EP2204483A2 - Mischung aus Zellulosewatte und Pflanzen- oder Tierfasern, Herstellungsverfahren und Wärmedämmmaterial - Google Patents

Mischung aus Zellulosewatte und Pflanzen- oder Tierfasern, Herstellungsverfahren und Wärmedämmmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2204483A2
EP2204483A2 EP09172212A EP09172212A EP2204483A2 EP 2204483 A2 EP2204483 A2 EP 2204483A2 EP 09172212 A EP09172212 A EP 09172212A EP 09172212 A EP09172212 A EP 09172212A EP 2204483 A2 EP2204483 A2 EP 2204483A2
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Prior art keywords
fibers
cellulose wadding
vegetable
animal
cellulose
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EP09172212A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2204483A3 (de
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Isabelle De Vriese
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/02—Cotton wool; Wadding
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4266—Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/544—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/55—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/74—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new thermal and sound insulating material and its manufacturing process.
  • This material according to the invention is more particularly intended for the thermal and sound insulation of individual houses, industrial buildings, residential and collective.
  • Mineral fibers such as glass wool and rock wool are well known as thermal insulating material, or even phonic.
  • thermal and acoustic insulating properties of wool materials of vegetable and animal fibers are known, as the case may be, refined by fraying.
  • Some mineral insulators collapse and settle over time because of a separation of fibers and their binders, changing the value of insulation throughout their lives. Insulants based on animal and vegetable wool do not know this phenomenon because of the resilience and elasticity of their fibers.
  • plant and / or animal fibers are biodegradable and are therefore not bio-persistent in the body.
  • Vegetable and animal fibers may be applied in bulk, in particular by blowing, or manufactured in the form of relatively soft nonwoven webs, in rolls or in panels when they are hot-mixed with binders, especially based on thermo-fusible synthetic fibers. such as polyester-based fibers.
  • the very good thermal and sound insulation properties of cellulose wadding and vegetable or animal fibers are illustrated by a coefficient of thermal conductivity lower than that of insulating mineral wools such as wools of glass and rockwool, and especially a phase shift time more than double that of insulating mineral wools.
  • cellulose wadding Another essential advantage of cellulose wadding is its relatively low cost compared with insulating wools of mineral, vegetable or animal fibers.
  • cellulose wadding is applied in bulk by blowing itself in the course of time, which affects its insulating properties insofar as the amount of air trapped for a given volume is found relatively small.
  • the cellulose wadding can be formulated in the form of a panel or sheet only under unsatisfactory rigidity conditions. Indeed, because of its friable structure, it is possible to obtain only relatively rigid compact panels of relatively high density especially greater than 60 kg / m3, with high proportions of binder which affects their insulating properties. These panels, because of their rigidity which makes them relatively friable and brittle, have unsatisfactory mechanical properties when used for lack of flexibility.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a new, improved insulating material, in particular which combines the advantages of insulants based on plant or animal fibers in terms of the thermal insulation property and the mechanical property of cohesion and flexibility of the products in question. tablecloth, while being less expensive than an insulator based on vegetable or animal fibers.
  • stabilized mixture is understood here to mean that the cellulose wadding remains retained by said fibers in the form of small particles, without the use of a binder.
  • this mixture has a synergy in terms of thermal conductivity with identical density relative to starting materials exclusively based on cellulose wadding as an insulating material on the one hand or exclusively based on vegetable or animal fibers. on the other hand, while reducing the cost compared to a material based exclusively on vegetable or animal fibers.
  • the thermal performance of an insulation is a function of its ability to trap air and block its circulation. This capacity of imprisonment is related to the fineness of the fibers which one obtains if necessary by successive fraying. Necessarily due to the friable quality of the cellulose wadding, part of it is in the form of finer particles invisible to the naked eye trapped in the interstices of intermingling of said fibers.
  • the inventors formulate the hypothesis that, by intermingling with plant or animal fibers, particles of celluloses which have a size smaller than that of vegetable fibers, or animal fibers, enter the interstices of vegetable or animal fibers intermingled so that cellulose wadding improves the ability of said fibers to stabilize the air they contain and therefore make it a more efficient insulation.
  • the phase shift time of the mixing material is proportional to the phase shift times of the materials constituting the mixture in proportion to the respective weight proportions of the two constituents, ie a phase shift time of the mixture greater than 10 hours.
  • the phase shift time of the plant or animal fibers is greater than that of the cellulose wadding, in particular with flax fibers, the mixture according to the present invention has a longer phase shift time.
  • a mixing material according to the invention has, by virtue of its greater homogeneity of mixing, improved mechanical cohesion properties and, in particular, a resistance to settlement. improved.
  • the reduction in the size of the cellulose wadding particles promotes the best filling of the interstices of the intermingled fibers and thus the cohesion of the mixture and reduces the settling phenomena of the mixture, which results in particular from the packing of the cellulose wadding particles. .
  • the increase in the proportion by weight of vegetable or animal fibers contributes to imparting greater elasticity to a mixture material according to the invention formulated in the form of a sheet.
  • the reduction of the cellulose wadding content in the mixture according to the invention results in less loss of cellulose wadding during the mixing process, especially during manufacture in the form of a sheet, as described below.
  • a mixing material according to the invention mixed with a binder can be used for the manufacture of manufactured products in sheet, such as rolls, panels or shells and whose mechanical properties of flexibility are comparable to those of the vegetable fiber webs. and animals and make the implementation easy to apply.
  • said vegetable or animal fibers have an average length of less than 10 cm, preferably 3 to 6 cm, and the lengths of the mini fiber of cellulose wadding are less than 2 mm.
  • the plant or animal fibers are previously treated anti-fire, anti bacteria, antifungal and anti-insects, especially using a specific pre-treatment line as described in FR 2,886,948 on behalf of the applicants.
  • dry flame retardant treatment with boron salts and various adjuvants to improve the resistance to microorganisms, rodents and vermin of cellulose wadding are known.
  • the material according to the invention further comprises flame retardant additives, such as boron salts or ammonium salts, and / or bactericidal, antifungal and / or insecticidal adjuvants and the like, such as based on iso thiazole or encapsulated essential oils having biocidal properties, such as encapsulated Neem oil (PRONEEM company - France).
  • flame retardant additives such as boron salts or ammonium salts
  • bactericidal, antifungal and / or insecticidal adjuvants and the like such as based on iso thiazole or encapsulated essential oils having biocidal properties, such as encapsulated Neem oil (PRONEEM company - France).
  • the thermal performance of an insulator is related to its density. As density increases, the amount of stabilized air increases and the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient decreases.
  • a cellulose fiber wadding material and fibers according to the invention makes it possible to obtain higher densities than those obtained with the vegetable or animal fibers separately.
  • the mixing material according to the invention when it is in bulk flakes applied by blowing, the mixing material according to the invention then has a density of 10 to 40 kg / m3, preferably 15 to 30 kg / m3.
  • the bulk material is, more particularly, applied by blowing on thicknesses of 10 to 30 cm, and the sheet material has a density of 20 to 120 kg / m 3, and more particularly, the thickness of the sheet material. is 2 to 20 cm.
  • the present invention provides, more particularly, a thermal insulating material consisting of a said mixture of cellulose wadding and plant or animal fibers having a thermal conductivity less than 0.045 W / km, preferably less than 0.040 W / km, and a time phase shift greater than 10 hours.
  • obtaining a mixing material with particles with apparent flakes of cellulose as small as less than 5 mm was made possible only by the implementation of an original preparation process according to the present invention, according to which the cellulose wadding / plant or animal fiber mixture is refined and homogenized in two stages. Firstly, a first mixture of an intermingling of plant or animal fibers with particles of cellulose wadding of relatively large size, during which said particles are ground and the opening of said fibers is carried out on a first drum equipped with carding spikes.
  • the size of the cellulose wadding particles is reduced and homogenized to a final size of less than 5 mm, continuing their mixing with said fibers open on a drum equipped with tips or blades of smaller size, for stabilizing said small particles of cellulose wadding in a new intermingling of plant fibers.
  • step a a first inhomogeneous mixture is obtained with large lump or flakes of wadding of disparate sizes but already partially stabilized by a first opening of the plant or animal fibers.
  • cellulose wadding particles smaller than 5 mm could not be stabilized in the mixture because they would volatilize if they were not retained between the fibers.
  • the size reduction of said cellulose wadding particles, from larger particles must be concomitant with the opening of the plant or animal fibers from said intermingling of plant or animal fibers.
  • the relative proportion of cellulose wadding, relative to the total of the cellulose wadding and said plant or animal fibers, in the final mixture product is less than at most 15%, preferably at most 10%, relative to the relative proportion of cellulose wadding relative to the total proportions of cellulose wadding and said plant or animal fiber in the starting materials, taken separately.
  • the losses of cellulose wadding are less than 15, preferably less than 10%. These losses are due to the volatilization of the cellulose wadding pulverized during the different steps of the process.
  • said fibers are treated by immersing them in a tank containing a solution of flame retardant, bactericidal, antifungal and / or insecticidal adjuvants in which said fibers are mechanically beaten and then dried before step a).
  • thermoly fusible synthetic binder fibers preferably synthetic fibers.
  • polyester base more preferably polyester fibers coated with polyethylene or polypropylene, and a thermal and mechanical treatment is carried out to manufacture said mixture obtained after step b) in the form of a sheet of mixture of cellulose wadding and said fibers. nonwoven.
  • said binder fibers or, preferably, only the outer coating of said binder fibers has a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of said plant or animal fibers and of said cellulose wadding and, where appropriate, lower at the melting temperature of the core portion of said binder fibers with respect to the melting temperature of the outer coating of said binder fibers.
  • the mixture of said constituents is brought to said melting temperature of said binder fibers or, preferably, to the melting temperature of the outer coating said binder fibers, at which temperature, said plant or animal fibers and said cellulose wadding, especially by their flame retardant pretreatment, do not melt but are bonded together by said molten binder fibers or, preferably, only said coating externally melted said binder fibers.
  • the cellulose wadding is packaged in compact form at densities of 50-100 kg / m 3, corresponding to a bulk density of the bulk material applied by blowing, in the form of fibrous particles smaller than 10 mm, more precisely of lower average size. at 5 mm, 24 kg / m3.
  • Cellulose wadding came from CELLISOL (France) with a thermal coefficient of 0.042 W / m.K.
  • the different plant or animal fibers are characterized by their length and origin.
  • Flax fibers are derived from scutching the stem of the plant to obtain refined flax fibers, average lengths of 2 to 6 cm.
  • the density of the flax fibers in their packaging bag is 50-100 kg / m3 but, once out of the bag, the bulk flax fibers applied by blowing have a density of 12 to 15 kg / m3.
  • the cotton used was derived from the recycling of clothing and contained small proportions of 15 to 20% of other types of fibers, for example synthetic fibers, also having fiber lengths of 2 to 6 cm and densities similar to those to flax fiber.
  • the sheep fibers are derived directly from the mowing of the animal and also have lengths similar to those of flax and cotton fibers. On the other hand, their density varied from 10 to 13 kg / m3.
  • ISO4 type blowers of ISOLFRANCE France are used.
  • This treatment tunnel consists of two successive identical treatment modules 4 and 5, which contain rotating drums inside which said fibers and a treatment solution are introduced.
  • the two processing modules are contiguous with each other and communicate with each other by admission and transfer means formed in the side flanges of the drums they contain.
  • the intake and transfer means consist of an opening formed in the opposing flanges of the drums of the two modules.
  • a fiber stirring means constituted by a helical wall welded to the inner cylindrical wall of the drum and extending in a secant direction to the cylindrical wall.
  • This helical wall is such that when the drum of one of the processing modules is driven by its motor in rotation in one direction, the fibers are brewed inside the drum and, when the drum is rotated in the other In the sense, the fibers are expelled from the drum and transferred to the neighboring drum by the transfer means described above.
  • the control automaton 25 reverses the direction of rotation of the drum of the first module 4 which is empty. filling the second module 5 where the fibers undergo a second treatment in a treatment solution.
  • the first module 4 emptied, it can again be filled with fibers by the loading carpet 3a.
  • pivoting beaters are also attached to the inner walls of the drum of each of the processing modules 4 and 5 to strike the fibers at each drum revolution against the walls thereof. This threshing of the fibers during rotation of the drum makes it possible to improve the penetration of the treatment solution into the fibers. The material will thus be beaten tens of times against the inner walls of the drum of each of the treatment modules 4 and 5.
  • the direction of rotation of the drum of the module 5 is reversed.
  • the fibers are then poured into a hydraulic press 6 to be dewatered.
  • the dewatering effluents of the treated fibers are then recycled to a tank 26 containing a treatment solution by a recovery circuit 27.
  • the material falls into a translator carriage 7 which will feed three dryers 8, 9 and 10 to hot air.
  • the fibers undergo drying of a variable duration of 60 to 1500 seconds at a temperature between 100 ° C and 150 ° C depending on the material to be dried. During this drying, all the water remaining in the fibers after wringing in the press 6 is evaporated and only the treatment agents remain in the fibers.
  • the controller 25 directs the translator carriage 7 to an empty dryer as the treated fibers arrive from the press 6.
  • Each dryer at the end of the cycle, reverses its direction of rotation to discharge, as in the treatment modules, the dried fibers on a conveyor belt 11 to the mixing plant (12, 13 and 14) of the fibers with the cellulose wadding.
  • this mixing plant comprises three identical compartments for loading materials 12, 13 and 14. Each of them comprises a feed belt 28 followed by a pointed apron 29 with a length greater than or equal to 2 cm. which makes it possible to hook the material and to transport it in the weighing module 30.
  • the weighing module 30 makes it possible to quantify the masses of material to be mixed. These quantities are previously defined. They are a function of the percentage of each material in the final mixture.
  • the cellulose wadding is deposited on the carpet of the loading compartment 13.
  • the material is hooked by the pointed apron which bring the material to the weighing module.
  • the machine stops the feed belt 28 and the spiked deck 29, and controls the opening of the weighing module 30 which pours the material on the conveyor belt 15.
  • the controller moving the belt to the level of the weighing module of the load compartment 14.
  • the automaton stops the feed belt 28 and the pointed apron 29 and orders the opening of the module 30.
  • the animal or vegetable fibers are then poured onto the cellulose wadding already present on the conveyor belt 15.
  • synthetic fiber binders based on polyethylene and polypropylene may be added in the loading compartment 12.
  • polyester fibers of the company ROHTEX gmbh (Germany) of the type are used. 4559/7827, with an average length of about 50 mm, in a relative proportion of 18 to 25% relative to the total of the other components and said binder fibers, namely in total of cellulose wadding, vegetable fiber or animal and so-called binder fibers, it being understood that the relative proportion of wadding of cellulose and vegetable or animal fibers, relative to each other, remains within the above-mentioned ranges.
  • These fibers are called bicomponent fibers because they are made of polyester core, but coated with polyethylene.
  • the polyethylene has a melting temperature of 150 ° C, lower than that of the polyester of 180 ° C, during the heat treatment in the laminator, as described below, only the polyethylene melts, providing the binder function. with the vegetable or animal fibers to which the binder fibers are mixed. They are visible to the naked eye but are intertwined with plant or animal fibers.
  • This drum 16a carding spikes allows a first mixture of cellulose wadding with vegetable or animal fibers.
  • a mixture is obtained in which the cellulose wadding flakes are of relatively large average size (2 to 5 cm) and intermixed with the vegetable or animal fibers in an inhomogeneous manner.
  • the mixture of fibers and cellulose wadding is then sucked by the lapper transmitter thanks to the depression created by a fan 38 through the perforated roll 35 on which the web of defibrated material is formed.
  • the sheet of material is delivered by the corrugated rollers 33 for feeding a next drum 37, equipped on its entire surface with small sawtooth blades less than 1 cm high, juxtaposed next to each other in staggered rows. .
  • Drums with small carding points and sawtooth blades 34, 37 allow a refining or defibration of the fibers and a homogeneous mixture of the cellulose wadding with these fibers.
  • the particles of cellulose wadding, smaller than 5 mm, are trapped in the intermingling of plant or animal fibers.
  • the various drums 16a, 34 and 37 have a cylindrical shape of length about 1 m and diameter about 50 cm, with rotation speeds in action of the order of 1000 to 1500 revolutions / minute.
  • the overall hourly output of the plant described above is about 200 to 400 kg of manufactured mixture per hour.
  • binder fibers have not been added to the loader 12, before mixing, it is still possible to mix them with the mixture of cellulose wadding and vegetable or animal fibers before introducing them or when they are introduced into the laminator , in the proportions mentioned above.
  • the inverter mat 19 supplies, via the belts 21 and 22, an opening loader 23 which feeds a press 24 that can package the mixture into bales of 2 kg to 20 kg, compacted in general at a density of 50 to 100 kg / m3.
  • the densities are given for loose bulk applications, and the mixture of cellulose wadding and flax fiber corresponds to a proportion of about 50/50 between the two components.
  • the mixing material according to the invention has a synergy, in terms of thermal conductivity, with respect to these constituent products taken separately, since this is lower than that of each of these constituents used under the same conditions. of density.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
EP09172212A 2008-10-10 2009-10-05 Mischung aus Zellulosewatte und Pflanzen- oder Tierfasern, Herstellungsverfahren und Wärmedämmmaterial Withdrawn EP2204483A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0856859A FR2937057B1 (fr) 2008-10-10 2008-10-10 Melange de ouate de cellulose et de fibres vegetales ou animales, procede de fabrication et materiau isolant thermique

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EP2204483A2 true EP2204483A2 (de) 2010-07-07
EP2204483A3 EP2204483A3 (de) 2011-11-30

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ITBI20120004A1 (it) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-04 Franco Vialardi Metodo di realizzazione di ovatta coesa, macchina per la realizzazione di ovatta coesa, associata a detto metodo e meccanismo per la miscelazione fra polvere legante e ovatta.
IT202000005446A1 (it) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-13 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Materiale composito biodegradabile
CN114555876A (zh) * 2020-05-14 2022-05-27 米纳尔迪羽毛有限责任公司 用于生产填充材料的方法和设备以及填充材料
WO2024013251A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2024-01-18 Cibb (Construction Innovation Bois Beton) Procede de fabrication d'un materiau isolant optimise en vrac et structure isolante comportant un tel materiau
US20250344667A1 (en) * 2024-05-13 2025-11-13 Lauren Lobue Animal bedding made from agricultural waste

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ITGE20120028A1 (it) * 2012-03-07 2013-09-08 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Materiale composito di origine naturale e metodo per la sua fabbricazione
WO2015151015A1 (en) * 2014-04-01 2015-10-08 Afe Impex S.R.L. Absorbent sheet material and a process for its preparation
FR3115543B1 (fr) * 2020-10-28 2026-01-23 Iso 2 Ind Composition isolante de laine minérale et de laine de coton
IT202100009125A1 (it) * 2021-04-12 2022-10-12 Mixcycling S R L Procedimento di nobilitazione di fibre di origine vegetale e fibre vegetali nobilitate ottenute da detto procedimento
CN120180062B (zh) * 2025-05-19 2025-08-01 绍兴达伽马纺织有限公司 一种拉毛机除絮功能状态检测系统及方法

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US5910367A (en) 1997-07-16 1999-06-08 Boricel Corporation Enhanced cellulose loose-fill insulation
FR2886948A1 (fr) 2005-06-10 2006-12-15 Vriese Isabelle De Procede de lavage de laine animale et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITBI20120004A1 (it) * 2012-04-03 2013-10-04 Franco Vialardi Metodo di realizzazione di ovatta coesa, macchina per la realizzazione di ovatta coesa, associata a detto metodo e meccanismo per la miscelazione fra polvere legante e ovatta.
IT202000005446A1 (it) * 2020-03-13 2021-09-13 Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche Materiale composito biodegradabile
CN114555876A (zh) * 2020-05-14 2022-05-27 米纳尔迪羽毛有限责任公司 用于生产填充材料的方法和设备以及填充材料
CN114555876B (zh) * 2020-05-14 2024-03-12 米纳尔迪羽毛有限责任公司 用于生产填充材料的方法和设备以及填充材料
WO2024013251A1 (fr) 2022-07-13 2024-01-18 Cibb (Construction Innovation Bois Beton) Procede de fabrication d'un materiau isolant optimise en vrac et structure isolante comportant un tel materiau
FR3137930A1 (fr) * 2022-07-13 2024-01-19 Cibb (Construction Innovation Bois Beton) Procede de fabrication d’un materiau isolant optimise et structure isolante comportant un tel materiau
US20250344667A1 (en) * 2024-05-13 2025-11-13 Lauren Lobue Animal bedding made from agricultural waste

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Publication number Publication date
FR2937057B1 (fr) 2010-12-10
EP2204483A3 (de) 2011-11-30
FR2937057A1 (fr) 2010-04-16

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