EP2244848A2 - Procédé de nettoyage d'un échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Procédé de nettoyage d'un échangeur de chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP2244848A2
EP2244848A2 EP08871095A EP08871095A EP2244848A2 EP 2244848 A2 EP2244848 A2 EP 2244848A2 EP 08871095 A EP08871095 A EP 08871095A EP 08871095 A EP08871095 A EP 08871095A EP 2244848 A2 EP2244848 A2 EP 2244848A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deposits
cleaning solution
cleaning
heat exchanger
steam generator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08871095A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2244848B1 (fr
Inventor
Ursula Hollwedel
Franz Ammann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Areva GmbH
Original Assignee
Areva NP GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Areva NP GmbH filed Critical Areva NP GmbH
Publication of EP2244848A2 publication Critical patent/EP2244848A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2244848B1 publication Critical patent/EP2244848B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/023—Cleaning the external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F22B37/483—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers specially adapted for nuclear steam generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G9/00—Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning the secondary space of a heat exchanger, in particular a steam generator of a nuclear installation.
  • a method for cleaning the secondary space of a heat exchanger in particular a steam generator of a nuclear installation.
  • deposits which are present on the secondary side in a steam generator and which have formed there during operation are removed.
  • a heat exchanger has a primary and a secondary chamber, each of which flows through a primary or secondary coolant during operation.
  • the primary coolant heated while releasing a portion of its heat flowing through the secondary chamber secondary coolant.
  • a special heat exchanger is the steam generator of a nuclear installation. In a pressurized water reactor, the primary coolant heated in the reactor core is supplied to a steam generator. With the help of the steam generator, a secondary coolant is heated or evaporated, with which in turn a generator is operated to generate electricity.
  • the container and support of the heat exchanger tubes are usually made of carbon steel or other low alloy steels. During operation of the nuclear power plant, these parts are subject to corrosion.
  • Corrosion products mainly magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), settle as deposits on the surfaces of the secondary space of the heat exchange. These deposits and deposits mainly consist of magnetite, but also contain copper, nickel, zinc, chromium and other elements as well as their compounds.
  • a tube bundle of heat exchanger tubes extends into the secondary space.
  • the outer or shell sides of the heat exchanger tubes cover each other. On the shell side existing deposits are therefore difficult to remove.
  • other fixtures and brackets for mounting the heat exchanger tubes in the secondary chamber. Between the heat exchanger tubes and such support there are a number of hard to reach cracks and crevices in which deposits can accumulate.
  • the deposits present in the secondary space involve various technical problems.
  • the deposits present on the surface of the heat exchanger tubes lead to a deterioration of the heat transfer between the primary and the secondary coolant.
  • the deposits cause various damage mechanisms. For example, these can accelerate the corrosion of the affected components.
  • the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger is cleaned and freed as far as possible from the deposits.
  • a so-called maintenance cleaning can be carried out in addition to a complete cleaning. In such a maintenance cleaning only a part of the existing coverings is removed.
  • the aim of the maintenance cleaning is to remove the coverings to the extent that approximately the amount is removed from the steam generator, which has formed there since the last maintenance cleaning.
  • the state of the steam generator can be maintained or possibly slightly improved.
  • DE 102 38 730 A1 discloses such a chemical cleaning method.
  • the steam generator is filled with a cleaning solution containing a complexing agent for the dissolution of iron-containing deposits, and at pressures between 6 and 10 bar, and at temperatures when treated at about 140 0 C.
  • a cleaning solution containing a complexing agent for the dissolution of iron-containing deposits, and at pressures between 6 and 10 bar, and at temperatures when treated at about 140 0 C.
  • the cleaning solution is drained from the steam generator. If the deposits additionally contain copper or copper compounds, these are then treated with an alkaline cleaning solution. dissolved in the presence of an oxidizing agent and a complexing agent.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an alternative purification process which operates with improved efficiency and, accordingly, with reduced use of chemicals.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
  • the method according to the invention for cleaning the secondary space of a heat exchanger of the type mentioned at the outset comprises the following steps: deposits which are present in the secondary space are dried, the secondary space being dried by the sewer. customer coolant is mostly emptied. Subsequently, a cleaning solution is introduced into the secondary chamber.
  • the method according to the invention is based on the following considerations: It has been found that the deposits present in the secondary space of the heat exchanger are mechanically destabilized by drying. As a result, they at least partially burst from the surfaces of the secondary space.
  • the existing on the shell side of the heat exchanger tubes deposits are mainly solved and fall on the tubesheet. In this way, at least a portion of the deposits present on the surfaces of the secondary space can be removed without the use of chemicals.
  • the deposits removed in this way accumulate on the tubesheet of the heat exchanger.
  • the deposits still present on the surfaces are then at least partially removed with the aid of the cleaning solution introduced into the secondary chamber.
  • the method according to the invention is thus a combined physicochemical cleaning method.
  • the chemicals used to dissolve the deposits can be dispensed more sparingly for the following reasons.
  • the cleaning chemicals can be metered in substoichiometrically based on the mass of impurities present in the secondary space.
  • the accumulated on the tubesheet of the heat exchanger deposits offer, based on their mass, the cleaning solution to a relatively small surface.
  • the deposits still present on the surfaces of the secondary space have a comparatively large surface area, based on their mass.
  • the total surface area of the deposits present on the surfaces of the secondary space will generally be many times greater than the surface area of the deposits piled up on the tubesheet.
  • the cleaning solution used for cleaning the secondary space of the heat exchanger therefore does not have to completely dissolve the deposits and impurities present in the secondary space, and can therefore be metered under the stoichiometric amount, based on the total mass of the deposits.
  • it is merely waited until the deposits which are still present on the surfaces of the secondary space of the heat exchanger are dissolved.
  • the accumulated on the tube plate deposits are removed after draining the cleaning solution, for example by means of a mechanical cleaning process from the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger.
  • it can, for example, be rinsed (tube sheet lancing).
  • the physical drying step upstream of the dry cleaning which can be done, for example, by introducing hot air or inert gas, also causes the water contained in the surface pores and channels of the deposits to be removed.
  • pores present in the deposits may still be filled with water, so that, on the one hand, the penetration of cleaning solution is severely hindered, and, on the other hand, due to the presence of water, a local dilution which reduces the cleaning action takes place.
  • the cleaning solution Due to the upstream physical drying, the cleaning solution can penetrate practically undiluted into the pores and channels of the deposits. The cleaning solution is thus used more effectively than with conventional
  • the drying of the deposits present in the secondary space is effected by evacuating the secondary space.
  • the drying takes place both by negative pressure, as well as at elevated temperatures, for example by utilizing an operational residual heat.
  • Another advantageous effect is that a part of the cleaning solution evaporates when it is introduced into the still hot and additionally subjected to negative pressure secondary chamber.
  • the gaseous cleaning solution condenses on the coverings and precipitates preferentially in the pores and cracks (capillary condensation).
  • the drying of the deposits causes them to be mechanically destabilized and at least partially flake off the surface of the secondary space.
  • This effect can be enhanced by boiling the cleaning solution introduced into the secondary chamber according to another embodiment.
  • the cleaning solution present in the pores and cracks of the deposits also begins to boil.
  • the resulting in the pores and cracks, so in the interior of the deposits, overpressure leads to a mechanical destabilization of the same.
  • the heating of the cleaning solution can be effected or assisted by introducing superheated steam into the secondary chamber.
  • the introduced into the cleaning solution hot steam causes in addition to the heating that it is mixed.
  • the deposits which form in operation on the surfaces of the secondary space of a heat exchanger or steam generator, contain mainly iron oxide (magnetite), but partly also metallic copper and copper compounds.
  • Cleaning solutions can be used to dissolve these deposits, as can be seen from the above-mentioned DE 102 38 730 A1, EP 0 198 340 A1, DE 198 57 342 A1 or EP 0 273 182 A1.
  • the drying step according to the invention is carried out at least once, namely before the steam generator is filled with the cleaning solution.
  • Such an approach is for example when using cleaning chemicals according to DE 198 57 342 Al, in which the steam generator between the magnetite and the copper removal is not emptied attached.
  • a further drying step can take place after draining off the first cleaning solution.
  • such an intermediate drying step can also be used a process are carried out in which first the copper and then the magnetite is removed, as is apparent, for example from EP 0 198 340 Al.
  • the cleaning solutions used are particularly effective at a temperature between 40 0 C and 160 0 C.
  • the dissolved deposits are removed by draining the cleaning solution from the secondary chamber of the heat exchanger.
  • the unresolved deposits, which have accumulated predominantly at the bottom of the heat exchanger, are removed by mechanical cleaning, for example by rinsing, from the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is the steam generator of a nuclear installation.
  • the deposits consist mainly of magnetite.
  • Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic steam generator in a longitudinal section
  • Fig. 2 is a detail view of such a steam generator.
  • the heated in the reactor core of a pressurized water reactor primary coolant flows through the primary chamber 5 of the indicated in Fig. 1 steam generator 2.
  • the steam generator 2 In the lower part of the steam generator 2 is a plurality of U-shaped bent tubes 4, which are also referred to as a tube bundle. For green the sake of clarity, only two U-tubes 4 are shown.
  • the primary coolant entering the primary chamber 5 flows through the U-tubes 4 while giving off part of its heat to a secondary coolant present in the secondary chamber 6.
  • the steam generator 2 in the lower region of the secondary chamber 6 supplied, now heated or evaporated secondary refrigerant is removed from this in the upper area, and used to operate a generator.
  • deposits 12 are formed in the secondary chamber 6. These form in the region of the holders 8, but especially on the outer or shell sides of the U-tubes 4 themselves.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of the steam generator 2 known from FIG. 1 in the region of the bent U-tubes 4.
  • a U-tube 4 through which primary coolant flows is shown, which is held by a holder 8 and a bottom plate 10 penetrates into the primary region 5 opens.
  • the holder 8 and the U-tube 4 and the transitions between the bottom plate 10 and the U-tube 4, as well as on the shell side of the U-tubes 4 are themselves
  • the quantitatively predominant part of the deposits 12 is on the surface of the U-tubes 4 itself.
  • the secondary coolant is first discharged from the steam generator 2. Subsequently, the secondary space 6 subjected to a vacuum or evacuated. In this case, the negative pressure is chosen to be at least so great that at the given temperature the negative pressure is sufficient to evaporate the secondary coolant, usually water.
  • the secondary space 6 of the steam generator 2 is dried by introducing hot air. The impurities 12 dry very rapidly under the conditions described, with their surface forming cracks. As already mentioned, due to the loss of volume occurring during drying, the deposits partly burst from their base. The chipped
  • the secondary chamber 6 of the steam generator 2 is preferably kept under vacuum, while in this the cleaning solution is introduced.
  • the secondary chamber 6 of the steam generator 2 is preferably filled to the upper edge of the tube bundle with cleaning solution.
  • the cleaning solution used to dissolve the magnetite coatings contains a complex-forming acid, for example ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), an alkalizing agent, for example ammonia, morpholine or a mixture of the substances mentioned, and a reducing agent, for example hydrazine.
  • EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  • alkalizing agent for example ammonia, morpholine or a mixture of the substances mentioned
  • a reducing agent for example hydrazine.
  • other well-known cleaning solutions may also be used.
  • the cleaning solution is heated to a temperature in the range of 40 0 C to 160 0 C. This is preferably done by introducing hot steam into the steam generator.
  • the cleaning solution is heated by means of the main coolant pump via the primary circuit of the nuclear facility. If the cleaning solution heated to the extent that it boils, this leads to a thorough mixing of the cleaning solution.
  • inert gas is pressed into the steam generator for thorough mixing of the cleaning solution. Spent and unconsumed cleaning solution are mixed, in particular unused cleaning solution in places where still deposits 12 are present, so that they can be resolved.
  • the deposits 12 are additionally removed mechanically by the boiling cleaning solution from the surfaces of the steam generator.
  • the magnetite deposits dissolved by the cleaning solution are removed by draining the cleaning solution from the secondary chamber 6.
  • the remaining, not solved by the cleaning solution magnetite deposits, which are piled on the tube sheet 10 are removed mechanically, for example by rinsing the tube sheet 10, from the secondary chamber 6.
  • the copper-containing deposits 12 are dissolved by forming water-soluble complexes of the copper compounds.
  • a complexing agent for example, ethylenediamine (EDA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in amoniakalischer solution under oxidizing conditions is suitable. Oxidizing conditions are achieved, for example, by metering in hydrogen peroxide and / or blowing in air or oxygen.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé physico-chimique de nettoyage de la chambre secondaire d'un échangeur de chaleur d'une installation nucléaire, selon lequel la chambre secondaire (6) est séchée. Une solution de nettoyage est utilisée pour traiter les dépôts présents dans la chambre secondaire (6).
EP08871095.9A 2008-01-18 2008-12-23 Procédé de nettoyage d'un échangeur de chaleur Not-in-force EP2244848B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008005199.3A DE102008005199B4 (de) 2008-01-18 2008-01-18 Verfahren zur Reinigung eines Wärmetauschers
PCT/EP2008/068258 WO2009089991A2 (fr) 2008-01-18 2008-12-23 Procédé de nettoyage d'un échangeur de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2244848A2 true EP2244848A2 (fr) 2010-11-03
EP2244848B1 EP2244848B1 (fr) 2015-04-08

Family

ID=40765514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08871095.9A Not-in-force EP2244848B1 (fr) 2008-01-18 2008-12-23 Procédé de nettoyage d'un échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20100313913A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2244848B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5627468B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20100123696A (fr)
AR (1) AR070183A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2706303A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008005199B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2537807T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009089991A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8459277B2 (en) 2008-12-03 2013-06-11 Dominion Engineering, Inc. Chemical cleaning method and system with steam injection
DE102010039413B4 (de) * 2010-08-17 2012-03-29 Areva Np Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entnahme einer Probe aus einem Dampferzeuger
CN103182389B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2016-01-27 中国原子能科学研究院 一种反应堆换热器的物理化学混合清洗工艺
EP3051247B1 (fr) 2013-09-24 2017-11-15 GD Energy Services S.a.r.l. Procédé de nettoyage chimique pour des échangeurs de chaleur
JP7067217B2 (ja) * 2018-04-09 2022-05-16 株式会社Soken 熱交換装置
JP6938421B2 (ja) * 2018-04-17 2021-09-22 株式会社神戸製鋼所 流体流路装置
US20220331846A1 (en) * 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 BWXT Isotope Technology Group, Inc. Clean-in-place and product recovery method

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2011511918A (ja) 2011-04-14
DE102008005199B4 (de) 2014-01-23
JP5627468B2 (ja) 2014-11-19
CA2706303A1 (fr) 2009-07-23
WO2009089991A3 (fr) 2009-12-10
WO2009089991A2 (fr) 2009-07-23
ES2537807T3 (es) 2015-06-12
KR20100123696A (ko) 2010-11-24
EP2244848B1 (fr) 2015-04-08
DE102008005199A1 (de) 2009-07-30
US20100313913A1 (en) 2010-12-16
AR070183A1 (es) 2010-03-17

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