EP2155398A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des impuretés d'un courant gazeux - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des impuretés d'un courant gazeux

Info

Publication number
EP2155398A1
EP2155398A1 EP08749436A EP08749436A EP2155398A1 EP 2155398 A1 EP2155398 A1 EP 2155398A1 EP 08749436 A EP08749436 A EP 08749436A EP 08749436 A EP08749436 A EP 08749436A EP 2155398 A1 EP2155398 A1 EP 2155398A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
gas
tips
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08749436A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2155398B1 (fr
Inventor
Marcel Op De Laak
Franz Knopf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KNOPF, FRANZ
OP DE LAAK, MARCEL
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2155398A1 publication Critical patent/EP2155398A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2155398B1 publication Critical patent/EP2155398B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode with two or more serrated ends or sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for separating off liquid and / or particulate contaminants from a gas stream, in particular for separating oil droplets, soot particles or dust, for example, from the gas stream originating from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine and directed to the intake side of this internal combustion engine (blow-by).
  • Gas wherein this gas stream to be purified is passed through a gas discharge path between at least two electrodes, of which at least one electrode is an active or emission electrode (cathode) and at least one other electrode is a precipitation or counter electrode (anode), whereby the from the gas stream To be deposited impurities are electrically charged and sucked or attracted by the counter electrode via electric field forces.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a device for separating off liquid and / or particulate contaminants from a gas stream, in particular for separating off oil droplets, soot particles and / or dust, for example from a gas stream originating from the crankcase of an internal combustion engine and directed to the intake side of this internal combustion engine.
  • by-gas with at least two spaced electrodes, between which the flow path of the gas flow, wherein one of the electrodes is an active or emission electrode (cathode) and the other electrode is a precipitation or counter electrode (anode), whereby the gas stream in the gas flow sensitive impurities are electrically charged and sucked or attracted by the counter electrode via electric field forces.
  • crankcase ventilation gases A comparable method and a comparable device for the purification of crankcase ventilation gases are known from MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 60 (1999) 7/8.
  • a central wire electrode is provided, which is operated at a voltage below the breakdown voltage and which is enclosed by a coaxial counter electrode as an anode at a distance, so that can flow through this tubular counter electrode, the gas stream to be cleaned.
  • this device In view of the flow rate of the gas to be cleaned, this device is not suitable for effective cleaning due to its limited length. In addition, there is a considerable risk of contamination of the wire electrode, whereby the device can operate inhomogeneous and thus ineffective.
  • Particulate precipitators which precipitate charged particles from a gas flow on flat electrodes by means of electric field forces are also known in many designs, for example as electrostatic dust filters or as so-called oil separators for cleaning crankcase ventilation gases.
  • electrostatic dust filters or as so-called oil separators for cleaning crankcase ventilation gases.
  • oil separators for cleaning crankcase ventilation gases.
  • exhaust gas treatments for clean air in large-scale areas can be carried out using plasma technology.
  • a plasma technique with pulsed electrostatic precipitators is used, in which peak powers of 50 mega watts are used in the pulse at pulse rates of 200 hertz.
  • the plasmas in these particulate filters are superimposed with high voltage pulses.
  • Such a device is useful only in connection with large plants.
  • the method defined at the outset is characterized in that the gas flow is passed between at least one electrode tip serving as emission electrode (cathode) and a counter electrode (cathode) spaced apart from it, that a DC voltage exceeding the breakdown voltage is applied to the electrodes and that adjusting the current of the gas discharge path is limited, whereby in the space between the two electrodes, a stable low-energy plasma is formed.
  • the ions and neutral gas particles Due to the negative current-voltage characteristic of such a plasma, the resulting current is limited.
  • the invention takes advantage of the fact that in such a DC plasma, the ions and neutral gas particles have a significantly lower temperature of, for example, less than 100 ° Celsius and the number of negative electrons and the positive gas ions of the gas carrying the deposited impurities are not in equilibrium are located.
  • a voltage is applied to the electrodes, which is at least 1.2 times or one and a half times the breakdown voltage.
  • a breakdown voltage is significantly surpassing electrical high voltage is used so that a non-equilibrium plasma with high electron density is generated in the space between the electrodes, in which also large particles to be deposited can charge electrically highest possible to be on the shortest path to the Knock down counterelectrode.
  • the limited current can be conveniently selected proportional to the flow rate and increased at higher flow rate, which is the best possible Efficiency allows, so that the implementation of the method has the smallest possible space.
  • the method becomes particularly effective and effective when the gas stream is conducted past a plurality of electrode tips forming the active or emission electrode.
  • the limit charge of impurity particles can be achieved, so that especially when using a tip array as the active electrode a very effective cleaning can be achieved in a short way, so saving space, even if the gas to be cleaned has a high flow velocity.
  • a DC plasma having an electron density of about 10 10 electrons / cubic centimeter and electron temperatures up to 50,000 O Celsius can be generated between the electrodes in the flow channel of the gas to be purified, but the ions and neutral gas particles have a significantly lower temperature have less than 100 degrees Celsius and the number of negative Do not balance the electrons and the positive gas ions of the gas carrying the deposited particles.
  • an effective deposition of impurities on the planar electrode can be achieved in a relatively short way.
  • the current limiting element on the tip electrode may be a resistor or a semiconductor. This represents a simple arrangement of high efficiency.
  • the active or emission electrode (cathode) is formed by a multiplicity of tips.
  • the field volume in which the DC plasma is formed is correspondingly large, so that the particles to be deposited can charge on the shortest path and precipitate on the planar counterelectrode.
  • An embodiment of the device according to the invention can provide that the tips forming the emission electrode (cathode) are arranged in several rows arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the gas to be cleaned, and that the tips of one row are preferably laterally offset from those of the next row.
  • the emission electrode can therefore be expediently designed as an emission tip array and have a grid, which avoids plasma formed in the direction of movement of the particles gaps between the electrodes at selected flow cross section for the gas flow in that the each next row of peaks is offset by a fraction of the base grid.
  • each of the tips of the emission electrode via a plasma current limiting element, for example, a high-resistance, to a preferably negative DC voltage high voltage source
  • the operating voltage is such that the breakdown voltage to the plane arranged opposite the tip array conductive counter electrode is exceeded and thus in the space between each tip of the tip array and connected to the positive pole of the DC voltage source planar counter electrode a non-equilibrium plasma with an electron density of about 1 10 cm "3 sets, in which charge even the largest deposited particles electrically highest possible and precipitate on the shortest path on the opposite planar counter electrode.
  • the device may comprise a housing, at the bottom of which the counter electrode rests flatly and at a distance therefrom, the active electrode forming tips may be provided between side walls of the housing and the housing may have an inlet and an outlet for the gas flow. This is a structurally particularly convenient arrangement to conveniently dispose and accommodate the electrodes and pass the gas flow between them.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention for even better separation or cleaning results may provide that the device has a mechanical separator in the flow direction in front of the electrodes, in particular for relatively large droplets or particles.
  • a mechanical separator in the flow direction in front of the electrodes, in particular for relatively large droplets or particles.
  • even larger particles can be mechanically deposited before the deposition between the electrodes, so that they no longer burden the electronic deposition and the entire system can manage with correspondingly less electrical energy. This can be advantageous especially in non-stationary systems, for example in vehicle engines.
  • the mechanical pre-separator is designed as a baffle separator with at least one deflection or is a cyclone separator.
  • Such mechanical separators are known per se and can be selected and adapted in a suitable manner for the intended application. Between the mechanical separator and the electrode separator may be provided an opening or bore for a return of separated oil or for the removal of separated particles. Thus, an optional cleaning may be done at greater intervals than if the separated oil droplets and particles were removed only by cleaning operations.
  • a further embodiment of the device according to the invention can provide that both sides of a flat or plate-shaped counter electrode can each be arranged as tips formed emission electrodes. As a result, an effective separation of contaminants or particles from a gas stream can be achieved in an even narrower space.
  • the entire device can be designed so as to save space, for example in cylinders, due to the high ingestible charge of the contamination particles.
  • derkopfhauben or suction pipes of internal combustion engines or in other modules and components can be used or installed, which are in communication with a gas stream to be cleaned.
  • the flow channel can preferably have a rectangular cross-section, wherein this rectangular cross-section can be bounded by the two electrodes on two opposite sides.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a housing with a device according to the invention made of tips emitting electrodes and a plate-shaped planar counter electrode looking in the direction of the flowing between these electrodes gas flow,
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view approximately corresponding to Fig. 1 with three successively arranged rows of electrodes formed by tips and
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a device according to the invention containing housing, wherein six rows of juxtaposed tips are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction and provide the emission electrode forming the top array.
  • a designated in all three figures with 1 device is used for the separation of liquid and / or particulate impurities from a direction indicated by the arrows Pf in Figs. 2 and 3 gas stream, which is in particular the deposition of oil droplets, soot particles and / or dust
  • a coming from the crankcase of an internal combustion engine directed to the intake side of this engine gas stream.
  • the device 1 has two spaced-apart electrodes, between which the flow path of the gas flow Pf extends, one of the electrodes being an active or emission electrode 2 or cathode and the other electrode being a precipitation or counterelectrode 3 or anode the impurities in the gas stream Pf are electrically charged and can be sucked or attracted by the counterelectrode 3 via electric field forces.
  • the precipitation or counter electrode 3 is flat and plate-shaped and planar and that this counter electrode 3 is combined with a spaced apart to them active or emission electrode 2, which is formed by a plurality of tips 4, which are directed to the sheet-like electrode 3 and arranged in a common plane which is parallel to the counter-electrode 3 at a distance from it, so that the flow path for the gas flow Pf between these electrodes 2 and 3 is limited to two sides.
  • a Gleichstromrochlets- source 5 is indicated, whose negative pole is connected to the formed by the tips 4 of the emission electrode 2 and the positive pole with the flat counter electrode 3.
  • the current at the active or emission electrode 2 is limited by means of current limiting elements 6, which are arranged in each line leading to one of the tips 4.
  • These current-limiting elements 6 can be either a high-resistance resistor or a semiconductor or else another known per se current-limiting component.
  • the tips 4 forming the emission electrode 2 or cathode can be arranged in a plurality of rows arranged one behind the other in the flow direction, wherein the tips 4 of one row are offset laterally relative to those of the next row.
  • Fig. 1 shows an arrangement with two rows of tips, the tips 4 of the second row are arranged practically seen in the flow direction in the respective gap between two peaks of a front row located in front, so that the emanating from these tips 4 and the Counter electrode 3 extending plasma cone 7 - seen in the flow direction - overlap transversely to the flow, so that at least below the tips 4 for the gas flow leaving no gap lying in the flow direction.
  • Fig. 3 is an arrangement with a total of six rows of
  • Tips 4 shown, but rotated from the representations of Fig. 1 and 2 by 90 ° degrees, so that of each row of tips 4 only one of these tips 4 is visible.
  • the emission electrode 2 is thus formed in all embodiments as an emission tip array and has a grid, which at selected flow cross-section, in the embodiments, a rectangular flow cross-section, for the gas flow in the direction of movement of the particles gaps in the plasma formed between the electrodes 2 and 3 7 by the already explained overlap of the plasma gel avoids because the next row of tips 4 is offset by a fraction of the base grid width.
  • the device 1 has a housing 8, at the bottom 9, the counter electrode 3 rests flat on the inside.
  • the active electrode 2 forming tips 4 are provided, wherein the housing 8 has an inlet 11 and an outlet 12 for the gas flow Pf. Entry 11 and exit 12 are m Figs. 1 and 2 not visible, but similar to m Fig. 3 arranged.
  • the housing cross section forming the flow cross section is rectangular.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment in which, as an additional embodiment in the flow direction in front of the electrodes 2 and 3, a mechanical separator designated as a whole by 13 is arranged, in particular for relatively large droplets or particles.
  • this abbreviation separator 13 is directly connected to the housing 8 and thus walls of this housing 8 extend to this separator 13.
  • This pre-separator 13 is designed as a baffle separator, that is, a feed channel 14 for the gas flow initially leads vertically up against a baffle 15 and then via a chicane 16 to the inlet 11 of the actual device 1.
  • the inlet 11 is also to one side limited by a wall piece 17, so that the gas-particle flow is forced to several deflections, which favors the mechanical separation of larger oil droplets or particles.
  • a downwardly directed opening 18 or bore which can serve as a return of mechanically separated oil.
  • liquid and / or particulate impurities can be separated from a gas stream Pf, for example, from the gas stream originating from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine and directed to its suction side, whereby the gas stream to be cleaned passes through a gas discharge path is passed between the two electrodes 2 and 3, whereby the discourseschcheidenden from the gas stream impurities are electrically charged and sucked or attracted by the counter electrode 3 via electric field forces.
  • a gas stream Pf for example, from the gas stream originating from a crankcase of an internal combustion engine and directed to its suction side, whereby the gas stream to be cleaned passes through a gas discharge path is passed between the two electrodes 2 and 3, whereby the discourseschcheidenden from the gas stream impurities are electrically charged and sucked or attracted by the counter electrode 3 via electric field forces.
  • the gas flow Pf is passed between an electrode 2 formed by the electrode tips 4 and a counter-electrode 3 spaced therefrom, to the electrodes 2 and 3, a DC voltage exceeding the breakdown voltage by means of a DC high voltage source 5 is applied and adjusting the current of the gas discharge path between these electrodes 2 and 3 is limited, so that in the space between the two electrodes 2 and 3, a stable low-energy plasma is formed, which has an efficient cleaning effect.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif (1) qui permet d'extraire des impuretés liquides et/ou particulaires d'un courant gazeux (Pf) par exemple du courant gazeux provenant du carter de vilebrequin d'un moteur à combustion interne et dirigé sur son côté aspiration, le courant gazeux à purifier passant à travers une voie de décharge de gaz entre les deux électrodes (2 et 3), les impuretés à séparer du courant gazeux se trouvant alors chargées électriquement et étant aspirées ou attirées par la contre-électrode (3) sous l'effet de forces de champ électrique. Selon l'invention, le courant gazeux (Pf) passe entre une électrode d'émission (2) formée par des pointes d'électrode (4) et une contre-électrode (3) espacée de l'électrode d'émission, une tension continue qui dépasse la tension de claquage est appliquées aux électrodes (2 et 3) au moyen d'une source de haute tension continue (5), et le courant réglé de la voie de décharge de gaz entre les électrodes (2 et 3) est limité de sorte qu'un plasma faiblement énergétique stable est formé dans l'espace compris entre les deux électrodes (2 et 3), ledit plasma ayant une forte action purifiante.
EP08749436.5A 2007-05-31 2008-05-10 Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des impuretés d'un courant gazeux Not-in-force EP2155398B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007025416A DE102007025416B3 (de) 2007-05-31 2007-05-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abscheiden von Verunreinigungen aus einem Gasstrom
PCT/EP2008/003798 WO2008145251A1 (fr) 2007-05-31 2008-05-10 Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des impuretés d'un courant gazeux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2155398A1 true EP2155398A1 (fr) 2010-02-24
EP2155398B1 EP2155398B1 (fr) 2018-03-21

Family

ID=39768192

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08749436.5A Not-in-force EP2155398B1 (fr) 2007-05-31 2008-05-10 Procédé et dispositif pour extraire des impuretés d'un courant gazeux

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8308846B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2155398B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007025416B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008145251A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
EP2155398B1 (fr) 2018-03-21
WO2008145251A1 (fr) 2008-12-04
US20100294129A1 (en) 2010-11-25
US8308846B2 (en) 2012-11-13
DE102007025416B3 (de) 2008-10-23

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