Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
  • A61B17/1662—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
  • A61B17/1664—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip
  • A61B17/1668—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip for the upper femur
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
  • A61B17/1659—Surgical rasps, files, planes, or scrapers
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
  • A61B17/1662—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
  • A61B17/1664—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip
  • A61B17/1666—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the hip for the acetabulum
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
  • A61B17/1662—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
  • A61B17/1684—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the shoulder
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/0023—Surgical instruments, devices or methods disposable
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00526—Methods of manufacturing

Definitions

• Cutting element for a tool for shaping a bone surface and tool thus equipped.
• the invention relates to the field of surgical instruments, and more particularly to tools intended to give a precise conformation to a bone surface, for example prior to the fitting of a prosthesis.
• bone surface in the remainder of the description will be designated both a natural external surface (for example an acetabular cavity of the pelvis receiving a femoral head or the glenoid cavity of a scapula receiving the humeral head) that an internal surface to which the surgeon has access following the section of a bone part (for example the medullary cavity of a long bone such as a femur or a humerus, which becomes accessible after the section of the femoral or femoral head for the femoral component or humeral hip or shoulder prosthesis).
• a natural external surface for example an acetabular cavity of the pelvis receiving a femoral head or the glenoid cavity of a scapula receiving the humeral head
• an internal surface to which the surgeon has access following the section of a bone part for example the medullary cavity of a long bone such as a femur or a humerus, which becomes accessible after the section of the femoral
• acetabular implant When placing a hip prosthesis, a prerequisite for the placement of the acetabular implant is the preparation by the surgeon of the surface of the natural acetabulum, so as to give it the most suitable shape for maintaining the implant .
• This step is particularly important especially when using implants which are placed purely by impaction (technique called "press fit"), without the use of a sealing material, and for which the shape of the rectified acetabular cavity must be rigorously adapted to that of the posterior face of the implant to ensure optimal maintenance of the latter after its introduction.
• This conformation of the acetabulum is performed by the surgeon using an "acetabulum cutter", that is to say an instrument that can be rotated and which carries at its end a removably removable cutting element. to be replaced when necessary.
• This cutting element is of hemispherical general shape, and has asperities forming blades that cut the wall of the acetabulum and rectify it by giving it the desired shape and dimensions.
• This cutting element is usually made of a single material such as stainless steel.
• This cutting element has the disadvantage of being expensive to produce, because it is an expensive material and requires complex machining during its last manufacturing step. In addition, it wears gradually during use and therefore loses its effectiveness. It must therefore be replaced regularly, unless it can be reworked to restore its cutting capabilities. Such a reworking is in any case difficult, can not be practiced on the surgical site and renders the instrument unusable for a certain period if a replacement element is not immediately available. And in the long run, these re-creations can end up modifying its dimensions in an unacceptable way. Above all, between each use of the element, it is necessary to clean, decontaminate and sterilize it carefully, and keep this sterile character up to the operating room. The management of these cutting elements by the hospital site, to ensure their constant availability under adequate conditions, is therefore complex. If it fails, it may lead to deprogramming an operation at the last moment.
• the object of the invention is to provide cutting elements for conformation tools for bone surfaces, in particular for acetabulets, having a lower manufacturing cost than existing cutting elements, as well as optimum efficiency.
• the subject of the invention is a cutting element for a tool for shaping a bone surface, characterized in that it comprises:
• a plurality of blade members made of a metallic material, each provided with at least one cutting edge;
• a support made of a material different from that of the blade elements; said blade members being integral with the support during manufacture of the cutting element and having a tubular shape and having a cutting edge at at least one of their ends, and in that they comprise a longitudinal axis (XX) having an inclination of an angle ( ⁇ ) with respect to the surface of the support, this angle ( ⁇ ) being between 35 and 45 °.
• Said support can be made of polymer, plastic or elastomer. Said support may have been made by overmolding around said blade elements.
• Said support may have been produced by blowing, and the previously machined blade elements have been mechanically implanted therein.
• the support may have an internal cavity.
• Said blade elements may have on their outer surface asperities and / or depressions promoting their attachment to the support.
• the general shape of the cutting element can be hemispherical or almost spherical.
• the invention also relates to a tool for shaping a bone surface, characterized in that it comprises at its end a removable cutting element of the above type.
• the cutting element of a shaping tool of a bone surface is produced in the form of a single piece, machined so as to provide it with the blade asperities ensuring the cutting of the bone surface, but in the form of a multi-material part.
• the cutting of the bone is provided by a series of pieces forming asperities on the outer surface of the element, and each having for this purpose a cutting edge forming a blade.
• These parts are made of a normally metallic material, identical or comparable to those used to produce conventional monobloc cutting elements, and are integrated, for example by overmolding, to a base material forming the remainder of the element. This base material must be sufficiently rigid to maintain the cutting parts, but may be of a less expensive type than that of cutting parts, for example a polymer such as PMMA or a plastic material, or even elastomer.
• these cutting pieces are constituted by tubular elements having a cutting edge forming a blade, and whose longitudinal axis is inclined relative to the perpendicular to the surface of the base material of the element of an angle included between 35 and 45 °.
• the cutting elements can be made in large series, by peeling, and using a relatively small amount of material, which reduces the overall cost of the raw materials used for the manufacture of the element and the costs related to the manufacture of the elements. metal parts of the element.
• the base material constituting the support of these cutting elements its material cost is low, and overmolding or blowing which optimally allows it to integrate the cutting elements is a simple and quick to perform, requiring no that molds and an injection machine do not pose particular problems of design and implementation.
• FIG. 1 shows a front view of an example of a device according to the invention, in this case a head of general shape; hemispherical intended to be mounted on a conformation tool of an acetabulum;
• FIGS. 1 to 3 An example of a device according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a cutting element 1 intended to be mounted at the end of an organ drive, for the conformation of an acetabular cup cavity or a glenoid scapula cavity. It comprises, according to the invention:
• a series of blade elements 2 made of a metallic material, made of stainless steel for example, which, in the example shown, have a generally cylindrical tubular shape, that is to say that they have a cavity longitudinal 3 which passes right through them;
• a rigid support 4 made of polymer or a plastic material, for example PMMA or PET, of generally hemispherical shape in the example shown, in which said blade elements are integrated and firmly anchored.
• This support 4 has means (not shown) which conventionally allow it to be removably attached to the end of a tool with which the surgeon can print a rotational movement to the device. These means are adapted to the precise tool to which the cutting element 1 is intended.
• the hemispherical portion of the support 4 may be extended by a short cylindrical portion which in some cases will facilitate the gripping of the support 4 by the tool.
• This tool which can be moved either manually or motorized, is of a type known in itself and does not need to be further described and shown. If the support 4 is made of a transparent plastic material, the surgeon has the opportunity to see the appearance of the cut surface during operation, without having to interrupt it and remove the shaping tool, which is an additional advantage over an all-metal cutting element. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 2, the elements forming blades
• the blade elements 2 are arranged in the support 4 so that:
• a feature of the invention lies in the fact of producing the only functional parts of the cutting element 1 in an expensive metallic material to be prepared and machined, the part 4 supporting them being made of a material Low cost.
• tubular configuration of the blade elements 2 (which is not necessarily cylindrical but could be truncated or otherwise) is that if, as in the example shown, it is coupled to a support 4 presenting itself after overmolding an internal cavity 8 left free, at least in part, after the attachment of the element 1 on the shaping tool of the acetabular cavity, the shavings of bone resulting from the conformation have the possibility to be evacuated through the cavities 3 of the blade elements 2. They are thus trapped in the cavity 8 of the support 4 and do not hinder the progress of the continuation of the conformation. It can also be expected that even during the operation they can be extracted from the cavity 8 of the support 4 by a suction device connected to the shaping tool.
• a simple and effective method consists in machining the blade elements 2 by cutting and arrange on a support giving them the desired locations and orientations. Then is made on them overmoulding of the plastic material constituting the support 4, so as to integrate them. This can be done in a manner that is perfectly conventional for those skilled in the art, by means of an injection machine comprising a mold of suitable shape. It is simply necessary to avoid that during overmoulding, plastic material enters the cavities 3 of the blade elements 2 and does not mouth, unless after complete solidification of the support 4 is unclogged cavities 3.
• Another method for manufacturing the cutting element 1 consists in blowing a polymeric material (such as PET) the support 4 and then mechanically implanting the blade elements 2 previously machined.
• a polymeric material such as PET
• each blade member 2 On the outer surface of each blade member 2 an annular protuberance 9 of triangular section. This prevents the blade elements 2 to slide in the support 4 along their longitudinal axis X-X.
• other elements could be provided, for example asperities or longitudinal grooves, which would prevent a sliding rotation of the blades.
• the blade elements 2 during the manufacture of the blade elements 2, one can confer on them a completely symmetrical shape, in particular by providing a cutting edge 5 at each of their ends.
• Another variant of the invention consists in conferring on the material of the support 4 a certain flexibility, for example by producing it in elastomer. In this way, it can facilitate the conformation of the bone surface by making it more progressive, the support 4 tending more to conform to the initial shape of the surface than if it were made of a very rigid material.
• a conformation tool of a cotyloid cavity a flexible tool can be used in a first step of the conformation to ensure a roughing thereof.
• Another variant of the invention may consist in conferring on the support 4 a non-hemispherical, but almost spherical, shape and in arranging the elements forming blades 2 on either side of the equator of the sphere portion. .
• the correct conformation of the acetabular cavity is less dependent on the inclination of the cutting tool, and this facilitates the work of the surgeon.
• the blade members 2 may extend at an angle of 270 ° against a maximum of 180 ° for a hemispherical surface.
• the blade elements 2 may for example have a diameter of
• the support 4 can have a diameter of 18mm (for veterinary medicine) to 65mm. It goes without saying that the cutting elements of the invention can be used to conform other bone surfaces that acetabulum, if we want to give them a shape shaped portion of sphere.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Medical Informatics (AREA)
• Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
• Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Prostheses (AREA)
• Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2008
  • 2008-03-17 FR FR0851701A patent/FR2928533A1/fr active Pending
• 2009
  • 2009-03-17 WO PCT/FR2009/050438 patent/WO2009122085A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2009-03-17 EP EP09726861A patent/EP2254484A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-03-17 US US12/736,192 patent/US20110196374A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2009-03-17 JP JP2011500267A patent/JP2011515135A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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