EP2311044B1 - Verfahren zur behandlung einer struktur mit natrium und einer radioaktiven substanz - Google Patents

Verfahren zur behandlung einer struktur mit natrium und einer radioaktiven substanz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2311044B1
EP2311044B1 EP09784222A EP09784222A EP2311044B1 EP 2311044 B1 EP2311044 B1 EP 2311044B1 EP 09784222 A EP09784222 A EP 09784222A EP 09784222 A EP09784222 A EP 09784222A EP 2311044 B1 EP2311044 B1 EP 2311044B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sodium
slits
cladding
treatment method
cesium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09784222A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2311044A1 (de
Inventor
Serge Sellier
Janick Verdelli
Joël GODLEWSKI
Michel Soucille
Sandrine Poulain
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the field of the treatment of nuclear waste.
  • Cesium is one of the main contaminants in the sodium that is the heat transfer medium of a "RNR-Na" nuclear reactor. For safety reasons, it is necessary to extract radioactive isotopes from cesium in order to reduce the radiological activity of sodium during or after reactor operation. For this, sodium contaminated with cesium is liquefied and filtered through a cesium trap.
  • This trap generally comprises a porous structure protected by a sheath.
  • This is for example a cross-linked vitreous carbon cartridge called "RVC cartridge” described below.
  • the cesium trap Although during the filtration the cesium trap retains mainly cesium adsorption, it has to disadvantage of also keeping some of the sodium in its pores.
  • the solid sodium can be treated by a carbonation reaction, in which the soda obtained by the hydrolysis reaction is then converted into carbonate by adding carbon dioxide in gaseous form according to the following reactions: Na + H 2 O ⁇ NaOH + 1/2 H 2 CO 2 + H 2 O ⁇ H 2 CO 3 NaOH + H 2 CO 3 ⁇ NaHCO 3 + H 2 O NaOH + NaHCO 3 Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 O Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 CO 3 ⁇ 2 NaHCO 3
  • the carbonation treatment has the advantage of generating as final waste carbonate in solid form.
  • the constraint related to the formation of thin layers means that this installation can not be used to treat sodium that is difficult to access, such as sodium contained in the porous structure of a cesium trap.
  • Such cuts may cause contamination of the cutting tools by the radioactive material such as cesium 137.
  • One of the aims of the invention is therefore to provide a method for treating a structure comprising a radioactive material and sodium which is difficult to access, this method having the particular advantages of being easily controllable, of producing solid waste which does not require further processing and minimizing the operations to be performed in the presence of radioactive material.
  • the object of the invention thus relates to a sodium treatment method contained in the interconnected open pores of a structure placed in a sheath, the pores also containing a radioactive material.
  • One of the essential points at the origin of the treatment process of the invention is the advantage of the fact that the carbonate formed during the carbonation reaction has a greater volume than the volume originally occupied by sodium within the pores.
  • the carbonation reaction is therefore conducted in such a way that the volume expansion of the carbonate advantageously makes it possible to cause the opening of the sheath from the slits which have been made there and then of the structure.
  • step (a) and / or (b) of the process of the invention is most often carried out in a confinement enclosure such as a box. gloves or an armored cell in which, as indicated above, it is sought to limit the cutting operations.
  • the treatment method according to the invention has the advantage of producing only waste solids (carbonate and radioactive material) and gaseous (hydrogen) that do not require further treatment.
  • carbonate is a stable and inert product, especially with respect to air.
  • the treatment method of the invention is easily controllable since the carbonation reaction can be slowed down by decreasing the proportion of water vapor in the reaction gas mixture, or even stopped by replacing this mixture with an inert gas.
  • the release of heat or hydrogen or the dissemination of the radioactive material resulting from the carbonation reaction can thus be easily limited.
  • the method of the invention also has the advantage that it allows to treat in a single operation a larger number of structures such as cesium traps, which is a significant economic advantage .
  • the structure treated by the process of the invention (which is generally a filter element) is composed of crosslinked vitreous carbon and / or the radioactive material it contains comprises at least one of the radioactive isotopes.
  • cesium such as cesium 137.
  • the process of the invention is then more particularly intended for the treatment of a cesium trap such as a "RVC cartridge".
  • a cesium trap such as a "RVC cartridge”.
  • the reaction gas mixture which penetrates through the slits and possibly the ends of the structure is preferably constituted by a mole fraction of 0.5% to 5.5% of water vapor, of 5% to 25% of carbon dioxide, the remainder being inert gas (ie a chemically inert gas, such as for example a rare gas or nitrogen).
  • This mixture causes a reaction with sodium, which has the particular result of producing a carbonate composed essentially of sodium carbonate Na 2 CO 3 and / or sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO 3 .
  • the gaseous reaction mixture is constituted by a 3.5 to 4% molar fraction of water vapor, from 10% to 20% of carbon dioxide. the remainder being inert gas, optionally heated to between 35 ° C and 45 ° C.
  • the treatment method of the invention is generally carried out in an enclosure for confining the carbonation reaction. Due to the presence of radioactive material within the structure to be treated, this enclosure is generally a glove box.
  • the enclosure and its associated modules are described below.
  • This enclosure makes it possible to confine the carbonation reaction and in particular the radioactive material that is contained in the structure before and after treatment.
  • orifices and connections necessary for connection to a system for preparing the gaseous reaction mixture and the exhaust gas outlet.
  • These orifices will preferably be provided with sintered stainless steel metal filters (for example those marketed by SYNTHERTEC) in order to avoid any dust extraction of possibly contaminated sodium carbonate.
  • the structure to be treated may be placed in the enclosure on a support in order to optimize the contact with the reaction gas mixture and promote the expansion due to the carbonate.
  • the carbonation reaction is carried out using a reaction gas mixture comprising water vapor, carbon dioxide and a gas inert with respect to the sodium (preferably nitrogen).
  • the gas mixing module makes it possible to control the composition, the temperature (and therefore the hygrometry) as well as the flow rate of the gaseous reaction mixture.
  • the humidity of the gas is below the saturation limit determined with safety margins to avoid any condensation of water on the walls of the treatment chamber, the inlet and outlet pipes and those used for the module. gas analysis. This may require heating the affected elements.
  • This module makes it possible to determine the composition and hygrometry i) of the reaction gas mixture upstream of the treatment enclosure and ii) the gaseous effluents downstream of the enclosure, in particular to ensure the progress of the reaction. of carbonation.
  • It generally comprises a chromatograph which makes it possible to measure the contents of inert gas (such as nitrogen), hydrogen, carbon dioxide or oxygen.
  • inert gas such as nitrogen
  • hydrogen such as hydrogen
  • carbon dioxide or oxygen.
  • the hydrogen content upstream of the treatment chamber is a good indicator of the completeness of the carbonation reaction.
  • Another parameter for monitoring the progress of the carbonation reaction is the evolution of the mass of the structure to be treated.
  • a device allows to continuously evacuate the chamber gases while maintaining a slight overpressure.
  • the associated evacuation line is conventionally provided with an anti-gas return device and a filtration device to prevent the dissemination of radioactive material into the outside atmosphere.
  • the nuclear industry usually uses a "RVC cartridge” to extract the various radioactive isotopes of cesium (including cesium-137) from the sodium component of the heat transfer medium of a "RNR-Na" nuclear reactor.
  • Such a cartridge generally consists of a cross-linked vitreous carbon (RVC) structure placed in a tubular steel casing closed at both ends by a filter, which can be wholly or partly removed so that the reaction gas mixture also enters through through these ends.
  • RVC cross-linked vitreous carbon
  • the crosslinked vitreous carbon is a material with open porosity which has a bulk density close to 0.06 g / cm 3 . It comprises interconnected open pores, 60% of which have a diameter of between 10 and 300 ⁇ m.
  • Part of the primary circuit of a "RNR-Na” reactor is filtered using a "RVC cartridge".
  • the cartridge contains in its pores radioactive cesium and residual sodium.
  • This cartridge is then placed in a glove box heated to a temperature that is a function of the moisture content used, in order to treat it using the method of the invention.
  • the treatment temperature is generally between 15 ° C and 45 ° C.
  • the weld points present on the sheath are removed by grinding or with the aid of the cutting tool in order to eliminate any point of resistance to the subsequent opening of the cartridge under the action of the expansion.
  • carbonate Na 2 CO 3 and NaHCO 3 in the present case.
  • the metallic sheath is in the form of two semi-tubular shells that retain some cohesion because of the adhesive effect of the sodium contained in the RVC structure.
  • reaction gas mixture comprising in molar fraction, between 3.5 and 4% of water vapor, between 10 and 20% of carbon dioxide and the rest of nitrogen is introduced into the glove box according to a continuous flow.
  • the value of the flow is such that it allows to maintain within the treatment chamber a composition of the atmosphere favoring the continuous progression of the carbonation reaction. This value usually depends on the volume of the treatment chamber. In this case, the volume being equal to 550 liters, the flow rate is set at 8.7 liters / minute.
  • the progress of the carbonation reaction is monitored using a chromatograph type gas analysis system which measures downstream of the glove box the hydrogen content (expressed as molar percentage of hydrogen evolved).
  • the hydrogen content also makes it possible to calculate, in cumulative value, the treated sodium mass (expressed in grams) using the stoichiometric coefficients of the soda formation reaction: Na + H 2 O ⁇ NaOH + 1/2 H 2 .
  • the end of the treatment can be easily revealed by the absence of hydrogen evolution, despite the continued introduction of the reaction gas mixture into the treatment chamber.
  • the "RVC cartridge” no longer presents a chemical risk. It can now integrate conventional channels for the disposal of contaminated waste in order to eliminate the remaining radiological risk due to radioactive isotopes of cesium.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Verfahren zur Behandlung von Natrium das in den miteinander verbundenen offenen Poren einer Struktur, die sich in einer Hülle befindet, enthalten ist, die Poren enthalten ausserdem eine radioaktive Substanz,
    das Verfahren umfasst die folgenden aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte:
    a) über die gesamte Länge der Hülle werden mindestens zwei Schlitze gemacht;
    b) besagtes Natrium wird mittels einer Karbonatisierungsreaktion in Natriumkarbonat umgewandelt, wobei die Struktur über besagte Schlitze mit einem reaktiven Gasgemisch welches Dampf, Kohlendioxid und ein gegenüber Natrium inertes Gas enthält, derart in Kontakt gebracht wird, dass die Ausdehnung des Karbonats die Öffnung der Hülle und der Struktur, ausgehend von besagten Schlitzen, bewirkt und zur Folge hat, dass die Karbonatisierungsreaktion sich innerhalb der Struktur fortsetzt.
  2. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1, wobei besagte Struktur aus retikulierter Glasfaser besteht.
  3. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei besagte radio-aktive Substanz mindestens eines der radioaktiven Cäsium Isotope enthält, wie Cäsium 137.
  4. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche wobei die Hülle im Wesentlichen röhrenförmig ist und wobei mindestens zwei diametral entgegengesetzte Schlitze in Verfahrensstufe a) gemacht werden.
  5. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche wobei besagtes reaktives Gasgemisch in molaren Anteilen aus 0.5% bis 5.5% Dampf, 5% bis 25% Kohlendioxid besteht, der Rest ist ein Inertgas.
  6. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 5 wobei besagtes reaktives Gasgemisch in molaren Anteilen aus 3.5% bis 4% Dampf, 10% bis 20% Kohlendioxid besteht, der Rest ist ein Inertgas.
  7. Verfahren gemäss einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei Stufe (a) und/oder Stufe (b) in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse wie in einer Glove Box oder einer heissen Zelle durchgeführt wird.
EP09784222A 2008-06-25 2009-06-24 Verfahren zur behandlung einer struktur mit natrium und einer radioaktiven substanz Active EP2311044B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0803541A FR2933227B1 (fr) 2008-06-25 2008-06-25 Procede de traitement d'une structure contenant du sodium et une matiere radioactive
PCT/FR2009/000760 WO2010007236A1 (fr) 2008-06-25 2009-06-24 Procede de traitement d'une structure contenant du sodium et une matiere radioactive

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2311044A1 EP2311044A1 (de) 2011-04-20
EP2311044B1 true EP2311044B1 (de) 2012-03-07

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EP09784222A Active EP2311044B1 (de) 2008-06-25 2009-06-24 Verfahren zur behandlung einer struktur mit natrium und einer radioaktiven substanz

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US (1) US8206677B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2311044B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5419975B2 (de)
CN (1) CN102077300B (de)
AT (1) ATE548737T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2383274T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2933227B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2492535C2 (de)
WO (1) WO2010007236A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2982407B1 (fr) 2011-11-03 2013-12-27 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de traitement d'une gaine contenant de l'hydrure de calcium fritte.
US8871991B2 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-10-28 Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc Method for stabilizing fuel containing reactive sodium metal
FR3008222B1 (fr) * 2013-07-08 2015-07-31 Commissariat Energie Atomique Procede de traitement d'une aiguille absorbante contenant du carbure de bore contamine et du sodium.
CN207038182U (zh) * 2017-03-29 2018-02-23 泰拉能源有限责任公司 铯收集器
CN113409978B (zh) * 2021-06-16 2024-12-13 中核龙原科技有限公司 一种放射性废钠处理系统和方法
CN116867210A (zh) * 2022-03-28 2023-10-10 富联精密电子(天津)有限公司 模组固定装置及信息处理系统

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JPS6043447A (ja) * 1983-08-17 1985-03-08 Hitachi Ltd 液体金属精製装置
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Publication number Publication date
JP5419975B2 (ja) 2014-02-19
JP2011525979A (ja) 2011-09-29
RU2010151354A (ru) 2012-07-27
ATE548737T1 (de) 2012-03-15
US8206677B2 (en) 2012-06-26
FR2933227A1 (fr) 2010-01-01
FR2933227B1 (fr) 2010-07-30
CN102077300B (zh) 2014-04-23
CN102077300A (zh) 2011-05-25
WO2010007236A1 (fr) 2010-01-21
RU2492535C2 (ru) 2013-09-10
ES2383274T3 (es) 2012-06-19
EP2311044A1 (de) 2011-04-20
US20110098521A1 (en) 2011-04-28

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