EP2137316A1 - Procédé de fermentation de matière première renouvelable ensilée - Google Patents

Procédé de fermentation de matière première renouvelable ensilée

Info

Publication number
EP2137316A1
EP2137316A1 EP08718131A EP08718131A EP2137316A1 EP 2137316 A1 EP2137316 A1 EP 2137316A1 EP 08718131 A EP08718131 A EP 08718131A EP 08718131 A EP08718131 A EP 08718131A EP 2137316 A1 EP2137316 A1 EP 2137316A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
raw materials
ensiled
washing
water
washed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08718131A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Björn SCHWARZ
Burghardt Fassauer
Hannelore Friedrich
Eberhard Friedrich
Alexander Michaelis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2137316A1 publication Critical patent/EP2137316A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/023—Methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M1/00—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology
    • C12M1/107—Apparatus for enzymology or microbiology with means for collecting fermentation gases, e.g. methane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/03—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by control of the humidity or content of liquids; Drying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/582—Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of biochemistry and energy production and relates to a process for the fermentation of ensiled renewable raw materials, which have subsequently used in a biogas generating plant improved properties. Use is possible both in the mono-fermentation of renewable raw materials and in co-digestion with manure (for example liquid manure) in agricultural biogas plants or in co-digestion with sewage sludge on municipal sewage treatment plants.
  • manure for example liquid manure
  • the conversion of biomass into energetically usable biogas by exploiting the biochemical performance of an anaerobic mixed population of microorganisms is practiced on an industrial scale both in agricultural biogas plants and in digester towers of municipal sewage treatment plants.
  • the process technology used includes a very wide range of combinations and number and circuit of fermenters, process temperature (mesophilic, thermophilic), substrate treatment, charging regime, mixing, duration of stay and space load.
  • process temperature meophilic, thermophilic
  • the particle size of the ensiled raw materials in the centimeter range and is therefore relatively coarse.
  • About 60-80% of the dry matter has a particle size of more than 1 mm.
  • the ratio of circumference / area as a measure of the specific surface of this coarse fraction is on average 1 - 2 mm / mm 2 .
  • This specific surface area per amount of substrate on which hydrolytic microorganisms and enzymes can attack for a material conversion is comparatively small.
  • Both the particle size and the chemical structure result in the use of conventional fermentation technologies to unsatisfactory and sometimes uneconomical degradation.
  • the residence times of the substrates in anaerobic fermenters are 50 to 150 days according to the prior art very long and the achieved degree of degradation at the same time insufficient, which has a negative effect on the efficiency of the systems.
  • the various feed substrates are either mixed (pre-mixed) in a pre-pit or added separately to the fermenter.
  • Targeted biological prehydrolysis or comminution is rarely practiced.
  • the hydrolysis is known to be the rate limiting step in the anaerobic degradation chain. For this reason, their implementation in the actual fermenter together with all other degradation steps is to be considered critical.
  • the object of the solution according to the invention is to specify a method for the fermentation of ensiled renewable raw materials, by which the overall times for the production of biogas reduced, the methane yields increased and a smaller range of variation of the quality of the biogas produced is achieved.
  • ensiled, renewable raw materials are washed and comminuted, subsequently the washed and comminuted ensiled renewable raw materials, in which at least part of the scrubbing water has been removed, subjected to a separate hydrolysis, and then the hydrolysis products are subjected to the known process Biogas production in fermenters subject.
  • the ensiled renewable raw materials are mixed or sprayed with the wash water.
  • water-soluble substances which exert no detrimental effect on the subsequent anerobic degradation steps in the process for producing biogas in fermenters are used as wash water, waste water, process water, drinking water or process water from drainage systems being used particularly advantageously as wash water.
  • washing of the ensiled renewable raw materials is carried out with targeted mixing of the raw materials. It is also advantageous if the washing of the ensiled renewable raw materials is carried out at temperatures in the range of 1 0 C to 60 0 C.
  • washing water is removed from the washed silage by pressing, filtering or separating in the gravitational or centrifugal force field.
  • the ensiled and at least partially dewatered renewable raw materials are mechanically comminuted.
  • the method according to the invention it is possible to accelerate the overall process for the production of biogas from ensiled renewable raw materials and to achieve the desired shortening of the process times in total. At the same time, the amount of methane produced per amount of substrate used is increased and the quality of the properties of the biogas produced is improved.
  • the prerequisite for the operation of a biological hydrolysis stage for the acidification of ensiled substrates without the compulsory use of a larger quantity of manure is created.
  • the residence time necessary in the subsequent fermentation stage is shortened, whereby the container sizes and thus the necessary investment costs are reduced.
  • the gas quality is improved in terms of methane and hydrogen sulfide content.
  • the ensiled re-growing raw materials are washed, advantageously, this is done by mixing or spraying the used silage with washing water, the washing water in an amount between 20% by mass and 500% by mass based on the silage mass to be washed (wet mass - original silage) is used.
  • a washing medium it is possible to use low-viscosity (0-5% dry matter content) substances which are available and which have no exert any harmful effect on a subsequent anaerobic degradation step for the production of biogas.
  • this wastewater, process water, drinking water or filtrates are used by dewatering stages.
  • the contact time between wash water and silage is advantageously 1 s to 10 h. It is also advantageous to carry out an active mixing during the contact time by a mechanical movement of the silage with the washing water.
  • wash water from the silage.
  • at least 50% of the wash water should be removed.
  • a large part can be withdrawn with the help of gravity or centrifugal force or by pressing.
  • support for this process through the use of mechanical aggregates is preferable (e.g., screw separator). This advantageously also a very high amount of press water of 100 - 200% compared to the amount of wash water originally used achievable.
  • the washing step according to the invention two products are obtained.
  • a remote washing water which is as free as possible of coarse particles and heavily loaded with organic acids and other dissolved, easily degradable substrates and can be advantageously supplied to the fermenters as quickly usable substrate.
  • a particular advantage is the very easy handling, which allows a uniform dosage.
  • a dosage in feed pauses for the advantageous equalization of the feed load is possible.
  • the addition of the separated wash water is particularly advantageous in the second or further fermenters. The latter leads to a relief of the already usually highly loaded first fermenter and to a better utilization of existing capacity.
  • the washed and at least partially dehydrated silage which is very similar to unwashed silage in terms of its properties (dry residue, handling), is obtained.
  • the main difference is the now 20% to 80% reduced cargo of dissolved substances, such as the organic acids.
  • the mechanical comminution of the ensiled raw materials can according to the invention be carried out both before (crude silage) and after the washing (pressed material).
  • Another great advantage is provided by the third possibility of incorporating a comminution, in which the silage is simultaneously mechanically comminuted during the washing process, for example during the pressing off of the washing water. The latter reduces the mechanical complexity, since only one unit for washing and crushing is needed.
  • the mechanical comminution of the (washed) silage is advantageously carried out in cutting mills, extruders or impact mills, wherein a cutting, squeezing, rubbing and defibering of the coarse components takes place.
  • the stress duration is between 1 s and 10 min. After treatment, the proportion of particles> 1 mm is only 20%. In addition, a ratio of circumference / area of the particles of about 6 - 10 mm / mm 2 is achieved for this coarse fraction.
  • a mechanical comminution of the material brings with it further advantages.
  • the return of digestate or dehydrated digestate (liquid part) in the hydrolysis stage is particularly advantageous in the absence of a manure.
  • the solids of the silage used are at a residence time of 6 h to 5 days (depending on the stirring intensity and process temperature) in the hydrolysis step to part in solution. The released substances are readily available in the subsequent fermentation step and lead to accelerated gas formation.
  • a residence time of 20 to 30 days is set in the first fermentation fermenter by the process according to the invention.
  • 10 to 20 days are sufficient, as it receives the effluent from the main fermenter with lower gas potential on the one hand and the press water from the washing stage with very fast turnaround times as input on the other hand. This advantageously reduces the overall residence time in the fermenters.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic of the overall process for biogas production with the Zer crampungs- and hydrolysis process step.
  • the entire biogas production process requires a time of 37 days compared to 60 days according to the prior art process. Furthermore, the washing of the silage results in a standardization of the composition, so that the hydrolyzed silage fed to the known biogas production process has a more uniform composition, as a result of which the biogas produced likewise has an improved gas quality.
  • This press water is fed completely to the secondary fermenter of the two-stage in-line device.
  • the washed and partially dehydrated silage is continuously reduced by means of a planetary roller extruder, wherein the coarse> 1 mm from a mass fraction of 80% reduced to 20% or 75% of these coarse materials are comminuted to less than 1 mm.
  • the residence time in the aggregate is about 15 s, with the ratio of circumference to area of the particles increasing from 1.5 to 9 mm / mm 2 .
  • the washed, pressed and crushed silage is fed to a hydrolysis reactor, the 0 Ma. -% manure, 10 Ma. -% activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant and 65 Ma. -% of fermentation residues from the own biogas production process are supplied.
  • the materials remain in the hydrolysis reactor for 2 days and are then fed to the first fermentation stage in the first fermenter, in which the hydraulic residence time is 25 days. Subsequently, the products are fed into the secondary fermenter and remain there for an average of 10 days.
  • the entire biogas production process requires a time of 37 days compared to 60 days according to the prior art process. Furthermore, the washing and mechanical comminution of the silage unifies the composition, so that the hydrolysed silage fed to the known biogas production process has a more uniform composition, as a result of which the biogas produced likewise has an improved gas quality.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la biochimie et de la production d'énergie, et plus particulièrement, un procédé de fermentation de matière première renouvelable ensilée, qui est ensuite introduite dans une installation de production de biogaz et qui présente des propriétés améliorées par le traitement selon l'invention. Une mise en oevre est possible non seulement lors de la monofermentation de matière première renouvelable, mais également lors de la co-fermentation avec des fumiers (par exemple, lisier) dans des installations agricoles de biogaz ou lors de la co-fermentation avec des boues de curage dans des stations communales d'épuration. L'objet de la solution selon l'invention consiste en un procédé permettant de réduire la durée globale de préparation du biogaz et d'atteindre une plus faible plage d'oscillations de la qualité du biogaz produit. A cette fin, un procédé consiste à tout d'abord laver et broyer mécaniquement de la matière première renouvelable ensilée, puis soumettre à une hydrolyse séparée la matière première renouvelable ensilée, lavée et broyée, dont au moins une partie de l'eau de lavage a été éliminée, et enfin à soumettre le produit d'hydrolyse à un procédé connu de production de biogaz dans des fermenteurs.
EP08718131A 2007-03-27 2008-03-20 Procédé de fermentation de matière première renouvelable ensilée Withdrawn EP2137316A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007017358 2007-03-27
DE102007000834.3A DE102007000834B4 (de) 2007-03-27 2007-10-08 Verfahren zur Vergärung silierter nachwachsender Rohstoffe
PCT/EP2008/053425 WO2008116842A1 (fr) 2007-03-27 2008-03-20 Procédé de fermentation de matière première renouvelable ensilée

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2137316A1 true EP2137316A1 (fr) 2009-12-30

Family

ID=39719269

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08718131A Withdrawn EP2137316A1 (fr) 2007-03-27 2008-03-20 Procédé de fermentation de matière première renouvelable ensilée

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20100173354A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2137316A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20100015982A (fr)
CN (1) CN101646777A (fr)
CA (1) CA2682008A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007000834B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008116842A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2464585B (en) * 2008-10-21 2012-06-13 Blue Marble Energy Corp Systems and methods for anaerobic digestion and collection of products
DE102009035875A1 (de) 2009-08-03 2011-02-24 Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bio- oder Klärgas
ITVI20090242A1 (it) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-06 Giuseppe Loppoli Metodo di produzione di biogas e impianto utilizzante tale metodo
DE102011008186B4 (de) 2011-01-10 2018-09-20 Dge Dr.-Ing. Günther Engineering Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Biogas aus überwiegend stärkehaltigen Rohstoffen als Biomasse
BRPI1102153A2 (pt) 2011-05-11 2013-06-25 Cetrel S A processo e sistema de produÇço de biogÁs a partir de biomassa vegetal
DE102014103660A1 (de) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-24 Universität Rostock Einrichtung und Verfahren zum biologischen Abbau eines Substrats
EP3045525A1 (fr) * 2014-12-12 2016-07-20 Poopy3energy S.r.l. Installation de production de gaz
EA201890707A1 (ru) * 2015-09-11 2018-08-31 Индустрие Ролли Алиментари С.П.А. Агропромышленный способ с минимальным воздействием на окружающую среду
DK3141595T3 (da) * 2015-09-11 2019-06-11 pro agri gmbh Fremgangsmåde og apparat til frembringelse af biogas
DE102016003256A1 (de) * 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Eisenmann Se Anlage und Verfahren zur Verwertung von Biomaterial
CN110665947B (zh) * 2019-11-12 2020-12-11 湖州师范学院 一种小型农业废弃物与污泥高温厌氧消化方法
DE102021126275A1 (de) * 2021-10-11 2023-04-13 Clemens Maier Regeneratives Speicherkraftwerk mit Rückführung von Biomaterial
CN120484918A (zh) * 2025-05-15 2025-08-15 北京三元种业科技有限公司 一种田菁青贮加工一体化设备及方法

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DE4201166A1 (de) * 1992-01-17 1993-07-22 Linde Kca Dresden Gmbh Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen entsorgung von unterschiedlich mit feststoffen belasteten organischen abprodukten
DE29605625U1 (de) * 1996-03-15 1996-06-05 Biophil Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie Energie- und Umwelttechnik mbH, 12489 Berlin Anlage zur Vergärung von organischen Abfallstoffen
DE19846336A1 (de) * 1998-03-19 1999-09-23 Wehrle Werk Ag Verfahren sowie Anlage zur Behandlung von Abfällen
US6342378B1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2002-01-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Biogasification of solid waste with an anaerobic-phased solids-digester system
DE10157347B4 (de) * 2001-11-22 2006-02-02 Applikations- Und Technikzentrum Für Energieverfahrens-, Umwelt- Und Strömungstechnik (Atz-Evus) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abbau organischer Substanzen
DE102005030980A1 (de) * 2005-07-02 2007-01-04 Tuchenhagen Dairy Systems Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verbesserung der Gasausbeute in Anlagen zur Erzeugung von Biogas

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See also references of WO2008116842A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008116842A1 (fr) 2008-10-02
DE102007000834A1 (de) 2008-10-02
CN101646777A (zh) 2010-02-10
US20100173354A1 (en) 2010-07-08
DE102007000834B4 (de) 2017-09-14
CA2682008A1 (fr) 2008-10-02
KR20100015982A (ko) 2010-02-12

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