EP2368236A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies

Info

Publication number
EP2368236A1
EP2368236A1 EP09740256A EP09740256A EP2368236A1 EP 2368236 A1 EP2368236 A1 EP 2368236A1 EP 09740256 A EP09740256 A EP 09740256A EP 09740256 A EP09740256 A EP 09740256A EP 2368236 A1 EP2368236 A1 EP 2368236A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
fire
detection
ions
fires
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP09740256A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kurt Lenkeit
Achim Schumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minimax GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Minimax GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2008/010916 external-priority patent/WO2010069353A1/fr
Application filed by Minimax GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Minimax GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP09740256A priority Critical patent/EP2368236A1/fr
Publication of EP2368236A1 publication Critical patent/EP2368236A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/117—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means by using a detection device for specific gases, e.g. combustion products, produced by the fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the early detection of fires according to the preamble of the first claim and an apparatus for carrying out the method.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the detection of volatile combustible gases whose release in the phase of thermal decomposition precedes a fire. With the help of the detection of these gases, a pre-alarm and alerting is possible to take appropriate preventive measures. Furthermore, the invention describes a novel fire detector, which uses the detection of positive and negative ions of volatile gases by their separation after passing through an electromagnetic field. This makes it possible to detect substance-specific thermolysis products in extremely low concentrations at a very early stage of the formation of the fire.
  • the invention is suitable for use for fire detection, where smoldering fires (very slow increase in temperature of the burned material) and thermal decomposition processes in different areas are to be expected.
  • smoldering fires very slow increase in temperature of the burned material
  • thermal decomposition processes in different areas are to be expected.
  • woodworking industry food industry, IT, telecommunications and warehousing.
  • Conventional fire detectors can be divided into smoke, heat, and flame detectors. They are based on the measurement of physical quantities such as temperature, electromagnetic radiation and light scattering on smoke aerosols. In addition to the detection of these classic fire parameters, gases can be detected at an early stage of thermal decomposition. Frequently, localized, narrow overheating is the source of a fire. Smoldering fires that are not or too late detected in their formation phase, often cause great damage. During the thermal decomposition process in a smoldering fire gaseous products are released in different concentrations. These include, for example, CO, H 2 , CH 4 and
  • Nitrogen oxides As the fire progresses and the temperature increases, the emission of complete combustion products such as CO 2 and H 2 O increases. These gases emitted in the formation phase of a fire can be detected early by the use of suitable gas sensors.
  • Fire gas detectors are known using the known types of sensors such as electrochemical cell, catalytic converter, catalytic gas sensor, semiconductor gas sensor / sensor arrays and infrared absorption gas sensors.
  • sensors such as electrochemical cell, catalytic converter, catalytic gas sensor, semiconductor gas sensor / sensor arrays and infrared absorption gas sensors.
  • NO x CO 2 and H 2 O which arise at a sufficiently high energy input, also form material-specific high molecular weight gases in the thermal decomposition process even at a slightly lower energy input and lower temperatures on the potential fire good, also called good short.
  • thermolysis products are referred to as substance-specific volatile thermolysis products characteristic of the material to be monitored.
  • substance-specific volatile thermolysis products characteristic of the material to be monitored.
  • wood carboxylic acids, furan derivatives, aldehydes, ketones and monoaromatics.
  • polyurethane foams eg toluene diisocyanate and polyols.
  • a disadvantage of the said conventional fire detectors and gas sensors is that they react only in the advanced stage of decomposition of the fire or after fire outbreak. Furthermore, the fire characteristics are not substance-specific. Furthermore, there may be alarms caused by environmental influences of identical physical quantities. All measuring bodies used for fire detection are referred to below as fire characteristics.
  • a method for fire detection is known, which should be suitable for detecting an increased risk for the breaking out of a fire of an electrical component.
  • This method is based on the known ion mobility spectrometry or ion mobility spectrometry.
  • the description will be made of the detection of gases resulting from the heating of electrical components, e.g. printed circuit boards and resistors are emitted. The identities of these gases are not described. It merely describes how an ion mobility spectrum changes when gases are released from heated paint-coated circuit boards and fed to the spectrometer.
  • ion mobility spectrometry is based on the fact that ions generated under normal pressure drift in an electric field against the flow direction of a gas. Ions of different mass and / or structure reach different drift velocities and are separated from each other until they hit one detector in succession. The ratio of the ion drift velocities to the strength of the electric field is called ion mobility and the separation of these ions over a certain distance based on the different drift velocities as ion mobility spectrometry Characterized by this method are the low field strengths and the resulting field independence of the ion mobility
  • An ion mobility spectrometer essentially consists of a drift tube, which in turn is made up of a reaction space and a drift space. Both spaces are separated from each other by an electric control grid
  • a disadvantage of this method is that electrical control grid are required for sample inlet and Ablegitter in front of the detector, so that the detector is often expensive and has larger dimensions Furthermore, it may be a disadvantage that either only negative or positive ions are measured, so that no Acquisition of positive and negative ions is possible as fire genesis characteristics
  • Fire alarm signal can be triggered
  • the proposed solution describes a method for the early detection of fires on the basis of the detection of volatile products which are characteristic of the material to be monitored.
  • the ambient air is extracted and ionized from the area to be monitored, whereby filtration and heating of the gas can be carried out during the aspiration
  • the extraction of the ambient air can be done eg via a pipe system with Ansaugo réelleen, via flexible hoses or a variety of flexible hoses or pipes with Ansaugo réelleen via a measuring point changeover ambient air from different areas can be sucked
  • the suction as a bypass from a forced air flow from a Room, a hall or an object such as a machine or an IT server cabinet are a solution
  • the ionized gas stream which contains material-specific gases in a dangerous situation during thermal decomposition, is conducted through an electromagnetic field. This is designed so that the resulting field strength in their temporal and spatial dependence, the trajectories of the ions changed so that at least with a constant, pre-selected parameter set for generating the field positive and / or negative ions of thermolysis gases on defined trajectories forced and detected become.
  • the electromagnetic field is understood to mean the superimposition of the magnetic and electric fields, whereby the variants that the magnetic field strength or the electric field strength is equal to zero are also possible.
  • Changing the field generation parameters can be done step by step. If negative and positive ions are detected, this is done simultaneously or with a time lag.
  • a measurement signal which can be stored, is produced by the detectively detected ions. This may be, for example, the current measured by the detected charges (ions).
  • the measuring signal can also be a further processed signal and also the combination of the measuring signals of positive and negative ions.
  • measuring signals Furthermore, the stored measured values and their possible further processing are referred to as measuring signals.
  • the escaping gas stream may also contain no ions.
  • the pre-selected parameter set depends on the type of field. With defined geometry and arrangement of the electrodes and / or the coils for generating the field and frequency of the field, these are voltage and / or current values.
  • the pre-selected parameter set can be predefined for substances and substance groups.
  • This parameter set can be entered manually, for example, or and as This is useful if the combustible consists of only one previously known substance or a group of substances or a group of substances
  • the stored measurement signals and / or signal patterns are examined by evaluation algorithms for the presence of significant changes, such as maxima and / or slope changes or by comparison with stored signal patterns / values. If significant changes are found, this leads to a fire alarm signal at a very early stage fire may
  • An advantageous embodiment of the Feswolf of significant changes in the measurement signals, which lead to a fire alarms, is also the Fetswolf increasing the measurement signals over a period exceeding a predefined value and / or a predefined slew rate (gradient) This can be advantageous in the detection positive and / or negative ions with only one or a few preselected parameter sets for field generation
  • the ionized gas stream is preferably passed through a high field electric field superimposed by a field generated by a DC voltage.
  • the electric field should advantageously be an asymmetric alternating field. It is advantageous if this has a voltage of 300 to 2,000 volts, preferably 500 to 1,500 volts
  • the field strength is between 5,000 and 50,000 V / cm, preferably 10,000 to 30,000 V / cm
  • the applied alternating field may have a frequency between 0.1 to 10 MHz, preferably 1 MHz
  • the DC voltage can be between -100 to +100 volts, preferably -43 to +15 volts
  • the time dependence of the measurement signal, z B of the ion current (current signal in the detection of ions), measured in this way usually ions of a substance-specific thermolysis gas measured or positive and negative ions of different gases, if at this DC value random positive ions of one gas and negative ions of another gas are forced to the trajectories for detection detection
  • the DC voltage stepwise in a to change predefined interval so that positive and / or negative ions are forced and detected detections on defined trajectories
  • the steps in which the DC voltage is increased may be the same or different degrees It is advantageous, for example In this way, a family of curves is measured and stored which represents the time dependency of the currents of positive and / or negative ions at each set DC voltage value
  • the stored measuring signals or signal patterns are preferably continuously in a signal processing unit with evaluation algorithms for the presence of Significant changes, such as maxima and / or slope changes are investigated Another advantageous signal evaluation is based on the comparison with stored signal patterns / values If significant changes are found, this leads to a signaling of fire detection at a very early stage
  • substance-specific maxima are found, this leads to a signaling of the fire detection, preferably as a function of the number and position of the maxima and / or the exceeding of predefined values of the measurement signals, eg the ion currents and / or their slew rates.
  • the identification of the substance-specific maxima of the ion currents at defined process parameters is preferably by the
  • the duration of detection and analysis of a complete family of curves is preferably 2 to 3 seconds. This is significantly less than the time, for example, that other methods are needed to identify substance-specific thermolysis gases
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the method is then that for generating the fire alarm signal, a signal of another sensor system for detecting low molecular weight gases and / or Rauchaerosolen is used.
  • the Meßsignaler normal, storage and data analysis (evaluation algorithms) is preferably software controlled by appropriate electronic circuits with microcontroller systems and Save realized The use of ASICs can be beneficial
  • the method makes it possible to trigger a multistage fire alarm. This can happen, for example, in the case of a first significant increase in the ion current at one of the DC voltage values, a first signal (eg pre-alarm 1) is displayed to a monitoring device (eg. A second alarm threshold is output at a second significant increase in a further DC voltage value. A third significant increase in the ion current at a further DC voltage value can trigger an alarm at z B of a fire alarm control panel For this there are different alarm scenarios depending on the type of fire and scope of the danger or condition of the concrete plant adjustable
  • the apparatus for early detection of fire based on the detection of characteristic volatile thermolysis products which are specific to the fire to be monitored, consists of a suction unit and an iontechnischsvornchtung in which the sucked gas stream is ionized
  • the suction unit may be exchangeable, eg after contamination to the suction unit a rigid or flexible piping system can be connected with Ansaugo réelleen to suck from different areas or Geraten the ambient air
  • the suction unit usually consists of a Filteremheit, a valve, a pump and a Meßgastechnisch through which the gas stream is sucked to the Meßgas effet can Flow sensor may be connected
  • the filter unit may consist of hydrophobic Teflon, another hydrophobic material or of a membrane, for example of dimethylsihcon for gas permeation
  • Membrane can be individually exchangeable. Furthermore, the membrane can be arranged directly in front of the ion generation chamber or else exchangeably in an inlet connection
  • the additional gas supply can be used for cleaning and / or Verdunnungs sectionen by means of purified dry air or nitrogen without interrupting the actual measurement process Furthermore, this gas supply is the parallelthesesüberprufung the detector with different gas standards
  • the valve should be advantageously designed as a needle valve But also conceivable is a mass flow controller or a simple Stromungsreduzi für means of pinhole pump can be used as a diaphragm pump But also conceivable is a rotary valve piston pump, a linear compressor or a fan at lower pressures
  • the sample gas line can be heated and exchanged and should be provided with a chemically inert, thermally stable and anti-adhesive or non-adhesive surface by means of the suction unit gases from the ambient air, which reflects the changes in the fire quickly and reliably detected and via an inlet port in guided the housing of the ion generator or the ion current measuring chamber
  • the aspirated gas stream can, for example, pass through an inlet nozzle into an ion generation and ion current measuring chamber.
  • This can be arranged in a heatable, temperature-controlled housing in or at which a temperature sensor is located.
  • an ionization device which consists of the ion generation and ion current measuring chamber, is arranged on the housing
  • the ionization device can be a radioactive emitter, for example of 63 Ni, or a UV source. After the ionization device, electrodes for generating an alternating field are arranged.
  • Gas discharge unit which can be interchangeable and can be equipped with chemically inert, thermally stable and anti-adhesive or non-adhesive surface
  • the microcontroller system can display malfunctions of the device, operating conditions and alarms via a display unit
  • the display can be made by LEDs
  • the displays by message texts on an alphanumeric, graphic display
  • a combination is possible in that the displays are made by LEDs and display
  • the microcontroller system can be equipped with a control unit, various interfaces, for example, the fire alarm and danger center, connected to the building technology, but also with the flow sensor and temperature sensor on the housing of the ion generation and lonenstrommeßhunt, the electrometer plates and the circuit for generating and controlling the alternating field and the DC voltage for the overlay field.
  • a defined operating status can be set, stored data can be displayed and parameters set for detection.
  • An interface can be used to parameterize, read out measured data and update the software.
  • An advantage of the method and apparatus for early detection of fires is that fires in the earliest possible phase before their full expression with little technical effort and small devices quickly and reliably recognizable and classifiable in different levels of alarm, so that particularly fast and early seize or triggering follow-up actions is possible. Furthermore, by detecting substance-specific thermolysis products it is advantageous that deceptive quantities can be detected and do not influence the fire alarm signaling.
  • Figure 1 Schematic representation of an apparatus for the early detection of fires on the basis of the detection of characteristic volatile Thermolyse.
  • Figure 2 Time course of the characteristic negative ion trace at a
  • Figure 3 Time course of the characteristic positive ion trace at a DC voltage of -6.02 V and the CO concentration during the
  • FIG. 6 Time course of the temperature during the thermolysis of beech wood to the curves in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5
  • FIG. 8 Time course of the characteristic negative ion trace of FIG
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic representation of the device for early detection of firing on the basis of the detection of characteristic volatile thermolysis products which are specific for firing products to be monitored.
  • the device consists of all parts which are located within the frame shown
  • the filter element has a pore size of 5 to 80 microns and allows moisture separation, further from the valve 3, which is a needle valve, the pump 4, which is designed as a diaphragm pump, the Meßgastechnisch.
  • the suction unit 1 is on the inlet nozzle
  • the gas stream 5 entering the ion generation and ion current measuring chamber 10 is ionized and passed through the electrodes 16, 17 to produce a change in charge and a superimposed DC field , w ei positive and negative ions in the electric field
  • You are forced between the electrometer plates 22, 23, at which positive and negative ions are detected to the electrometer plates 22, 23 amplifiers 24, 25 are connected in the present case, which amplify the measuring signals and with the microcontroller system 8 for measuring control, Data storage, data analysis and control are connected
  • the electrodes 16, 17 are provided with terminals 18, 19 for generating and controlling the alternating field 20 and for generating and regulating the DC voltage 21 both the generation and control of the DC voltage 21 and the generation and control
  • the device can be paramet ⁇ ert means PC or z B a Servicegerat, and the readout of measurement data and updates of the software done
  • the interface or a replaceable communication module 31 allows the
  • the display unit 27 allows a display of faults and different alarm levels and the display of a low alarm level, with the attention to the monitored fire source can be increased and when reaching the highest
  • Figure 2 shows the time course of the negative ion current at an applied DC voltage of - 3.81 V and an AC voltage of 1500 V compared with a commercial electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor
  • the curve increases after 780 seconds (corresponds to a sample temperature of 155 ° C. ) and reaches a maximum after 950 seconds. Only after reaching this maximum does the curve of the carbon monoxide sensor increase. This behavior makes it clear that evaluating the signal of the new fire detector offers a considerable time advantage compared to the commercially available CO detector
  • Figure 6 shows the temperature profile at the respective time in Figures 2 to 5. It can be seen that at about 170 0 C, the first alarm level is triggered at about 190 0 C, a second alarm level and at about 210 0 C a third alert level is triggered.
  • FIG. 7 shows the time course of the characteristic negative ion trace (current signal of the negative ions) for wood at a DC voltage of -9.47 V (alternating voltage 1500 V) during the thermolysis of beech wood and influencing cigarette smoke at approximately 420 s and 740 s .
  • the significance of the significant change in the measurement signal at approximately 420 s and 740 s can be seen from FIG.
  • the significant increase in the ion current from about 1300 s is caused by the release of wood-specific thermolysis products.
  • Figure 8 shows the time course of the characteristic negative ion trace for cigarettes smoke at a DC voltage of 0.21 V (AC voltage 1500V) during the thermolysis of beech wood and influencing cigarette smoke at about 420 and 740 s.
  • thermolysis products at different field strengths, i. different DC values allows the elimination of delusion sizes such as Cigarette smoke.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection anticipée d'incendies, sur la base de la détection de produits de thermolyse volatils, caractéristiques du matériau à surveiller, procédé caractérisé en ce que l'air ambiant est aspiré d'un domaine à contrôler pour l'incendie, et est ionisé, le courant de gaz ionisé est envoyé à travers un champ électromagnétique dont l'intensité du champ résultant change les trajectoires des ions, en ce qui concerne leur dépendance temporelle et spatiale, pour un ensemble de paramètres, de telle façon que des ions positifs et/ou négatifs du gaz ionisé sont contraints de suivre des trajectoires prédéfinies et sont détectés simultanément. L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies, par détection de produits de thermolyse volatils caractéristiques, qui sont spécifiques des matériaux à surveiller contre l'incendie, dispositif caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : une unité d'aspiration (1), et une chambre (10) de mesure du courant ionique et de génération d'ions, dans laquelle le courant gazeux (5) de l'air ambiant aspiré est ionisé, des électrodes (16, 17) présentant une connexion (19) pour la production et la régulation d'une tension continue (21), une prise de terre et une connexion (18) pour la production et la régulation d'un champ alternatif (20), et deux électrodes d'électromètre (22, 23) qui détectent les ions caractéristiques, un système microcontrôleur (8), qui évalue et mémorise la dépendance temporelle des courants ioniques, et utilise, aux fins du lancement d'un signal d'alarme incendie, une variation significative du courant mesuré pour au moins une valeur de tension continue.
EP09740256A 2008-12-19 2009-09-11 Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies Ceased EP2368236A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09740256A EP2368236A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2009-09-11 Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2008/010916 WO2010069353A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2008-12-19 Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies
EP09740256A EP2368236A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2009-09-11 Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies
PCT/EP2009/006445 WO2010091703A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2009-09-11 Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2368236A1 true EP2368236A1 (fr) 2011-09-28

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EP09740256A Ceased EP2368236A1 (fr) 2008-12-19 2009-09-11 Procédé et dispositif de détection anticipée d'incendies

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2368236A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6166648A (en) * 1996-10-24 2000-12-26 Pittway Corporation Aspirated detector
WO2002095703A2 (fr) * 2001-05-25 2002-11-28 Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Dispositif et procede de detection de foyers d'incendie ou d'impuretes dans un gaz
US20030052263A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2003-03-20 Sionex Corporation System for collection of data and identification of unknown ion species in an electric field
DE60005789T2 (de) * 1999-01-28 2004-07-29 The Secretary Of State For Defence, Salisbury Verfahren zur branderkennung
US20060255255A1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2006-11-16 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Spectrometer chip assembly
US20080210861A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-09-04 Excellims Corporation Methods and apparatus of ion mobility spectrometer

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6166648A (en) * 1996-10-24 2000-12-26 Pittway Corporation Aspirated detector
DE60005789T2 (de) * 1999-01-28 2004-07-29 The Secretary Of State For Defence, Salisbury Verfahren zur branderkennung
US20060255255A1 (en) * 1999-07-21 2006-11-16 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Spectrometer chip assembly
WO2002095703A2 (fr) * 2001-05-25 2002-11-28 Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Dispositif et procede de detection de foyers d'incendie ou d'impuretes dans un gaz
US20030052263A1 (en) * 2001-06-30 2003-03-20 Sionex Corporation System for collection of data and identification of unknown ion species in an electric field
US20080210861A1 (en) * 2007-02-05 2008-09-04 Excellims Corporation Methods and apparatus of ion mobility spectrometer

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of WO2010091703A1 *

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