably of the order of one cm.
• the two lateral insoles are sufficient for the load corresponding to the weight of the materials contained in the box in the compacted state.
• the midsole is necessary to support the load corresponding to the compacting pressure.
• the fact that the middle sole is a fixed sole integrated in the base makes it possible to save one sole for all crates pallets required for storage and transport of compacted materials.
• the side walls of the pallet box are four grid-shaped panels, each panel being formed by the assembly, in particular by welding, of metal tubes of polygonal section, preferably of square section, namely first tubes forming the uprights and second tubes forming the cross members of the panel.
• each panel consists of: a frame comprising two lateral uprights and two upper and lower crosspieces and, a plurality of uprights and intermediate cross members, defining with the frame square or rectangular free spaces.
• the size of the free spaces is determined, according to the type of material to be compacted, especially polyethylene film, so as to allow the passage of said materials during their compaction over a distance of a few centimeters.
• the panels of the pallet box of the present invention are formed, as the frame, of metal tubes so as to obtain sufficient resistance to the thrust of fluent materials during compaction.
• a certain passage of said materials through the free spaces of the side panels is sought because it was noticed that, thanks to this passage, one could obtain a good stability in height compacted materials, even after opening the body pallet, that is to say, clearance of the side panels.
• Advantageously at least the intermediate crosspieces of the side panels are disposed towards the inside of the box, when the latter is in the closed position, relative to the amounts which are, in turn, arranged towards the outside of the box when the latter it is in closed position. It has indeed been noticed that such an arrangement makes it possible to optimize the fastening of the materials on the side panels during creep, in particular of plastic materials, and consequently the volume stability of the compacted materials.
• the distance between the crosspieces is not constant over the entire height of the same panel, this distance being in the median zone of the panel lower than that which exists at least in the lower zone of the panel, that is, ie the area near the bottom of the crate.
• This particular arrangement makes it possible to increase the mechanical strength of the body at the level of the central zone, which zone is subjected to the maximum stresses during the last compaction.
• the pallet box has its side panels which are completely removable by simple manual operations.
• each lower cross member of a given side panel is equipped with at least two angled lugs protruding from the face intended to be applied against the bottom plate of the pallet box.
• said bottom plate has towards its peripheral edge holes intended to come in correspondence with said lugs and, in withdrawal of said holes, four shoulders capable of forming vertical positioning stops of the four side panels, after introduction of the lugs. bent in the corresponding holes and tilting panels to said shoulders.
• the lateral uprights of the frames have their upper parts which are hollow and open upwards.
• the two uprights of two adjacent panels are, when the body is closed, adjoining two of their edges.
• there are four bent blocking pieces each piece being able to join the two said adjacent lateral uprights, coming to fit into the hollow upper part of said amounts.
• At least one link for example a chain, connects a given piece of blocking to two adjacent panels, the length of the link being determined so that, when removing two adjacent blocking pieces, of which the part comprising the link, the pivoting of the panel located between the two said pieces is limited by the presence of the link.
• This avoids, when opening the box, there is a projection of the panel to the ground due to the release of stresses exerted by the compacted material on the panel.
• the attachment of the link on at least one of the panels is removable, so as to allow, in a second step, to completely rotate the panel.
• the compacting press comprises a pressure cylinder which is fixed vertically on the beam mounted transversely between the columns, said cylinder being actuable by a control installation.
• a pressure cylinder which is fixed vertically on the beam mounted transversely between the columns, said cylinder being actuable by a control installation.
• it is a telescopic cylinder and a hydraulic control system, with a hydraulic unit, a pressure gauge, an oil distributor, a safety valve, a pressure relay, ... All these members are preferably mounted directly on the transverse beam.
• the transverse beam is mounted on the columns vertically movable between a high compaction position and a low transport position in which the overall height of the press corresponds to that of the columns.
• all of the members located above the beam is retracted during the displacement of the compaction unit using a pallet truck. This makes it possible to reduce the height of the compaction assembly during its displacement and also to avoid possible shocks or damage to the members mounted on the transverse beam.
• the frame comprises two sets of two lateral columns, of square or rectangular section, and the beam is configured so that each of its ends can slide substantially adjusted and guided between the two columns of a same side game.
• each side set of columns is equipped with a high stop and a low stop, able to limit the displacement of the beam at respectively the high compaction position for the high stop and the low transport position. for the low stop.
• a difficulty can arise in use when the filling of the pallet box is not sufficiently homogeneous.
• the compacting plate on which the pressure generated by the pressure cylinder is exerted has a tendency to follow the filling irregularities, which can cause over time a certain deformation or twisting of the pressure cylinder, in particular when the same filling fault is repeated.
• the compacting assembly comprises at least one guide column which is fixed on the top of the compacting plate and which has a direction maintained vertical, that is to say parallel to the direction of movement of said plate.
• this guide column is a telescopic column whose second end is fixed sou the beam.
• the clearance that necessarily exists between the sections of the telescopic column can be a source of deformation, so that it is preferable that the guide column is not telescopic.
• the non-telescopic guide column passes through a through-hole formed in the beam, serving alone or with means complementary to guiding said column.
• the complementary means may consist of a guide tube, fixed above the beam, to the right of the through hole, and whose inner diameter is such that it allows a controlled sliding of the guide column during the displacement of the compacting plate.
• the compacting assembly comprises two guide columns arranged in material symmetrical with respect to the pressure cylinder and substantially diagonally with respect to the compacting plate.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the compaction assembly, with a pallet box introduced into the compaction press, according to a first embodiment, - the FIG. 2 is a schematic view from above of the compaction assembly, without a pallet box, of FIG.
• FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic front view of the compaction assembly of FIG. 1, the beam being in a low transport position
• FIG. 4 is a schematic partial perspective view. of the pallet box, with firstly the pallet constituting the bottom of the box and secondly a side panel, before its assembly on the pallet
• Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of two side panels for the purpose of 6 is a schematic view from above of the compaction assembly, without a pallet box, according to a second exemplary embodiment
• FIG. 7 is a partial schematic view. in longitudinal section of a guide column of the example of FIG. 6
• the compaction assembly of the present invention is a moving assembly that can be easily moved by a single operator using a pallet truck, whether electric or manual.
• This compaction set has the primary objective of being able to be placed at the source of the emission of the waste to be recovered and recycled, which makes it possible to collect waste of the same category which will therefore be able to be recycled, after compaction, without that it is necessary to proceed to a particular sorting. This is not however exclusive of the use that can be made of the mobile compaction assembly of the present invention.
• this set 1 comprises a compaction press 2 and a container having the structure of a pallet box 3, that is to say a box which is intended to be it. - even moved with a pallet truck.
• This is also the same pallet truck that serves not only for the introduction and evacuation of the pallet box of the compaction press, but also the displacement of the compaction assembly 1 formed by the press 2 and the pallet box 3.
• the compacting press comprises a frame 4 which consists of a base, at least two vertical columns and a transverse beam.
• the beam 7 is mounted vertically movable relative to the columns 6a, 6b between a high compacting position, which is that illustrated in Figure 1 and a low transport position, illustrated in Figure 3.
• a high stop 8 and u no bottom stop 9 the said two stops being constituted by a plate which extends between each of the two columns 6a, 6b of the two side games.
• the compacting press 1 also comprises a compacting plate 12 whose configuration overall rectangular corresponds to that, in top view, the pallet box 3, to a few centimeters, so that the compaction plate 12 can move vertically over the entire inner height of the pallet box 3.
• This vertical displacement of the plate 12 is provided by a pressure cylinder 13 which is fixed vertically on the transverse beam 7 and which is operable in height by a control installation 14.
• the cylinder 13 may be a telescopic cylinder with double expansion.
• the control installation 14 is of a known type, for example of the hydraulic type. It is shown in Figure 1 only the hydraulic unit 15 with its distributor which are fixed on the upper face of the beam 7, so as to show the complementary height space provided by this installation 14, justifying the movable nature of the beam 7 for its transport.
• the control installation 14 obviously includes a control panel, for example fixed on a column, within the reach of the operator, and an electrical connection which in this case ends with a simple plug that can be easily disconnected when transporting the compaction unit 1.
• the base 5 is for example a metal plate making the order of 20 mm thick over its entire surface except for the input area 5a in which the thickness is decreased towards the entry edge 5b to facilitate the passage of the front wheels of the pallet truck when placing the pallet box 3 in the space 10.
• the base 5 also has opposite the entry zone 5a two open side cutouts 11 through which the ground on which the base is in support is directly accessible. These two cutouts 11 are intended to accommodate the front wheels of the pallet truck when it is introduced into the interior space 10 in order to set up the pallet box 3 loaded with materials to be compacted and the evacuation thereof after compaction and are also provided for the displacement of the compaction unit 1. These cutouts 11 thus ensure the proper positioning of the pallet box 3 under the compaction plate 12, serving as some kind of front stops for the forklift . Side guides, not shown, of the pallet truck can be provided to ensure the lateral positioning of the pallet box 3.
• the pallet box 3 consists of a solid bottom 17 whose upper face is surmounted by four side panels 18 acting as a body and whose underside is equipped with two lateral insoles 19, which delimit between them the space 16 for the passage of the active part, including the forks and the front wheels of the pallet truck.
• the pallet box 3 comprises two soles 19 formed of three pads 20 connected by a base 21 ( Figure 4).
• the pallet box 3 comprises four lugs 17a intended to ensure the positioning of the pallet boxes 3 during their stacking, said lugs 17a penetrating into the hollow tubes forming the uprights of the side panels 18.
• the displacement of the compaction unit 1 using a pallet truck is obtained in the following manner.
• the pallet truck is introduced under the pallet box 3 until its front wheels fall into the cutouts 11 and rest on the ground 21.
• the rear wheels of the pallet truck are also resting on the ground 21, below the front edge 5b of the base 5.
• the compaction plate 12 is in pressure on the material 22 inside the pallet box 3.
• the control unit 14 is at a standstill, with the non-return valve which prevents any displacement of the cylinder 13 and with the plug of the electrical circuit which is disconnected.
• the pallet truck is actuated, manually or electrically according to its operation, so that the forks come to bear on the lower face of the bottom 17 and lift, which has the effect of lifting the pallet box 3 and the compacted material 22 it contains but also the compaction press 2. This lifting is not prevented by the cutouts 11 in the base 5.
• the compaction unit 1 is thus raised from the ground, the displacement of the compaction unit 1 can be obtained by simple handling of the pallet truck as is done for any load.
• the compaction unit 1 is then ready to operate at this new location, for example near a line producing waste that constitutes the recyclable materials to be compacted.
• waste consisting of a plurality of different recyclable materials
• several pallet boxes are placed near the site of emission of said waste at the disposal of the operators, the pallet boxes assigned to a type of waste being identified by a numbering, or a color or other distinctive sign.
• the operator moves it, using the pallet truck, to the press 2 to perform the compaction.
• the compaction press is provided with protection panels preventing access to the interior space 10 during the movement of the compaction plate 12, some of which are access doors, provided with contactor cutting the power supply of the motor group 15 of the press 2 in the event of opening a door.
• the control installation 14 comprises all the possibilities of adjusting the pressure exerted by the compacting plate 12 and the speed of displacement of said plate as a function of the type of material to be compacted.
• the compacting plate 12 is advantageously equipped with heating means for combining a heat treatment with the pressure exerted during compaction. This is particularly useful when it comes to plastic materials. This combination of treatment makes it possible, thanks to a certain softening of the plastic material, to obtain a greater reduction in volume for the same pressure exerted.
• the compacting plate may also be equipped with points projecting from its underside. This equipment is more particularly intended for compacting plastic bottles, some of which can be closed by a plug. This avoids the pressure jolts necessary to "explode” the bottle.
• the operator pulls the pallet box out of the press and, depending on the position remaining in the pallet box, or it returns to the collection area to be filled again and then again subject to compaction or he evacuated to a waiting area. It is understood that it is desirable that the pallet box 3 is completely filled with compacted material 22 before being definitively transported to a recycling station.
• FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 The pallet box 3 visible in FIGS. 1, 4 and 5 is particularly suitable for compaction according to the present invention.
• This pallet box has a bottom 17 which has been said above that the underside is provided with two 19 lateral bearing insoles.
• This bottom 17 comprises, near its peripheral edge, on the one hand holes 23 and on the other hand, behind the holes 23 four shoulders 24, parallel to the four side edges of the bottom 17, intended to serve as stops for each four side panels 18 acting as side walls of the body.
• FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a lateral panel 25, which has a grid structure, being formed by the assembly of metal tubes of polygonal section, in this case of square or rectangular section, namely first tubes forming the uprights 26 and second tubes forming the crosspieces 27 of the panel 25.
• each panel 25 consists of a frame comprising two lateral uprights 26a and 26b and two upper rails 27a and lower 27b.
• a plurality of intermediate uprights 26c and intermediate cross members 27c define, with the frame, 28 square or rectangular spaces.
• the size of the free spaces 28 is determined, according to the type of material to be compacted, so as to allow the passage of said materials during their compaction over a distance of a few centimeters. In this way, anchoring zones of the compacted materials 22 are obtained in the lateral panels 25, which makes it possible to have a locking in height of the compacted mat when the compacting plate is raised.
• intermediate cross members 27c are disposed of such that they are turned towards the inside of the pallet box 3 when it is in the closed position, while the intermediate posts 26c are turned outwards.
• FIG. 5 shows a lateral upright 26a of square section, for example 40 ⁇ 40 mm, an upper cross member 27a of rectangular section, for example 40 ⁇ 20 mm, an intermediate upright 26c of section. square, for example 20 x 20 mm and an intermediate cross 27c of square section, for example 20 x 20 mm.
• the assembly of all these metal tubes is done by welding.
• the arrangement of the intermediate cross bars 27c turned towards the inside of the pallet box makes it possible, to experience, a better attachment of the compressed materials.
• the That the lugs 29 are bent allows to obtain a hinge effect, by engaging the free end of the lugs 29 in the holes 23 and then by pivoting the panel 25 until it abuts against the corresponding shoulder 24, the face the outer crossbar 27b is applied to the peripheral edge of the bottom 17.
• the blocking in position of the side panels 25 is obtained by implementing four locking pieces 30 as shown in Figure 5. Each piece 30 is adapted to to secure the two lateral uprights 26a, 26b of the two adjacent panels, coming to fit into the hollow upper portion 31 of said two uprights 26a, 26b.
• the locking piece 30 comprises a bent plate 32 towards the ends of which are reported, perpendicularly, two tube sections 33 whose dimensions are adapted to fit substantially in the hollow upper portion 31 of the uprights 26a, 26b, while these are adjacent by their edges 34, 35.
• the locking piece 30 preferably comprises two bent pieces 36, disposed on either side of the two tube sections 33 in such a way that when the said piece 32 is put in place, the opposite edges 36a of the said bent pieces 36 come substantially bearing on the outer faces of the two uprights 26a, 26b on either side of the edges 34, 35, which improves the locking in position of the side panels 25.
• a chain 37 is fixed to the locking piece 30, and to each of the two adjacent side panels 25 that blocks said part 30 in position.
• the fixing to the panels is done by means of to hooks 38, 39 mounted on the first intermediate cross members 27c.
• the length of the part of the chain 37 extending between the two hooks 38, 39 is determined so that during removal of the two parts 30 blocking a given side panel 25, for example the left panel on the 5, there is no projection of said panel 25 to the ground due to the release of pressure stresses exerted by the compressed material 22 on said panel but that there is intermediate locking of the panel 25 in a given angular position, with this chain portion 37.
• the operator can then completely clear and remove the panel 25 by unhooking the chain 37 of the open hook 38
• the hook 39 can be closed on itself so that the locking piece 30 remains constantly secured to a side panel 25, the right one in this case with respect to FIG.
• the displacement of the compaction unit 1 on the pallet truck can be hampered by passages of reduced height. This is why it can be provided that the beam 7 is movable in height between the columns 6a, 6b between a high compaction position and a low transport position, in which position the overall height, in height, of the press 2 corresponds to that of the columns 6a, 6b, the control installation 14 being then completely retracted into
• the displacement of the beam 7 is limited by the two upper stops 8 (FIG. 1) in the form of two plates each extending between one of the two sets of two columns 6a, 6b at the upper level thereof. .
• the displacement in the low position of the beam is limited by the two stops
• 2 o bass 9 being in the form of two plates each extending between one of the two sets of lateral beams 6a, 6b at the level corresponding to that allowing the complete retraction of the control system members 14 mounted to above the beam 7.
• the compaction press 2 comprises a medial boss 40 which extends longitudinally on the base 5.
• This boss 40 is intended to act as a third carrying sole during compaction, which allows for a bottom 17 given to withstand greater compaction pressures.
• the boss 40 has a height H 'which is less than the height H of the side bearing plates 19 of the pallet box 3.
• H ' which is less than the height H of the side bearing plates 19 of the pallet box 3.
• the second embodiment which is illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 has, compared to the first example, two main differences, one concerning the number of columns and the transverse beam and the other concerning the presence of guide columns.
• the frame 41 of the set of compaction 40 of this second example comprises eight columns 42, divided into two side sets of four columns 42a and 42b, delimiting between them the space for the pallet box. These eight columns laterally border the entire base 5.
• the transverse beam 43 is a metal plate, having a thickness of about 12 mm, which has substantially the same surface as the base 5 and which rests on the vertices of the eight columns 42a, 42b, being attached thereto.
• the compacting plate 12 and the pressure cylinder 13 are equivalent to those of the first example, except that the compacting plate 12 is equipped with two guide columns 44, 45. More specifically, each guide column 44, 45 is mounted vertically on the upper face of the compaction plate, parallel to the pressure cylinder 13.
• the transverse beam 43 is pierced with three through holes, one to allow the passage of the pressure cylinder 13 as in the first example and the other two 46 to allow the passage of the two guide columns 44, 45.
• a guide tube 47 On the upper face 43a of the beam 43 is fixed a guide tube 47. This attachment is made via a shoulder ring 48 and conventional fixing means 49.
• the inner diameter of the guide tube 47 is determined so as to allow an adjusted sliding of the guide column 44.
• the two guide columns 44, 45 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the pressure cylinder 13 and substantially along a diagonal of the compacting plate 12.
• one leg is provided. reinforcement 50 between the guide tube 47 and the annular shoulder 48, said leg 50 being disposed in the plane of symmetry of the three through holes is turned towards the outside of the compacting plate 12.
• the increase of the beam surface and the increase in the number of columns allows a better distribution of the stresses caused by the pressurization of the cylinder 13, while allowing the beam is in the form of a relatively thin metal plate.
• the guide columns 45, 46, applied to the inner face of the guide tubes 47 provide a distribution of the stresses that the pressure cylinder 13 must bear when the compacting plate 12 is applied to distributed materials of uneven way inside the pallet box. This particular arrangement avoids the risk of twisting the compacting plate 12.
• the columns, the base, the beam, and any protective panels including the doors are distinct elements, able to be assembled by conventional temporary means.

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• 2006
  • 2006-12-20 FR FR0655702A patent/FR2910371A1/fr active Pending
• 2007
  • 2007-12-19 WO PCT/FR2007/052566 patent/WO2008087328A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2007-12-19 EP EP07871979A patent/EP2121296A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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