EP2276320A1 - Bougie pour moteurs à combustion, systèmes d'échappement et éléments chauffants - Google Patents

Bougie pour moteurs à combustion, systèmes d'échappement et éléments chauffants Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2276320A1
EP2276320A1 EP10169659A EP10169659A EP2276320A1 EP 2276320 A1 EP2276320 A1 EP 2276320A1 EP 10169659 A EP10169659 A EP 10169659A EP 10169659 A EP10169659 A EP 10169659A EP 2276320 A1 EP2276320 A1 EP 2276320A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spiral
cobalt
alloy
resistor
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10169659A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Cristiano Bondiani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETECNO 1 Srl
Original Assignee
ETECNO 1 Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETECNO 1 Srl filed Critical ETECNO 1 Srl
Publication of EP2276320A1 publication Critical patent/EP2276320A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C3/00—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids
    • H01C3/14—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops continuously wound as a spiral, helical or toroidal winding
    • H01C3/16—Non-adjustable metal resistors made of wire or ribbon, e.g. coiled, woven or formed as grids the resistive element being formed in two or more coils or loops continuously wound as a spiral, helical or toroidal winding including two or more distinct wound elements or two or more winding patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/027—Heaters specially adapted for glow plug igniters

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a resistive wire or filament made of a cobalt-iron alloy, according to a percentage ratio defined in the following, and adapted to increase the technical effects obtainable in applications such as liquid heaters, exhaust gas systems, internal combustion engines.
  • the prior art relating the manufacturing of dual-filament electrical heaters uses two series resistors, of them, the back resistor is made of an cobalt-iron alloy, wherein the iron percentage is between 6% and 18%.
  • This cobalt-iron alloy has the characteristic of increasing its resistance as the temperature increases, therefore allowing a low resistance when the current flows with consequent low heating initial times with a cold back spiral, while, once the back spiral is warmed up, the heater substantially decreases its current absorption keeping the maximum temperature in an allowable range for the involved alloys.
  • the alloy of the regulating or stabilizing element of the present invention is backwardly located; because the operative temperature of the cobalt-iron alloy is lower than that of the other generally used alloys for high temperatures, this fact advantageously allows to position the latter, in the front portion where the operative temperature of the system must arrive to the maximum values, inside the combustion chamber.
  • the object of the present invention consists of providing an improved resistive filament for glow plugs for internal combustion engines, heaters and exhaust gas systems, formed in its back portion by a cobalt-iron alloy, capable of causing a greater increase of the resistivity as a function of the temperature, by simultaneously keeping almost constant the increase in the first 900°C, particularly between 850°C and 900°C, in that range where the stabilizing spiral of the resistor must drastically reduce the current flow.
  • Another object consists of providing a filament having a cobalt percentage sufficient to obtain an abrupt increase of the resistance when the temperature approaches the maximum operative temperature of the filament itself.
  • the cobalt-iron alloy uses iron in a percentage lower than 6%, and particularly lower than 5%.
  • a dual-filament pre-heating glow plug which uses as stabilizing spiral a material with a more defined increase of the resistivity as a function of the temperature, particularly in the last 100°C, will have at the same time three important characteristics of the finished product:
  • the invention has been envisioned by studying the most common alloys used for resistive filaments capable of increasing their resistance as a function of the temperature.
  • cobalt based alloys there are the cobalt based alloys; it has been envisioned of manufacturing a resistive filament having a very high percentage of cobalt, because cobalt is the material which has the best resistivity variation as the temperature increases.
  • a preferred composition of an alloy obtaining what mentioned before is the following: Fe: 4.6%; Co: 95%; others: ⁇ 1%.
  • the stabilizing resistance obtained with the new alloy shows an extremer behaviour than the commonly used alloy.
  • 10 generally indicates a glow plug comprising, inside, a resistive winding with two series-connected spiral resistors indicated at 1 and 2.
  • a resistor consists of a material acting as a heating element, while the other resistor acts, due to its high temperature coefficient, as an adjusting element or stabilizing spiral.
  • the spiral resistor 2 located at the tip, that is on the combustion chamber side consists of a material suitable to act as a heating element, while the spiral resistor 1, located far from the combustion chamber, acts, due to its high positive resistivity, as a function of the temperature, as an adjusting element, and consists of a cobalt-iron alloy.
  • the spiral resistor 1 acting as a back adjusting element is a spiral resistor formed by a cobalt-iron alloy that is less than 6%: COFe4 in the example considered in the following.
  • the spiral resistor 2 of the heating element is a spiral resistor formed by another alloy different from the one of the resistor 1.
  • Both the glow plugs comprised two series-connected spiral resistors, of which a resistor, which was the same for both, acted as a heating element formed by an alloy having a constant resistivity as a function of the temperature, while the second resistor, due to its high positive temperature coefficient, acted as an adjusting element or stabilizing spiral.
  • said adjusting element or stabilizing spiral
  • said adjusting element was formed by a cobalt-iron alloy having an identical geometry: the prior art alloy was a CoFe8 alloy, while the alloy of the invention was a CoFe4.
  • the two test glow plugs were supplied by a direct current at a constant voltage of 10V and the reference temperature was detected by an optical pyrometer oriented in the hottest area of the back stabilizing spiral, while the resistance was obtained by the ratio between the supplying voltage and the absorbed current of the glow plug. From that it was obtained the resistivity based on the cross-section and the length of the wire of the spiral itself.
  • the first column shows the temperature trend
  • the other two columns show the multiplication factor of the resistivity as a function of the temperature, referred to the present alloy and a known reference alloy.
  • Fm p t / pi
  • Fm is the multiplication factor
  • p(t) is the resistivity of the alloy at a given temperature
  • pi is the resistivity of the alloy at a temperature of 20°C.
  • the graph shown in Figure 1 of the attached drawing is obtained from the table.
  • the solid line illustrates the trend of a resistive filament comprising the new low-content iron alloy, for example the alloy CoFe4, while the dotted line shows the trend of a conventional alloy, for example, a cobalt-iron alloy having a percentage of iron of about 8%.
  • the ordinate represents the temperature in Celsius degrees, while the abscissa represents the above described multiplication factor Fm .
  • the multiplication factor Fm increase of the new alloy is greater than one of a known alloy: the increase is 3.26 times with respect to 2.75 of the known alloy.
  • the iron percentage is the minimum amount necessary for obtaining a multiplication factor ( Fm ) of the resistivity as a function of the temperature greater than 3.
  • the present alloy can be used as a resistive filament for glow plugs of internal combustion engines and/or heaters for generic use or for exhaust systems; the back portion of said filament comprises a FeCo alloy, wherein the iron is present in a percentage less than 6% and particularly less than 5%, preferably 4.6%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP10169659A 2009-07-16 2010-07-15 Bougie pour moteurs à combustion, systèmes d'échappement et éléments chauffants Withdrawn EP2276320A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000056A ITPR20090056A1 (it) 2009-07-16 2009-07-16 Filamento resistivo per elementi riscaldatori e candelette per motori a combustione interna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2276320A1 true EP2276320A1 (fr) 2011-01-19

Family

ID=41651029

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10169659A Withdrawn EP2276320A1 (fr) 2009-07-16 2010-07-15 Bougie pour moteurs à combustion, systèmes d'échappement et éléments chauffants

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2276320A1 (fr)
IT (1) ITPR20090056A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPR20110093A1 (it) * 2011-11-05 2013-05-06 Etecno 1 S R L Apparato riscaldatore con dispositivo di sicurezza

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0950858A2 (fr) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd Bougie à incandescence
US20040206742A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-10-21 Fleming Circle Associates, Llc Glow plug
DE102004025854A1 (de) * 2004-05-24 2005-12-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0950858A2 (fr) * 1998-04-15 1999-10-20 Ngk Spark Plug Co., Ltd Bougie à incandescence
US20040206742A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-10-21 Fleming Circle Associates, Llc Glow plug
DE102004025854A1 (de) * 2004-05-24 2005-12-29 Vacuumschmelze Gmbh & Co. Kg Glühstiftkerze für Brennkraftmaschine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITPR20110093A1 (it) * 2011-11-05 2013-05-06 Etecno 1 S R L Apparato riscaldatore con dispositivo di sicurezza

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITPR20090056A1 (it) 2011-01-17

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