EP2361298A1 - Verfahren zur reduzierung des 3-mcpd-gehalts in raffinierten pflanzenöllen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reduzierung des 3-mcpd-gehalts in raffinierten pflanzenöllenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2361298A1 EP2361298A1 EP09771302A EP09771302A EP2361298A1 EP 2361298 A1 EP2361298 A1 EP 2361298A1 EP 09771302 A EP09771302 A EP 09771302A EP 09771302 A EP09771302 A EP 09771302A EP 2361298 A1 EP2361298 A1 EP 2361298A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- bleaching
- acid
- bleaching earth
- degummed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 110
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CCl SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 14
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011973 solid acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000716 Acceptable daily intake Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000715 Mucilage Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylboronic acid Chemical compound OB(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HXITXNWTGFUOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013555 soy sauce Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000294754 Macroptilium atropurpureum Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAJFGLZHUIUNSS-NSHDSACASA-N benzyl (2s)-2-amino-5-[[amino(nitramido)methylidene]amino]pentanoate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 FAJFGLZHUIUNSS-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229930002868 chlorophyll a Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007886 mutagenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000299 mutagenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010773 plant oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/006—Refining fats or fatty oils by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
- C11B3/14—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation with the use of indifferent gases or vapours, e.g. steam
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for refining oils wherein a crude oil is first degummed to obtain a degummed oil, the degummed oil is mixed with a bleaching earth and bleached to obtain a bleached oil which separates the bleaching earth from the bleached oil so that a filter oil is obtained and the filter oil is desorbed.
- bleaching earths are used to remove turbidity, discoloration or even to remove oxidation accelerators. Adsorptive cleaning significantly improves the taste, color and storage stability of oils and fats.
- different classes of bleaching earths are used.
- HPBE High Performance Bleaching Earth.
- this group comprises acid-reacted montmorillonites, the acid activation being carried out in a complex process by dealuminating the crude clays with concentrated acids at high temperatures, usually at boiling heat. In this process, a bleaching earth product with a very high specific surface area and a large pore volume is obtained.
- a disadvantage of these highly active bleaching earths is the fact that dealuminating with acid during production results in large quantities of acidic salt-rich waste waters, which can be treated or disposed of only in complex processes.
- the high costs for waste disposal and the complex production process justify the comparatively high prices of such highly active bleaching earths.
- NABE Natural Active Bleaching Earth
- SMBE surface activated systems
- SMBE surface modified bleaching earth
- a natural active raw clay with small amounts of acid is applied and thus achieved an "in situ activation".
- attapulgite and hormite containing have for this process Rohtone proven.
- These have a very high specific surface area of natural raw materials of about 100 to 180 m 2 / g and a pore volume of about 0.2 to 0.35 ml / g.
- salts formed in the acid activation or unreacted portions of the acid are not washed out, they remain on the product and are at least partially deposited in the pores.
- these acid-activated bleaching earths generally do not achieve the same efficiency as achieved by highly active bleaching earths (HPBE) produced by dealuminating with acid.
- HPBE highly active bleaching earths
- the simple manufacturing process allows a comparatively low-cost production, with no acid effluents being a particular advantage.
- a subgroup of the SMBE is the Dry Milled Bleaching Earth (DMBE) .
- DMBE Dry Milled Bleaching Earth
- the raw clay is generally treated with an aqueous solution of the acid for the production of the SMBE, whereas for the DMBE a solid acid, mostly citric acid, is used for the activation mull the solid acid together with the raw clay.
- No. 5,151,211 claims a bleaching earth composition
- a bleaching earth composition comprising a neutral bleaching earth comprising attapulgite and smectite in a ratio in the range of 0.3: 1 to 1.5: 1, the proportion of attapulgite and smectite being at least 65% by weight. % of the bleaching earth corresponds. Furthermore, the cooperation a polyvalent carboxylic acid having an even number of carboxyl groups, which are arranged in pairs, wherein the carboxyl groups can each adopt an eclipsed arrangement.
- US 6,346,286 D1 claims a bleaching earth composition
- a bleaching earth composition comprising a mixture of a particulate clay and a particulate polyvalent carboxylic acid wherein the carboxylic acid has a pK a in the range of 1 to 7 and is substantially free of salts of organic acids.
- the clay has a moisture content of not more than 8% by weight based on the clay.
- the polyvalent carboxylic acid is contained in a proportion in the range of 1 to 8 wt .-%, based on the composition in this.
- 6,346,286 B1 describes a bleaching process in which the oil to be bleached is brought into contact with a particulate composition which comprises particles of a clay mineral and particles of at least one organic acid, the organic acid being substantially free of salts of the organic acid.
- a particulate composition which comprises particles of a clay mineral and particles of at least one organic acid, the organic acid being substantially free of salts of the organic acid.
- citric acid is mentioned as a suitable organic acid.
- the refined oil After bleaching, the refined oil should meet certain color, taste and durability requirements. Thus, the oil must not be too dark and, depending on the type of oil, have a yellow to green color. Furthermore, the oil should be preserved over a longer period without taste deterioration, so do not taste rancid.
- No. 7,179,491 B1 describes a process for bleaching oils, which process does not require any degumming of the oil or the use of alkali or other chemicals, such as acids or bases.
- the oil is extracted from marine sources, mammals or fish.
- the crude oil is first degassed in a vacuum. After the vacuum is broken with gaseous nitrogen was first silicic acid is added to the oil and again applied to the reactor vacuum. The vacuum is broken again and bleaching earth is added to the mixture. After vacuum has been re-applied to the reactor, the mixture is bleached. The vacuum is broken again and then the solid components are separated from the bleached oil by filtration.
- the oil is first degassed after drying and dried, for example, to remove dissolved oxygen. Subsequently, mucilages, in particular phospholipids, are removed.
- the dried and degassed oil is treated with phosphoric acid and stirred at about 95 ° C and atmospheric pressure for about 15 to 20 minutes.
- further water is added at the end of the degumming, for example in a proportion of 0.2% by weight.
- Lecithin phase separated for example by centrifugation.
- Subsequent bleaching of the degummed oil involves two stages, wet bleaching and vacuum bleaching.
- wet bleaching the degummed oil is mixed with 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of water and after the oil has been heated to 95 ° C., 0.3 to 2% by weight of bleaching earth is added. The mixture is then stirred at normal pressure for about 20 minutes. Subsequently, a vacuum is applied (for example, 100 mbar) and the oil is stirred for a further 30 minutes at 95 0 C.
- the spent bleaching earth is separated off, for example by filtering the mixture through a suction filter covered with a paper filter.
- the oil After bleaching, the oil is still deodorized. For this purpose, superheated steam, which has an outlet temperature of about 240 0 C, passed through the oil to remove free fatty acids as well as unpleasant flavors and odors.
- the deodorization is carried out in vacuo at a pressure in the range of less than 5 mbar, preferably 1 to 3 mbar.
- the oil After refining, the oil must meet certain requirements in terms of, for example, color, taste and shelf life. For example, the oil should not appear brown, but depending on the variety have a yellow to green color. A benchmark for this is the Lovibond color number red, which should be as low as possible. To increase the shelf life, the oil should have a very low iron or phosphorus content. Furthermore, the oil should be as insensitive as possible to oxidation in order to prevent the development of a rancid odor and taste.
- DE 10 2006 035 064 A1 describes a process for bleaching oils and fats, wherein
- a crude oil derived from a vegetable or animal source the crude oil is heated to a temperature in the range of 35 to 55 0 C; - a bleaching earth is added to the heated crude oil; the heated crude oil is bleached; and the bleaching earth is separated from the bleached crude oil.
- the method has the advantage that the oil for the addition of Bleaching earth does not have to be heated to high temperatures and the bleaching mass can be reduced.
- 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol can arise in the production of food, e.g. in the production of soy sauce, in baking and toasting, but also in the refining of vegetable oils and fats.
- 3-MCPD has been shown to be carcinogenic.
- its mutagenicity could be detected in vitro, but not in vivo.
- 3-MCPD affects fertility in mammals.
- 3-MCPD can be present in the centers of life either in free or in bound form, for example in the form of a
- 3-MCPD was found in different fats and oils.
- concentration in vegetable fats and oils can range from several hundred to several thousand ppm, calculated as free 3-MCPD.
- the mechanism by which 3-MCPD is formed during the refining of fats and oils has not yet been fully elucidated.
- model studies have shown that chloride ions as well as glycerol and mono-, di- and triglycerides are potential starting materials in the formation of 3-MCPD.
- Bleaching earth is separated from the bleached oil, so that a filter oil is obtained, and the filter oil is deodorized, which leads to the lowest possible formation of 3-MCPD.
- the degumming of the crude oil is carried out only with water without the addition of acids.
- the oil is then bleached at a temperature in the range of 80 to 100 0 C, preferably at a temperature of about 95 0 C.
- the degumming has a significant influence on the concentration of 3-MCPD, which in the refining of oils and fats, bleaching has a significantly lower influence or the addition of bleaching earth lowers the concentration of 3-MCPD in the refined oil or fat after degumming.
- HPBE highly active bleaching earths
- water is added to the crude oil and the degumming is carried out without addition of acid at a temperature of less than 70 ° C., and the degummed oil is preferably carried out by an aqueous process
- Phase is separated, the degummed oil to a temperature in the range of
- 80 to 100 0 C is heated and to the heated degummed oil, the bleaching earth in an amount of more than 1.5 wt .-% is added, and the bleaching at a temperature in the range of 80 to
- a crude oil is initially provided in the usual way. This can be obtained, for example, in an oil mill by pressing.
- the crude oil can also be degassed and dried in the usual way.
- the crude oil is then mixed with water and stirred at a relatively low temperature.
- the degumming is preferably carried out in such a way that the crude oil is mixed with water before bleaching.
- the amount of water added for degumming is preferably less than 15% by weight, more preferably less than 10% by weight. According to one embodiment, the added amount of water is at least 0.2 wt .-%, according to another embodiment, at least 0.5 wt .-% and according to yet another embodiment at least 1% by weight. The percentages are based on the crude oil used.
- the degumming is carried out without the addition of acids.
- the degumming is performed at a relatively low temperature of less than 70 0 C, preferably less than 60 0 C, preferably in the range of 35 to 55 ° C, more preferably in the range of 40 to 50 0 C.
- the treatment time of the oil for degumming is preferably selected in the range of 10 to 30 minutes, more preferably 15 to 25 minutes. After degumming, the
- Lecithin phase separated from degummed oil for example by centrifugation, decantation or by filtration. If the amount of water is less than 0.5% by weight, removal of the water phase may be omitted. However, it is preferred that even with smaller amounts of water, the water phase is separated from the degummed oil.
- the degummed oil is heated to a temperature in the range of 80 to 100 0 C, preferably 90 to 98 0 C, preferably about 95 0 C. It has been found that excessively high temperatures in lead lead to an increase in the concentration of 3-MCPD in the refined oil. Overheating of the oil should therefore be avoided.
- the bleached earth is then added to the heated degummed oil. It has been found that when too low amounts of bleaching earth, the concentration of 3-MCPD or 3-MCPD precursors, which have formed during degumming, can not be reduced sufficiently.
- the bleaching earth is therefore added to the heated degummed oil in an amount of more than 1.5% by weight, preferably in an amount in the range of from 2.0 to 3.0% by weight, based on the crude oil.
- bleaching earth has only a low adsorption power for 3-MCPD or its precursors. It was found that 3-MCPD or whose precursors are contained in the oil only in amounts in the ppm range. However, an increase in bleaching amount used for bleaching above 1.5% by weight results in a marked reduction in the amount of 3-MCPD in the refined oil.
- the oil After adding the bleaching earth to the heated oil, the oil is then bleached in a conventional manner.
- the bleaching can be done by applying directly after addition of the bleaching earth vacuum, so without having previously given water to the crude oil.
- the bleaching then takes place as pure vacuum bleaching.
- the vacuum bleaching is carried out at elevated temperature, more preferably at temperatures of 80 to 110 0 C.
- the bleaching is carried out in at least two stages, with first wet bleaching and then vacuum equalization.
- the crude oil is first mixed with water.
- the amount of water is preferably selected in the range of 0.05 to 1.5 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 1 wt .-%.
- the mixture is then stirred at 80 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably 90 to 95 ° C.
- the vacuum is carried out at the above conditions, ie preferably at temperatures of 80 to 95 0 C and a pressure in the range of about 100 mbar.
- the bleaching earth is separated from the bleached oil.
- conventional methods can be used.
- the bleaching earth can be allowed to sediment and the supernatant clear oil can be decanted off.
- the bleached oil is filtered, for example through a paper filter, so that a filter oil is obtained.
- oil obtained from the bleached oil is referred to as a filter oil, regardless of the method used to separate the bleaching earth.
- the filter oil is finally deodorized.
- usual methods are used under the usual conditions.
- superheated steam is passed through the oil, whereby a Vollraffinat is obtained.
- the superheated steam preferably has an outlet temperature in the range of 200 to 290 0 C.
- the deodorization is preferably carried out for a time period of 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the deodorization can be carried out in one stage, wherein the outlet temperature of the superheated steam is kept substantially constant.
- superheated steam is first introduced, which has a temperature in the range of 250 to 290 0 C. This first step is preferably carried out for a period of 20 to 45 minutes.
- the outlet temperature of the steam is lowered, preferably in a range of 200 to 240 0 C.
- the superheated steam is then preferably passed through the oil for a further 30 to 120 minutes.
- deodorization releases 3-MCPD, which the inventors believe to be previously bound in precursors, for example, glycerides or compounds derived therefrom.
- surface-rich bleaching earths are preferably used.
- the bleaching earth has a specific surface area of more than 175 m 2 / g, according to another embodiment a specific surface area of more than 220 m 2 / g, and according to another embodiment a specific surface area of more than 300 m 2 / g According to one embodiment, the bleaching earth has a specific surface area of less than 400 m 2 / g.
- the bleaching earths used in the process according to the invention have a specific pore volume of more than 0.2 ml / g, more preferably more than 0.3 ml / g, particularly preferably a specific pore volume of more than 0.4 ml / g.
- the bleaching earth has a pore volume of more than 0.45 ml / g and, according to another embodiment, a pore volume of less than 0.95 ml / g.
- a bleaching earth is selected which has a pore volume in the range of 0.4 to 1.0 ml / g.
- the specific surface area (BET surface area) and the specific pore volume are determined by means of nitrogen porosimetry according to DIN 66131 and evaluation according to the BJH method.
- the total pore volume refers to pores with a diameter of 2 to 130 nm.
- the ion exchange capacity of the bleaching earths is preferably more than 15 meq / 100 g, preferably more than 25 meq / 100 g and in one embodiment more than 40 meq / 100 g.
- all customary bleaching earths can be used in the process according to the invention.
- bleaching earth therefore, both natural bleaching earths (NABEs) can be used, as well as acid-activated bleaching earths.
- NABEs natural bleaching earths
- SBE surface-activated bleaching earths
- HPBE highly active bleaching earths
- the acid activated bleaching earth as a 10% slurry in water, preferably has a pH of less than 5, and more preferably less than 4. In one embodiment, the pH of the slurry is greater than 2. In one embodiment, the slurry has a pH of less than 8.5, and in another embodiment has a pH of less than four. The pH is determined with a pH electrode.
- SMBE surface-activated bleaching earths
- acid-activated bleaching earths can be used as acid-activated bleaching earths. These surface-activated bleaching earths are obtained by acid-plating a natural raw clay leaving excess acid on the clay. So no washing step is carried out after the activation. Before activation, the raw clay can be prepared in the usual way and, for example, dried or ground.
- the surface activation of the raw clay can be carried out by covering the raw clay with a, preferably aqueous, solution of the acid used for the activation.
- the assignment can be done, for example, by moving the raw clay and the solution of the acid is sprayed onto the raw clay. But there are also other methods possible to apply the solution of the acid to the raw clay, such as soaking.
- the activation of the raw clay can be carried out, for example, in aqueous
- the acid is brought into contact with the crude clay as an aqueous solution.
- the crude clay which is preferably provided in the form of a powder, in water.
- the acid is added in concentrated form.
- the raw clay can also be slurried directly in an aqueous solution of the acid, or the aqueous solution of the acid can be applied to the raw clay.
- the aqueous acid solution can be, for example, preferably broken or powdered
- the amount of water is preferably chosen as low as possible and, for example, a concentrated acid or acid solution is used.
- the amount of acid may preferably be between 1 and 10% by weight, more preferably between 2 and 6% by weight of a strong acid, in particular a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid, based on the anhydrous crude clay (atro). If necessary, excess water can be evaporated and the activated raw clay then ground to the desired fineness. As already explained above, no washing step is required in this embodiment of the method according to the invention. After abandonment of aqueous solution of the acid is only, if necessary, dried until reaching the desired moisture content. Most of the water content of the resulting bleaching earth product is adjusted to a proportion of less than 20 wt .-%, preferably less than 10 wt .-%.
- the activation can be carried out with both inorganic and organic acids.
- Suitable inorganic acids are, for example, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or else hydrochloric acid.
- a suitable organic acid is, for example, citric acid.
- the excess acid and the salts formed during activation are not washed out. Rather, after the task of acid, as usual in the acid activation, preferably no washing step is carried out, but the treated raw clay dried and then ground to the desired particle size.
- a suitable acid is, for example, citric acid.
- the grain size is set in the desired range.
- the amount of acid used for activation is preferably selected to be greater than the ion exchange capacity of the raw clay, preferably in the range of 100 to 140% of the ion exchange capacity of the raw clay.
- a highly active bleaching earth is preferably used as the acid-activated bleaching earth.
- These highly active bleaching earths are obtained by extracting a crude clay at elevated temperature, preferably at about boiling heat, with a strong acid. Essentially aluminum ions from the Crisis are detached tall Weg. After extraction, the bleaching earth is separated from the aqueous phase, for example by filtration, and then washed with water. This method is known per se to the person skilled in the art. The highly activated bleaching earth will also be ground to the desired grain size.
- the grain size or the mean grain size of the bleaching earth should preferably be selected so that a complete and simple separation of the used bleaching earth from the refined product is possible.
- the mean grain size of the powdered raw clay is selected in a range of 10 to 63 ⁇ m.
- the fineness is chosen so that on a sieve with a mesh size of 63 microns about 20 to 40 wt .-% of the mixture remain (sieve residue) and on a sieve with a mesh size of 25 microns about 50 to 65 wt .-% of Stay behind. This can be referred to as typical bleaching earth fineness.
- the inventive method is suitable in itself for the refining of any oils and fats.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the refining of vegetable oils.
- the bleaching process according to the invention is particularly suitable for low-phosphorus oils, which preferably have a phosphorus content of less than 100 ppm.
- the process according to the invention is suitable for the bleaching of palm oil.
- the specific surface was carried out on a fully automatic nitrogen porosimeter from Micromeritics, type ASAP 2010, in accordance with DIN 66131.
- the pore volume was determined using the BJH method (E.P Barrett, L.G. Joyner, P.P. Haienda, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 73 (1951) 373). Pore volumes of certain pore size ranges are determined by adding up incremental pore volumes, which are derived from the evaluation of the pore size ranges
- Adsorption isotherms are obtained according to BJH.
- the total pore volume according to the BJH method refers to pores with a diameter of 2 to 130 nm.
- the sieve is connected to a vacuum cleaner, which sucks all parts which are finer than the sieve through the sieve by means of a suction slot circulating under the sieve bottom.
- the strainer is covered with a plastic lid and the vacuum cleaner is switched on. After 5 minutes, the vacuum cleaner is switched off and the amount of coarser particles remaining on the sieve is determined by differential weighing.
- a sample of crude palm oil is first heated to the temperature indicated in Table 1 for degumming and then dried and degassed for 15 minutes at 100 mbar. After degassing, the palm oil was added to the amount of 50% phosphoric acid or water indicated in Table 1 and stirred for 15 minutes at ambient pressure.
- the aqueous phase was separated off (index "f” in Table 1), for the bleaching the oil was adjusted to the temperature indicated in Table 1 and then the amount of bleaching earth indicated in Table 1 was added.
- the oil was first bleached for 20 minutes at atmospheric pressure and then for 30 minutes at a reduced pressure of 100 mbar.
- the oil was filtered hot through a paper filter.
- the filtered oil was deodorized by first for 30 minutes superheated steam, which had an outlet temperature of 270 0 C, and then for 60 minutes superheated steam, which had an outlet temperature of 240 0 C, passed through the oil.
- the concentration of 3-MCPD was determined. The results are summarized in Table 1.
- the bleaching earths used in the examples have the properties listed in Table 2:
- bleaching earth If a bleaching earth is added after degumming during bleaching, significantly lower concentrations of 3-MCDP are measured in full raffinate.
- the use of bleaching earth therefore does not increase the concentration of 3-MCPD in the Vollraffinat but adsorbs during the oil refining emerging 3-MCPD or precursors of this compound.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL09771302T PL2361298T3 (pl) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-12-01 | Sposób zmniejszania zawartości 3-MCPD w rafinowanych olejach roślinnych |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008060059A DE102008060059A1 (de) | 2008-12-02 | 2008-12-02 | Verfahren zur Reduzierung des 3-MCPD-Gehalts in raffinierten Pflanzenölen |
| PCT/EP2009/008557 WO2010063450A1 (de) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-12-01 | Verfahren zur reduzierung des 3-mcpd-gehalts in raffinierten pflanzenöllen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2361298A1 true EP2361298A1 (de) | 2011-08-31 |
| EP2361298B1 EP2361298B1 (de) | 2017-05-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP09771302.8A Not-in-force EP2361298B1 (de) | 2008-12-02 | 2009-12-01 | Verfahren zur reduzierung des 3-mcpd-gehalts in raffinierten pflanzenöllen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2361298B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008060059A1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK2361298T3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2637347T3 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUE035623T2 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL2361298T3 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT2361298T (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010063450A1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3739027A1 (de) | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-18 | Clariant International Ltd | Verfahren zur reduzierung des 3-mcpd-gehalts in raffinierten pflanzenölen |
| WO2021094546A1 (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Prevention of mcpd formation by auxiliary degumming |
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| DK2449070T3 (da) | 2009-06-30 | 2013-07-29 | Sime Darby Malaysia Berhad | Fremgangsmåde til fjernelse af uønskede propanolkomponenter fra ubrugt triglyceridolie |
| JP5803671B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2015-11-04 | 不二製油株式会社 | グリセリド油脂中のクロロプロパノール類及びその形成物質、グリシドール脂肪酸エステルを低減する方法 |
| CN102334563B (zh) | 2010-07-16 | 2015-03-25 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | 控制油脂中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇或其酯含量的方法 |
| CZ2010781A3 (cs) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-07-11 | Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze | Zpusob zabránení vzniku acylderivátu monochlorpropandiolu pri vysokoteplotních úpravách oleju a tuku |
| GB201019639D0 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2010-12-29 | Loders Croklaan Bv | Method |
| PL3385360T3 (pl) | 2011-02-10 | 2021-09-06 | Cargill, Incorporated | Proces redukcji zawartości 3-mcpd w olejach rafinowanych |
| EP2502500B1 (de) * | 2011-03-25 | 2013-08-21 | Nestec S.A. | Herstellung von raffinierten Pflanzenölen aus Rohöl gewaschener Pflanzen |
| JP2011174091A (ja) * | 2011-06-01 | 2011-09-08 | Showa Sangyo Co Ltd | 遊離塩素を除去する工程を設けたパーム油の製造方法 |
| JP5216942B1 (ja) * | 2011-07-29 | 2013-06-19 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 精製グリセリド組成物及び該精製グリセリド組成物の製造方法 |
| ES2731265T3 (es) | 2011-12-23 | 2019-11-14 | Bunge Loders Croklaan B V | Método de tratamiento de un aceite vegetal |
| WO2014012548A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Aarhuskarlshamn Ab | Reduction of mcpd-compounds in refined plant oil for food |
| WO2014081279A1 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2014-05-30 | Universiti Putra Malaysia | An improved palm oil refining process |
| CN103525548B (zh) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-10-01 | 江南大学 | 一种用于降低植物油中氯源及3-氯-1,2-丙二醇酯前体物质含量的脱胶方法 |
| DK3154374T3 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2018-08-06 | Sime Darby Malaysia Berhad | Process for refining a crude palm fruit oil product |
| EP3098293A1 (de) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur entfernung von metall aus einem metallhaltigen glyceridöl mit einer behandlung aus basischem quaternärem ammoniumsalz |
| GB2538758A (en) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | Green Lizard Tech Ltd | Process for removing chloropropanols and/or glycidol |
| EP3098292A1 (de) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-11-30 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zum raffinieren von glyceridöl mit einer behandlung mit basischem quaternärem ammoniumsalz |
| SG10202001800WA (en) | 2015-08-25 | 2020-04-29 | Dsm Ip Assets Bv | Refined oil compositions and methods for making |
| WO2018156013A1 (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-30 | Sime Darby Plantation Berhad | Process for producing refined palm fruit oil |
| EP3321348B1 (de) | 2017-08-23 | 2019-12-18 | Bunge Loders Croklaan B.V. | Verfahren zum raffinieren von pflanzlichem öl mit unterdrückung unerwünschter verunreinigungen |
| EP3483237A1 (de) | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-15 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Verfahren zur extraktion von fettsäuren aus triglyceridölen |
| MX2020008166A (es) | 2018-02-07 | 2020-09-25 | Cargill Inc | Aceites liquidos sin contaminantes no deseados. |
| EP3749102B1 (de) * | 2018-02-07 | 2024-01-24 | Cargill, Incorporated | Palmöl ohne unerwünschte verunreinigungen |
| MY199621A (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2023-11-10 | Arisdyne Systems Inc | Methods for refined palm oil production with reduced 3-mcpd formation |
| PL238351B1 (pl) | 2018-08-27 | 2021-08-09 | Komagra Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Sposób wytwarzania rafinowanego oleju jadalnego o niskiej zawartości niepożądanych 3-MPCD, 2-MPCD oraz glicydów |
| CN115605566A (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-01-13 | 雀巢产品有限公司(Ch) | 通过高温洗涤来防止mcpd形成 |
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2009
- 2009-12-01 HU HUE09771302A patent/HUE035623T2/en unknown
- 2009-12-01 ES ES09771302.8T patent/ES2637347T3/es active Active
- 2009-12-01 PL PL09771302T patent/PL2361298T3/pl unknown
- 2009-12-01 PT PT97713028T patent/PT2361298T/pt unknown
- 2009-12-01 DK DK09771302.8T patent/DK2361298T3/en active
- 2009-12-01 EP EP09771302.8A patent/EP2361298B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-12-01 WO PCT/EP2009/008557 patent/WO2010063450A1/de not_active Ceased
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3739027A1 (de) | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-18 | Clariant International Ltd | Verfahren zur reduzierung des 3-mcpd-gehalts in raffinierten pflanzenölen |
| WO2021094546A1 (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. | Prevention of mcpd formation by auxiliary degumming |
| CN114729282A (zh) * | 2019-11-15 | 2022-07-08 | 雀巢产品有限公司 | 通过辅助性脱胶防止mcpd形成 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT2361298T (pt) | 2017-08-25 |
| WO2010063450A1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
| DE102008060059A1 (de) | 2010-06-10 |
| ES2637347T3 (es) | 2017-10-11 |
| HUE035623T2 (en) | 2018-05-28 |
| EP2361298B1 (de) | 2017-05-17 |
| DK2361298T3 (en) | 2017-07-24 |
| PL2361298T3 (pl) | 2017-10-31 |
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