EP2188417A2 - Association d'un element cathodique et d'un diaphragme - Google Patents
Association d'un element cathodique et d'un diaphragmeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2188417A2 EP2188417A2 EP08804000A EP08804000A EP2188417A2 EP 2188417 A2 EP2188417 A2 EP 2188417A2 EP 08804000 A EP08804000 A EP 08804000A EP 08804000 A EP08804000 A EP 08804000A EP 2188417 A2 EP2188417 A2 EP 2188417A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fibers
- agent
- diaphragm
- fluoropolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
- C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
- C25B11/031—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
- C25B11/095—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds at least one of the compounds being organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
- C25B13/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material
- C25B13/05—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials
- C25B13/07—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by the material based on inorganic materials based on ceramics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a combination of a composite cathode element and a diaphragm.
- the invention also relates to its manufacturing process.
- the invention also relates to the use of this combination in an electrolysis cell of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides.
- the production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide is carried out by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of alkali metal halides in an electrolysis cell comprising a cathode element comprising an elementary cathode optionally covered with a microporous material and a diaphragm whose essential function is to separate the anode compartment from the cathode compartment.
- the cathode or the diaphragm they must both be made of materials meeting many requirements in order to obtain the reliability and profitability required by an industrial operation. It is known that the materials used for producing the cathode element must meet several qualities. They must have a low electrical resistivity compatible with the operation of the electrolysis cell equipped with such a cathode element at an acceptable energy level. They must have a small thickness of about 0.1 to 10 mm while they must have a large surface area that may exceed several square meters.
- the diaphragm in an electrolysis cell behaves like a medium allowing on the one hand the passage of the current with a low ohmic drop and on the other hand the uniform flow of the electrolyte from one compartment to another.
- the qualities required for a diaphragm are contradictory. Indeed, from a mechanical point of view, the diaphragm must have a defined and persistent geometry, it must be homogeneous in size and structure. The phenomenon of swelling of the diaphragm should be avoided.
- the diaphragm is characterized by its relative resistance.
- relative resistance is meant the quotient of the resistance of a medium constituted by a diaphragm soaked with electrolyte to the resistance of the same medium consisting solely of electrolyte.
- the permeability of a diaphragm must be such that the pressure drop is low, but this permeability is a function of the pore size, but for the reasons stated above, an excessively large pore diameter does not occur. can be tolerated.
- a last requirement that we meet is that of reliability over time. Indeed, the technology is moving towards relatively long-lived cells. In this respect, diaphragms used are expected to have a rigorous stability in the time in their properties.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a solution for reducing energy consumption while respecting the constraints imposed on the cathode / diaphragm electrolytic system.
- the object of the invention is a combination of a composite cathode element and a diaphragm characterized in that it comprises an elementary cathode covered with a precathode consisting of a volume sheet of fibers comprising at least fluorinated polymer or graphite, said web being rendered more conductive by an electrocatalytic agent and in that the precathode is covered with a diaphragm consisting of a web of fluoropolymer fibers in which nested particles of a finely divided inorganic refractory material insoluble in water.
- there may be the presence of other additives such as, in particular, residual amounts of thickeners and blowing agents used in the preparation of the coatings.
- Another object of the invention lies in the manufacturing process of the combination.
- the originality of the present invention lies in the combination of two coatings which are deposited on the elementary cathode.
- the elementary cathode with two layers of fibers, the first layer with conductive fibers which are totally or partially carbon or graphite fibers thus constituting the precathode and the second layer with fibers.
- conductive fibers which are totally or partially carbon or graphite fibers thus constituting the precathode
- second layer with fibers preferably insulating polytetrafluoroethylene fibers constituting the diaphragm.
- the diaphragm is deposited successively on the elementary cathode, the precathode and is deposited directly thereon, which is an insulating material thus making it possible to ensure the separation of the anode and cathode compartments.
- association defined according to the invention can operate on an industrial scale and makes it possible to obtain gains in terms of energy consumption.
- the elementary cathode is covered with a precathode defined above.
- the elementary cathode is most often in the form of a grid.
- the precathode which covers the elementary cathode is a microporous material which comprises a sheet of fibers bonded by a fluoropolymer.
- fiber web is defined a three-dimensional assembly or stack of fibers whose thickness is substantially smaller than the smallest of the other dimensions, said assembly may or may not have two parallel surfaces.
- This sheet may be in various forms, in particular determined by the shape of the elementary cathode with which it is associated.
- the thickness of this layer may be between 0.1 and 5 mm, one of the large dimensions may substantially correspond to the height of the cathode element and reach 1 m or more.
- One of the constituents of the web according to the invention consists of fibers, part of which is electrically conductive fibers.
- conductive fibers denotes any material in the form of a filament whose diameter is generally less than 1 mm and preferably between 10 -5 and 0.1 mm and whose length is greater than 0.5 mm and preferably between 1 and 20 mm, said material having a resistivity of less than or equal to 0.4 ⁇ .cm.
- the conductive fibers are carbon or graphite fibers.
- the invention does not exclude the case where a portion of the carbon or graphite fibers, for example from 1% to 30% by weight, is substituted by non-conductive fibers such as, for example, mineral fibers such as glass, quartz, zirconia or organic fibers including polypropylene fibers, polyethylene fibers or fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Fibers entirely of carbon or graphite, are preferred. They are in the form of filaments whose dimensions are those mentioned above in the definition of conductive fibers.
- these carbon or graphite fibers have a monodisperse length distribution, that is to say a distribution of lengths such that the length of at least 80% and, advantageously at least 90% of the fibers corresponds to the average length to within ⁇ 20%, and preferably within ⁇ 10%.
- the fibers are bound in the form of a web with a fluoropolymer.
- fluoropolymer currently refers to a homopolymer or copolymer derived at least in part from olefinic monomers substituted by fluorine atoms, or substituted by a combination of fluorine atoms and at least one of the chlorine atoms. , bromine or iodine per monomer.
- fluorinated homopolymers or copolymers may consist of polymers and copolymers derived from tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, bromotrifluoroethylene.
- Such fluorinated polymers may also contain up to 75 mole percent of units derived from other unsaturated ethylenic monomers containing at least as many fluorine atoms as carbon atoms, such as, for example, vinylidene difluoride, vinyl and perfluoroalkyl, such as perfluoroalkoxyethylenes.
- the fluoropolymer is preferably polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the fluorinated polymer may represent up to 30% of the total weight of the sheet, this level being more generally between 5 and 20%.
- the fluoropolymer according to the invention is advantageously in the form of an aqueous dispersion (latex) containing, in general, from 30 to 70% of dry polymer, having a particle size of between 0.1 and 5 ⁇ m, and preferably , between 0.1 and 1 ⁇ m.
- the fiber web may contain one or more electrocatalytic agents which are preferably uniformly distributed in the web.
- These catalysts are most often in the form of a powder whose particle size varies for example between 1 and 100 microns.
- electrocatalytic agents mention may be made especially of platinum and palladium, but said agent is preferably chosen from the group consisting of Raney metals and Raney alloys from which most of the easily removable metal (metals) has been removed. (s) and mixtures thereof.
- Raney metal or Raney type is meant essentially particular catalytic forms of large surface of the following metals: nickel, cobalt, iron and copper, optionally doped or stabilized by at least one metal selected in the group consisting of: chromium, cobalt, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and manganese.
- Raney metal is likely to be transformed both chemically and physically as a result of treatment during the preparation of the material and / or during its use.
- the starting alloy may also contain minor amounts generally not exceeding 5% by weight of the active metal (s) (s), one or more stabilizing or doping metals selected from chromium , cobalt, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium and manganese. During the alkaline leaching of such a precursor, most of the easily removable metal (s) is removed.
- the presence of nickel in the pre-cathodic layer covering the cathode makes it possible to obtain the additional advantage of reducing very remarkably the chlorate content in a ratio of 1 to 10, usually from 1 to 5, of sodium hydroxide produced by the electrolysis of the sodium chloride solution.
- the amount of electrocatalytic agent, in whatever form it may present may represent up to 30% of the weight of the bonded web and more generally from 1 to 20% of this weight.
- the fiber web can contain residual amounts of additives generally not exceeding 5% of its weight which can be added simultaneously or successively during the preparation of the precathode.
- they may contain traces of surfactants, porogenic agents whose role is to regulate the porosity of the material constituting the precathode, and / or thickeners although in principle said agents are decomposed or eliminated during the development of said material.
- the elementary precathode is covered with a diaphragm which consists essentially of insulating fibers associated with an inorganic filler.
- insulating fibers any material in the form of a filament which is not an electrically conductive fiber.
- insulating fibers mention may be made of the fluoropolymer fibers in the sense indicated above and especially the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers.
- PTFE fibers used in the context of the present invention are insulating fibers which may have variable dimensions: their diameter (D) is generally between 10 and 500 ⁇ m and their length (L ) is such that the L / D ratio is between 5 and 500.
- D diameter
- L length
- PTFE fibers are used, the average dimensions of which are between 1 and 10 mm for the length and between 50 and 200 ⁇ m for the diameter. .
- Their preparation is described in US Pat. No. 4,444,640 and this type of PTFE fiber is known to those skilled in the art.
- a mineral filler which is an inorganic refractory material, insoluble in water and in the form of finely divided particles.
- suitable materials for the preparation of the diaphragm include oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicates of the following metals: zirconium, vanadium, chromium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, titanium and tungsten and mixtures thereof.
- zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate or mixtures thereof are examples of zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate or mixtures thereof.
- the particles of said material are of essentially spherical shape.
- Their size, expressed by their diameter, advantageously varies between 0.5 and 10 ⁇ m and is preferably between 1 and 5 ⁇ m.
- the amount of the refractory material can represent up to 75% of the weight of the fluoropolymer fibers and more generally from 20 to 50% of this weight
- the essential components of the diaphragm have been specified above, but it goes without saying that it can contain as for the precathode residual amounts of additives used in its manufacture.
- the diaphragm according to the present invention advantageously has a weight per unit area of between 3 and 7 kg / m 2 , preferably between 4 and 6 kg / m 2 .
- the thickness of the diaphragm generally varies between 1 and 5 mm and is preferably between 2 and 4 mm.
- the association which is the subject of the invention, is in a way, an assembly from one face to the other, of three layers, namely an elementary cathode, a precathode in the form of a first conductive fibrous sheet of the electricity and a diaphragm in the form of a sheet of insulating fibers.
- the subject of the present invention is also the process for preparing said combination essentially comprising the following steps: a - the deposition of a precathodic layer by programmed vacuum filtration of an aqueous dispersion comprising at least carbon or graphite fibers, the fluoropolymer, the electrocatalytic agent, a thickening agent, a pore-forming agent and, where appropriate, other additives through an elementary cathode constituted by a wire mesh or perforated metal surface; b - the elimination of the liquid medium and, where appropriate; the drying of the sheet thus formed, c - the deposition of a sheet of consolidated fibers constituting the diaphragm by programmed vacuum filtration of an aqueous dispersion comprising at least the fluoropolymer fibers, the refractory material, a thickening agent , through the porous precathodic material, d - the elimination of the liquid medium and, where appropriate, the drying of the sheet thus formed, e - the
- the dispersion (or suspension) allowing the deposition of the precathodic layer is generally strongly diluted. Its dry matter content (fibers, fluoropolymer, electrocatalytic agent, additives) varies most often between 1 and 5% and is preferably between 2 and 4% by weight.
- the relative amounts of the essential constituents of the precathodic material to be introduced into the dispersion are substantially the same as those found in the material.
- the dispersion contains the amounts expressed as solids of the following main constituents:
- fluorinated polymeric binder By weight of "fluorinated polymeric binder” is meant the weight of the fluoropolymer type binder plus the weight of the fluoropolymer fibers in the case where they are introduced as a partial substitution of carbon or graphite fibers.
- the sheet contains a porogenic agent whose role is to regulate the porosity of the sheet, porosity that influences the flow of liquids and the evacuation of gases.
- a compound is used which can then be removed by leaching or by chemical or thermal decomposition.
- porogenic agents there may be mentioned in particular alkali or alkaline earth salts, such as halides, sulphates, sulphites, bisulphites, phosphates, carbonates, bicarbonates; amphoteric alumina or a derivative based on silica: the latter being preferred.
- alkali or alkaline earth salts such as halides, sulphates, sulphites, bisulphites, phosphates, carbonates, bicarbonates; amphoteric alumina or a derivative based on silica: the latter being preferred.
- sica-based derivatives is intended to mean precipitated silicas and fumed or pyrogenic silicas.
- the silicas have a specific surface area
- BET of between 100 m 2 / g and 300 m 2 / g and / or a granulometry determined by the COULTER ® counter between 1 and 50 microns and preferably between 1 and 15 microns.
- thickening agent in order to increase the viscosity of the dispersion.
- thickening agent a compound which increases the viscosity of the solution and which has water retentive properties. Natural or synthetic polysaccharides are generally used.
- biopolymers obtained by fermentation of a carbohydrate under the action of microorganisms and more particularly the Xanthan gum obtained by fermentation of a sugar using Xanthomonas Campestris.
- Xanthan gum is commercially available in the form of a powder having a particle size generally between 50 and 250 microns and a bulk density greater than about 0.7.
- At least one surfactant is preferably added during the preparation of the suspension in step a).
- the maximum amount of surfactant present is generally less than 3% and is preferably between 0.5 and 2%.
- a nonionic surfactant is used.
- nonionic surfactants it is especially possible to use ethoxylated alcohols or fluorocarbon compounds with functional groups alone or as a mixture; these alcohols or these fluorocarbon compounds generally have carbon chains from Ce to C2.
- biocidal agents examples include bactericides (triclosan %), 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (Procel ® ), fungicides.
- the amount of biocide is generally at most 2% by weight and is preferably between 0.01 and 0.05%.
- the preparation of the aqueous dispersion comprising the constituents intended for preparing the precathode is carried out by introducing into the water, in the following preferred order: the surfactant and the thickening agent.
- the viscosity measured at ambient temperature (20 ° C.) at the BROOKFIELD viscometer at a speed of 50 rpm varies between 20 and 60 centipoise, preferably between 30 and 50 centipoise.
- the fibers are then introduced, the fluoropolymer preferably a PTFE latex, the blowing agent and lastly the electrocatalytic agent.
- the constituents are mixed with stirring.
- the elementary cathode which consists of a metal surface having a mesh gap or perforations of between 20 ⁇ m and 5 mm is dipped in the aqueous dispersion described above. The web is then formed by vacuum filtration of the dispersion through the cathode.
- the vacuum program can be continuous or stepwise, from atmospheric pressure to final pressure (0.01 to 0.5 bar absolute).
- the sheet thus formed is dried in air, at a temperature preferably between 70 0 C and 120 ° C; for a period ranging from 1 to 12 hours.
- the diaphragm is deposited on the precathode by soaking the precathode in an aqueous dispersion of insulating fibers as defined above.
- the dispersion (or suspension) for the deposition of the diaphragm is an aqueous dispersion having a dry matter concentration which most often varies between 10 and 30% by weight and is preferably between 15 and 25%.
- the dispersion of the insulating fibers composed of fibers of a fluorinated polymer, preferably of PTFE, is introduced by introducing into water a thickening agent and various additives such as sodium hydroxide, biocidal agent and antifoam agent, for example an antifoam agent. of silicone type and then the fibers.
- the use of the thickener makes it possible to increase the viscosity of the dispersion.
- the amount of thickening agent in the dispersion is generally between 0.1 and 0.3% by weight. It will be specified that at this stage, the viscosity measured at room temperature
- the medium may also contain caustic soda used to preserve the cathode during the impregnation. 0.5 to 2% by weight of soda expressed relative to a commercial solution of sodium hydroxide at 30% by weight are added.
- a mixture comprising from 35 to 60% by weight of fluoropolymer fibers, preferably PTFE, from 35 to 60% of sodium chloride and from 5 to 35% of zirconia or any other refractory material, is then introduced.
- the preferred amounts used in the mixture are from 40 to
- fluoropolymer fibers 55% by weight of fluoropolymer fibers, 40 to 55% of sodium chloride and 10% to 30% of zirconia or any other refractory material.
- a quantity of mixture is used such that the fibers represent from 3.5 to 18% of the weight of the dispersion and preferably from 4 to 16.5% by weight.
- sodium chloride is inherent in the manufacture of PTFE fibers.
- Other inert and granular solid materials can be used in their manufacture in place of sodium chloride and there may be mentioned in particular, alumina, calcium carbonate or sand.
- the precathode is soaked in the aqueous dispersion described above. It should be noted that, given the thickness of the chosen diaphragm, most of the time, it is necessary to make several successive impregnations, for example up to 10.
- the web is then formed by vacuum filtration programmed of the dispersion to through the cathode and precathode.
- the vacuum program can be continuous or stepwise, from atmospheric pressure to final pressure (0.01 to 0.5 bar absolute). After removal of the liquid medium, the sheet thus formed can be dried in air, at a temperature preferably between 70 0 C and 120 0 C, for a period of from 1 to 12 hours.
- the drying is carried out simultaneously with a sintering operation which comprises heating in air at a temperature above the melting point or softening point of the fluoropolymer, for example from 5 to 50 ° C above this point.
- the sintering temperature is advantageously between 120 and 370 ° C.
- the duration of this operation advantageously varies between 1 hour and 24 hours, more precisely between 1 hour and 12 hours.
- an elementary cathode covered with a precathode and a diaphragm that can be implemented in an electrolysis cell dedicated in particular to the electrolysis of the alkali metal halide solutions and more particularly sodium chloride.
- the electrolysis is carried out on solutions with a high concentration of sodium chloride which is usually between 290 and 320 g / l.
- an electrolysis cell most often made of steel and copper with as electrodes, the cathode defined according to the invention and covered with a diaphragm and an anode which is generally an anode made of activated titanium.
- An electric current is supplied to the anode at a rate of 0.6 to 2.5 kA per square meter of anode.
- Electrolysis is generally conducted continuously although a batch operation is not excluded.
- Chlorine is recovered at the anode and sodium hydroxide and hydrogen at the cathode.
- the concentration of the electrolytic sodium hydroxide obtained is between 70 and 150 g / l.
- the combination of a cathode composite element and diaphragm as defined according to the invention provides improved performance during the implementation for the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions and more particularly sodium chloride . In the latter case, there is a lower energy consumption.
- a voltage gain of the order of 50 to 300 mV expressed with respect to an operating voltage of 3 volts it is found, advantageously, a decrease in the chlorate content.
- the preparation of the pre-cathode bath is carried out to effect the impregnation on the cathode and the preparation of the diaphragm bath for its coupling on the precathode.
- a suspension comprising:
- the solution is then left at rest for at least 24 hours before use and visual verification of its appearance.
- the gentle agitation is reset for 30 minutes.
- the appropriate volume of solution is taken so as to make a deposit of the precathode of the order of 0.4-0.5 kg / m 2 .
- the filtration is conducted under a programmed vacuum increasing on a volumic cathode so as to obtain a spin vacuum of 600-700 mbar (final pressure: 0.3 -0.4 bar) on the precathode.
- the fibrous web is then dried in air at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.
- Impregnation bath diaphragm on precathode Impregnation bath diaphragm on precathode.
- the aqueous suspension has a viscosity of 1800 centipoises measured at room temperature (20 ° C.) on the BROOKFIELD viscometer at a speed of 1 rpm.
- the volume of water of the medium is calculated so as to have a concentration of PTFE + Zirconia fibers of 100 g / l. About Vi h stirring is necessary to have a homogeneous medium. The solution can be used directly.
- a sample is taken to deposit between 4 and 6 kg / m 2 on said precathode prepared initially.
- the impregnation is carried out under controlled vacuum increasing by successive dipping to have a clogging and reduce the thickness of the system.
- the final vacuum of the source is 900 mbar (final pressure: 0.1 bar). After obtaining the wet coupling, it is dried in air at 100 0 C and then sintered at 355 ° C for a total cycle of 1 Vi h.
- Concentration of the electrolytic soda 110 g / l A voltage gain of 150 mV is obtained with respect to an initial voltage of 3.23V.
- the voltage gain is 5% compared to an elementary cathode / diaphragm electrolytic system.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0706456A FR2921073B1 (fr) | 2007-09-14 | 2007-09-14 | Association d'un element cathodique et d'un diaphragme |
| PCT/EP2008/062033 WO2009034116A2 (fr) | 2007-09-14 | 2008-09-11 | Association d'un element cathodique et d'un diaphragme |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2188417A2 true EP2188417A2 (fr) | 2010-05-26 |
Family
ID=39272142
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08804000A Withdrawn EP2188417A2 (fr) | 2007-09-14 | 2008-09-11 | Association d'un element cathodique et d'un diaphragme |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2188417A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2921073B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009034116A2 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2616809B1 (fr) * | 1987-06-19 | 1991-06-14 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Materiau electroactive a base de fibres conductrices, sa fabrication et son utilisation pour realiser des elements cathodiques |
| FR2650843B1 (fr) * | 1989-08-10 | 1992-01-17 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Diaphragme, association d'un tel diaphragme a un element cathodique et leur procede d'obtention |
| US5188712A (en) * | 1991-01-03 | 1993-02-23 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Diaphragm for use in chlor-alkali cells |
-
2007
- 2007-09-14 FR FR0706456A patent/FR2921073B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-09-11 EP EP08804000A patent/EP2188417A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-11 WO PCT/EP2008/062033 patent/WO2009034116A2/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009034116A3 (fr) | 2009-06-18 |
| WO2009034116A2 (fr) | 2009-03-19 |
| FR2921073A1 (fr) | 2009-03-20 |
| FR2921073B1 (fr) | 2009-12-04 |
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