EP2401468B1 - Meeresgrund-oberflächen-verbindungsinstallation der mehrfachsteigrohrhybridturmart mit gleitenden auftriebsmodulen - Google Patents

Meeresgrund-oberflächen-verbindungsinstallation der mehrfachsteigrohrhybridturmart mit gleitenden auftriebsmodulen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2401468B1
EP2401468B1 EP10706303.4A EP10706303A EP2401468B1 EP 2401468 B1 EP2401468 B1 EP 2401468B1 EP 10706303 A EP10706303 A EP 10706303A EP 2401468 B1 EP2401468 B1 EP 2401468B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
buoyancy
tower
modules
risers
guide
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EP10706303.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2401468A1 (de
Inventor
François-Régis PIONETTI
Roberto Antonio Di Silvestro
Damien Szyszka
Fabrice Jancart
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Saipem SA
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Saipem SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bottom-to-surface connection installation between a plurality of submarine pipes resting at the bottom of the sea and a floating support surface, comprising a hybrid tower called multi-riser, consisting of a plurality of connected flexible pipes each with a rising rigid pipe, or riser vertical, whose lower end is connected to an underwater pipe resting on the seabed.
  • a hybrid tower called multi-riser, consisting of a plurality of connected flexible pipes each with a rising rigid pipe, or riser vertical, whose lower end is connected to an underwater pipe resting on the seabed.
  • the technical field of the invention is more particularly the field of the manufacture and installation of production risers for the underwater extraction of oil, gas or other soluble or fusible material or a suspension of mineral material from wellhead immersed to a floating support, for the development of production fields installed offshore at sea.
  • the main and immediate application of the invention being in the field of oil production.
  • the floating support generally comprises anchoring means to remain in position despite the effects of currents, winds and waves. It also generally comprises oil storage and processing means as well as means of unloading to removal tankers, the latter being present at regular intervals to carry out the removal of the production.
  • the common name of these floating supports is the Anglo-Saxon term “Floating Production Storage Offloading” (meaning “floating medium of storage, production and unloading") which one uses the abbreviated term "FPSO" in the whole of the following description.
  • Said connecting lines take, if appropriate, by their own weight in the form of a plunging chain curve, that is to say, descending widely below the upper end of the riser and then up to the support floating.
  • a multiple hybrid tower comprising an anchoring system with a vertical tendon consisting of either a cable or a metal bar, or a pipe stretched at its upper end by a float.
  • the lower end of the tendon is attached to a base resting at the bottom.
  • Said tendon comprises guiding means distributed over its entire length through which passes a plurality of said risers vertical.
  • Said base can be placed simply on the seabed and stay in place by its own weight, or remain anchored by means of batteries or any other device to keep it in place.
  • the lower end of the riser vertical is adapted to be connected to the end of a bend, movable cuff, between a high position and a low position, relative to said base, to which this cuff is suspended and associated with a means of return bringing it back up in the absence of the riser.
  • This mobility of the bent sleeve makes it possible to absorb the length variations of the riser under the effects of the temperature and the pressure of the fluid flowing through it.
  • a stop device integral with it, comes to rest on the support guide installed at the head of the float and thus maintains the entire riser in suspension.
  • connection with the submarine pipe resting on the seabed is generally effected by a pig-shaped or S-shaped pipe portion, said S being then produced in a plane either vertical or horizontal, the connection with said underwater pipe being generally carried out via an automatic connector.
  • the vertical tendon is connected at its lower end to the base by a flexible hinge-type laminated stopper marketed by TECHLAM France or the roto-latch ® type , available from OILSTATES USA, known to those skilled in the art .
  • This embodiment comprising a multiplicity of risers maintained by a central structure comprising guide means is advantageous when it is possible to pre-manufacture the entire tower on the ground, before towing it at sea and then once on site. , cabaner for its final establishment.
  • the various structural elements and buoyancy elements are regularly spaced along the entire length of the vertical tendon, which allows towing the tower at sea, which floats thanks to its buoyancy elements distributed over its entire length.
  • the dual function required of the syntactic foam ie buoyancy plus insulation, creates a problem of resistance over time, because if such foams hold correctly on the one hand at the pressure of bottom which is substantially 100 bar per 1000 m of water, and secondly at the desired maximum temperature, they are in fact sensitive to the combination of the maximum pressure associated with the maximum temperature, and very significant damage their thermal performance and buoyancy. Therefore, it is desired to dissociate the two functions, and it is preferred to use firstly a syntactic foam type buoyancy and a PiP type of insulation, as described in the prior patents in the name of the applicant, or gel type or phase change material type as described in the prior patents in the name of the applicant.
  • the syntactic buoyancy foam is thus used to ensure the buoyancy of the tower during its on-site towing and cabin hoisting, but it can not be fully taken into account in its operational vertical configuration and must be assisted by a float at the top. considerable volume located at the top of said tower, as explained below.
  • each of the buoyancy modules 220 ( figure 2 ) transfers to the central tendon 200 a vertical force 219 directed upwards through an element of guide and load transfer structure 212 integral with the tendon.
  • the total of the vertical tensile forces added to the various buoyancy modules 219 corresponds at least to the total weight of the total tower, so that the tower naturally floats flush with the surface of the water.
  • the central tendon is arranged vertically and the vertical traction forces 219 of each of the different modules are transferred by the tendon so that the traction exerted on the attachment point of a given buoyancy module on the tendon corresponds the buoyancy of the module concerned plus the modules above it.
  • WO 2004/051051 discloses a multi-riser hybrid tower-type bottom-surface connection installation, comprising buoyancy modules sliding along said risers and a central tendon, without a lower guide structure capable of holding said risers arranged around said tendon.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved multi-riser hybrid tower-type bottom-surface connection installation, in particular which does not require the use of floats at the top, nor of a foundation having to take back all the weight of the tower for the float at the top and the totality of the buoyancy exerted on the tower as regards the foundation of the tower on the one hand, and on the other hand, which does not require the implementation of vertical central tendon in front of also undergo compressive stresses likely to cause lateral buckling of said central tendon.
  • Vertical means that when the sea is calm and the installation is at rest, the connection hoses to the FPSO not being installed, the tendon and the risers are arranged vertically, it being understood that the swell, and the movements of the floating support and / or flexible ducts can cause the tower to travel in a vertex angle preferably limited to 10-15 °, in particular due to the implementation of a flexible articulation of rotary type. latch ® at the foot of the tendon, at its point of attachment to said base or anchor.
  • the float and the suction anchor according to the present invention must exert and respectively take up a voltage lower than that required in the prior art and in particular less than the total weight of the tower.
  • the tower is able to remain vertical in the absence of the tensioning float at the top, whereas in the prior art, said float must be permanently present to prevent compression of the central tendon.
  • This arrangement is particularly interesting for the installation phase and for the maintenance of the system,
  • the head float and the foundation must exert respectively take up a voltage well above the total weight of the tower.
  • a total buoyancy ⁇ F of 102 to 110% of all the buoyancy modules is necessary to maintain emerged approximately 2 to 10% of the volume of the tower when it is towed on the surface, so that the tower can be covered by the swell and be subjected to less mechanical stress including torsion and bending during towing on site.
  • T1 of the head float according to the prior art then represents at least about 110 to 150% of the total weight of the tower plus additional buoyancy provided for on-site towing ( ⁇ F-Pt).
  • the foundation must resume the traction exerted by the cumulative vertical thrust of all buoyancy elements ⁇ F acting directly on the central tendon, added the resulting tension T R wanted at the float of head. Since ⁇ F is greater than the weight of the tower for surface transport, the foundation must resume a tension of at least about 110 to 150% of the total weight of the tower.
  • the foundation is subjected only to the resultant force T R exerted at the level of the head float, namely 10 to 50% of the total weight of the tower, insofar as the total weight of the tower is taken directly by all modules buoyancy, the latter exerting a vertical thrust upward directly on the underside of said carrier structure.
  • said buoyancy and guide modules extend over a length of 2 to 20 m and are at least 50, preferably 50 to 500, buoyancy modules for a tower of at least 1000 m. height.
  • the various buoyancy modules extend over the entire height of the tower.
  • said plurality of buoyancy and guide modules disposed against each other covers not more than 75%, preferably less than 50% of the length of the tower between said carrier structure at the top and the structure lower guide solidarity of the tendon.
  • the various buoyancy and guidance modules are linked to each other by links able to prevent the first module from moving away from said carrier structure and that two consecutive modules deviate no more than a maximum distance preferably identical data between the different modules and, said links being of such length that the various modules are distributed substantially uniformly over the entire length of the tower between said carrier structure and lower structure, the first module being linked at the level of said carrier structure and the last module arriving at said lower structure, when said tower floats on the surface of the sea being towed by a ship, and said links do not prevent said modules from sliding upwards when said tower is caban and vertical positioning of operation in a so-called bottom-surface connection installation.
  • the different modules are not connected to each other and cover the entire length of the tower between said supporting structure and said lower guide structure.
  • each buoyancy and guide module comprises two flanges connected to each other by tie rods, and said cylindrical buoyancy elements locked and held in position between and by said two flanges, forming preferably a module having a circular cross-section, each flange having a central orifice and peripheral orifices, said peripheral orifices and said buoyancy elements preferably being of the same shape and arranged around said central orifice, preferably regularly and symmetrically distributed around said central orifice; , said orifices forming sleeves able to be traversed by said risers and a said tendon thus allowing sliding guidance of said modules.
  • the two flanges are spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the tendon and that said section transverse corresponds to a cross section perpendicular to said longitudinal direction of the tendon, and that said circular section of the module corresponds to a circular section of the flanges and all the buoyancy elements assembled against each other between the two flanges.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to contribute to a buoyancy load transfer of said buoyancy elements in their isostatic assembly, that is to say the most homogeneous over the entire cross section of the flanges and to facilitate the manufacture and installation of said elements of buoyancy.
  • each flange comprises a plurality of flange portions attached to each other, preferably at least as many flange portions as said peripheral orifices, each flange portion being adapted to lock and maintain the longitudinal end of a flange. said cylindrical buoyancy element.
  • This embodiment contributes to limiting the number of different parts to be molded, and to further facilitate the manufacture and installation of said flanges and buoyancy elements while maintaining the isostaticity of the charge transfer of said buoyancy elements on the flanges.
  • said modules comprise first intercalated elastic elements, preferably in the form of plates, between the longitudinal ends of said buoyancy elements and said flanges at least at said longitudinal end of the module and preferably also second elastic elements on the external faces of at least one of the two flanges, preferably in the form of plates, so as to improve the isostaticity of the distribution of buoyancy forces and their transfer between two consecutive modules.
  • the present invention also relates to a buoyancy and guide module of a tower according to the invention, as defined above.
  • the present invention also provides a method of towing at sea a tower and set up in an installation according to the invention, characterized in that said tower floats on the surface when it is towed by at least one surface vessel, said buoyancy and guide modules being distributed over its entire length, preferably regularly distributed and spaced from each other and after hoisting the tower said buoyancy and guide modules slide upwards to be plated underneath and against others, preferably on only a part of the height of the tower.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a bottom-surface connection facility 1 connecting two underwater lines 2-1,2-2 resting on the bottom of the sea 12 to a floating support type FPSO 10 moored by anchor lines 10a.
  • the bottom-surface connection consists of a central vertical tendon 4 connected to a suction anchor-type foundation 11 via a hinge 5a allowing the deflections of the tower in an angle cone at the top preferably less than or equal to 5 °.
  • the tower comprises a plurality of pipes, for example four pipes 3-1, 3-2, as shown in the perspective views 6 and 7, preferably symmetrically distributed around the axis ZZ 'of the tower, the latter being coaxial with the central tendon 4.
  • lines 3-1,3-2 are each connected at the bottom to a subsea line 2-1,2-2 resting on the bottom of the sea by means of an angled junction sleeve 2a by means of automatic connectors 9a-9b, known to those skilled in the art.
  • These ducts 3-1, 3-2 are suspended at the top of the tower to a superior carrier structure 4a integral with the central vertical tendon 4 and each connected by a gooseneck 7-1, 7-2 at the end of a flexible pipe 6-1,6-2 connecting said goosenecks to an FPSO 10.
  • a float 8 connected via a chain 8a to the central tendon 4 exerts a complementary vertical tension on the tower.
  • buoyancy of the tower 3 is ensured by a plurality of buoyancy modules 20 cooperating in sliding with the central tendon 4.
  • These buoyancy modules 20 described hereinafter comprise guide elements 22 called flanges having orifices 23, 23. 1.23-4, for guiding said central tendon and ducts 3-1,3-2.
  • each of the buoyancy modules 20 slides freely on the one hand around the central tendon 4 and on the other hand, around each of the ducts 3-1,3-2 suspended from the support structure 4a located at the top of the tower. And, as a result, the entirety of the buoyancy thrust IF of all the buoyancy modules 20 is directly transmitted to the upper carrier structure 4a, the latter supporting on the other hand the entire weight P of the tower .
  • the float 8 at the top must be limited to exerting an additional upward tension equal to about 10 to 20% of the total weight of the tower so as to exert a vertical return force when the flexible connecting lines 6- 1.6-2 with the FPSO are in place, which exert horizontal recall efforts when the sea is rough.
  • the buoyancy modules 20 are schematically represented on the Figures 1 to 3 and on the figure 5 , and in more detail on Figures 6 to 9 .
  • FIG. 6 On the figure 6 is shown in perspective a section of the tower 1 in vertical position, cut above a buoyancy module 20.
  • the lines 3- 1.3-2 type PiP pipe in pipe
  • the lines 3- 1.3-2 type PiP comprising an outer pipe 3a and including a production line 3b slightly off-center, so as to leave room for a water injection pipe or pipe injection of gas 3c, as well as two water injection lines 3-3,3-4.
  • FIG. 7 there is shown in perspective a section of the tower in the manufacturing position, showing two contiguous buoyancy modules 20 n , 20 n + 1 , the module 20 n + 1 not being completely assembled, two buoyancy elements in the form of block of syntactic foam 21 being ready to be inserted before the blocking locking flanges 22 are joined by ties 24 to constrain the buoyancy elements between two flanges 22, thus ensuring the overall rigidity of said buoyancy module 20.
  • a flange 22 of buoyancy module respectively in external view ( figure 8 ), ie seen from the interface side with the buoyancy module adjacent, and in internal view ( figure 9 ), that is to say viewed from the interface side with the buoyancy elements 21 syntactic foam.
  • the flange is preferably made of plastic, for example polyethylene, polypropylene or any other resistant thermoplastic material, charged or not.
  • the flange 22 is in fact preferably composed of several independent parts 22-1 to 22-4, identical, assembled together by simple bolting.
  • the flanges 22 comprise sheaths 23-1 to 23-4 generally not having the same diameter, the diameter of each of the sheaths 23-1 to 23-4 is adjusted so that it is slightly greater than the diameter of the corresponding pipe and can thus let it slide freely. This provides a clearance of 5 to 15 mm, so an inner diameter of the upper sheath 10 to 30mm to the outer diameter of said pipe 3a concerned. Similarly, the central sheath 23 corresponding to the central tendon 4 will have the same increase in diameter relative to the outer diameter of said tendon.
  • buoyancy elements 21 all of the same cylindrical shape, are inserted into complementary shapes 22a of the internal face of the flanges 22, as shown in FIG. figure 9 , and are preferably evenly distributed around the periphery of the module 20.
  • two adjacent buoyancy elements 21 are shown between two adjacent ducts installed side by side. But, we could have installed a single element 21 of double section.
  • the manufacture of large syntactic foam elements being very delicate, it is preferred to reduce the transverse thickness of the various elements and thus to adopt the configuration shown in the drawings. figures 7 and 9 .
  • each module 8 blocks of syntactic foam 21 of the same cylindrical shape are thus introduced whose cross-sectional shape fills the spaces 22a delimited by the parts of cylindrical walls 23c-23d of the sleeves 23-1 to 23-4 and elements of separation 23a-23b.
  • the buoyancy elements 21 have in cross section a circular outer circumference 21a likewise radius as the radius of the circumference of the flanges 22.
  • buoyancy elements are 8 in number, they form angular portions having a flat side face 21b in contact with the lateral separation elements 23a on the inner surface of the flanges 22 , also having a flat surface abutting on the other separating element 23b on the inner face of the flange 22 and finally having an opposite side face of circular portion 21c in cross section bearing against the cylindrical walls of the sleeves 23c-23d.
  • each block would have two opposite side surfaces having the same shape of circular portion in cross section, circular portion section bearing against each two lines 3-1,3-2 side by side between which the block of syntactic foam 21 is introduced.
  • the thickness 23c of the wall of the sheath 23-3,23-4 is greater than the thickness 23d of the wall of the sheath 23-1,23-2, such that the outer rays R of the walls of the two sheaths are identical and correspond to the internal diameter of the circular portion 21c of the buoyancy elements 21 applied against the walls of the sleeves, as shown on the figure 7 .
  • the buoyancy elements are locked between two flanges 22 by tie rods 24 connecting the two flanges 22 and providing prestressing of the buoyancy elements 21 between two flanges 22, and by strapping elements 26.
  • All the buoyancy elements of the same module 20 have an identical length so that once the module 20 assembled, the two outer faces of the flanges 22 of said module are parallel to each other.
  • a rubber plate 25a advantageously inserted between each of the buoyancy elements 21 and its housing 22a in the flange 22, a rubber plate 25a, of preferably of high stiffness neoprene, for example Shore hardness between A50 and A95 and 3 to 15 mm thick, so as to improve the isostaticity of the distribution of buoyancy forces and their transfer to the upper module.
  • neoprene plates 25b preferably of identical characteristics to the plates 25a, are placed outside the flanges, said plates 25b being inserted between two adjacent buoyancy modules 20.
  • FIG. 3A On the figure 3A the towing and hoisting of a tower 3, the buoyancy of which is evenly distributed along the tower 3 for its towing, is shown, the modules 20 being pre-assembled 20a, here 3 by 3 and interconnected at 31 by cables 30, a cable 30 being secured to one end of the upper support structure 4a and at the bottom of a fixed floating element on the lower structure 5.
  • the buoyancy modules 20 grouped by 3 can not move axially beyond a constant distance given by the cables 30 between the different groups of buoyancy modules 20. This ensures a buoyancy distributed over the entire length of the tower 30 when it is towed on the surface by at least one vessel 10-1, 10-2 using cables 15-1 connected to the upper structure 4a.
  • This configuration is interesting for very deep, because it allows to use syntactic foam of lower quality, because the deepest elements are at a depth H2 and not at the depth
  • This configuration further illustrates the difference of the device according to the invention with respect to the device of the prior art, described inter alia in FIG. WO-2006-136960 wherein each of the buoyancy modules is rigidly connected to the central tendon.
  • the buoyancy modules 20 due to their sliding along the tendons 4 and 3-1,3-4 conduits transfer all of their IF buoyancy to the upper structure 4a.
  • no compression force is transmitted to the central tendon 4 by the upper structure 4a, the latter supporting the entirety of the total weight of the pipes in suspension.
  • TR resultant traction
  • T1 TR - ( ⁇ F -Pt)], ie [(10 to 50% x Pt) - (2 to 10% x Pt)].
  • the foundation 11 must take a resultant traction T R which is also exerted on the float at the top 8, namely 10 to 50% x Pt (total weight of the tower).
  • the buoyancy modules 40 are integral with a central tendon 4 at cleats 41.
  • the buoyancy elements 40 transmit their buoyancy F directly to the central tendon 4 by means of the cleats 41 integral with the central tendon.
  • the buoyancy elements 40 provide a total IF buoyancy of 102 to 110% x Pt (total weight of the tower) to allow its towing on the surface.
  • the buoyancy modules 40 do not contribute any more to the buoyancy of the tower.
  • the central tendon 4, at the upper latch 41 is subjected to upward traction equal to F.
  • This upward traction F is transmitted to the level of the cleat located just in underneath: - the central tendon is then subjected to an upward pulling force equal to 2F, which is thus transmitted step by step to the last stop and to the foundation 11 which are then subjected to traction equal to ⁇ F to the top.
  • Pt weight of the tower
  • the upper portion of the tendon 4 located just below the upper structure 4-1 is subjected to a resultant compressive force substantially equal to Pt - F. And thus, the vertex 8-1 must bring an equal buoyancy T1 at T R + (Pt - F).
  • the foundation 11a must take up all the tractions which are exerted on the vertical tendon 4, along its height, namely the resulting tension T R is equal to 50% x Pt at the top of the tower, added total float F (IF), (TR + IF).
  • the foundation 11a must therefore recover from 112 to 160% x Pt, while according to the present invention, the float 8 at the top provides a clean buoyancy T1 [(T R - ( ⁇ F - Pt)] is (8 to 58% x Pt) and that the foundation 11 must take only the resulting tension T R at float 8, namely 10 to 50% of Pt.
  • the float at the top 8 according to the invention must therefore provide a much lower buoyancy than according to the prior art and the foundation 11 according to the present invention must also take a tensioning force much less than that of the prior art.
  • the total weight of the tower is deduced from the buoyancy provided by any fixed fixed buoyancy elements integrated in certain elements of the structure of the tower, namely the weight of the upper structure 4a, that of the lines 3-1,3-4 suspended to the upper carrier structure 4a including the weight of the gooseneck devices 7-1,7-2, the lower bends 3a and the automatic connectors 9a-9b, and that of the flexible foot joint 5a and said lower structure 5, but deduction made of the possible buoyancy provided by the integrated fixed buoyancy elements such as, where appropriate, at the level of said goosenecks, said upper structures 4a and lower 5, said automatic connectors 9a-9b and said flexible joint 5a.
  • the tower is able to remain vertical in the absence of the vertex tensioning float 8, as shown in FIGS. figures 2 and 3A , whereas in the prior art, said float must be permanently present to prevent compression of the central tendon.
  • This arrangement is particularly interesting for the installation phase and for the maintenance of the system, because in the event of an incident on said head float 8, as shown in FIG. figure 2 Simply bleed the vertical lines and flexible lines, disconnect the hoses from the FPSO and keep them sub-surface thanks to a small buoy connected to a dead body, so as to reduce considerably the horizontal force, so the angle ⁇ of the tower. Due to the additional buoyancy of the tower alone, the latter remains substantially vertical, and it is then possible to disconnect said head float to repair, for example, a buoyancy compartment that would show a leak, so a loss of buoyancy.

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Claims (10)

  1. Turm vom Typ Mehrfachriser-Hybridturm, umfassend:
    a) eine vertikale Sehne (4), die an ihrem oberen Ende mit einer Tragstruktur (4a) fest verbunden ist, welche geeignet ist, an einem oberflächennah versenkten Schwimmer, der als an der Spitze befindlicher Schwimmer (8) bezeichnet wird, vorzugsweise mittels einer Kette oder eines Seils (8a) aufgehängt zu werden, wobei die Sehne an ihrem unteren Ende mit einer unteren Führungsstruktur (5) fest verbunden ist und geeignet ist, an einem auf dem Meeresgrund aufliegenden Sockel oder einem in den Meeresgrund getriebenen Fundamentanker, vorzugsweise vom Typ Sauganker (11), befestigt zu werden, vorzugsweise über ein flexibles Gelenk (5a),
    b) eine Vielzahl von als Riser bezeichneten vertikalen, starren Leitungen (3-1, 3-2), wobei das obere Ende einer jeden Leitung oder Risers mit der Tragstruktur (4a) fest verbunden ist, wobei das untere Ende einer jeden starren Leitung oder Risers geeignet ist, mit einer auf dem Meeresgrund aufliegenden Unterwasserleitung (2-1, 2-2) verbunden zu werden, vorzugsweise durch automatische Verbinder zwischen den unteren Enden der Riser und Enden der Unterwasserleitungen (2-1, 2-2), und vorzugsweise durch gebogene Manschetten (2a) und/oder Verbindungsleitungen (2bc),
    c) eine Vielzahl von Mitteln zum Führen (22) der Riser, wobei die Führungsmittel sowie die untere Führungsstruktur (5) geeignet sind, die Riser um die Sehne herum angeordnet, vorzugsweise um die Sehne herum gleichmäßig und symmetrisch verteilt zu halten, und
    d) mit der Sehne zusammenwirkende, entlang der Sehne verteilte Auftriebselemente (21), vorzugsweise Auftriebselemente, die dem hydrostatischen Unterwasserdruck standhalten, weiterhin vorzugsweise Auftriebselemente aus syntaktischem Schaum, und
    e) der Turm (3) umfaßt eine Vielzahl von Auftriebs- und Führungsmodulen (20, 20-1, 20-n), die eine Vielzahl von unabhängigen Strukturen bilden, welche geeignet sind, entlang der Riser zu gleiten, die Auftriebselemente (21) tragen und die Riser, vorzugsweise um die Sehne herum gleichmäßig und symmetrisch verteilt, in Position führen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die unabhängigen Strukturen, welche die Auftriebs- und Führungsmodule (20, 20-1, 20-n) bilden, geeignet sind, entlang der Sehne zu gleiten.
  2. Turm nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gesamtheit der Auftriebsmodule (20) einen kumulierten Auftrieb (ΣF) liefern, der eine Zugkraft von größerer Stärke als das Gesamtgewicht des Turms (Pt) darstellt, vorzugsweise 102 bis 110 % des Gesamtgewichts des Turms, und wobei der an der Spitze befindliche Schwimmer (8) einen Eigenauftrieb (T1) liefert, welcher derart ist, daß T1 = TR - (ΣF - Pt), und das Fundament (11) wenigstens den resultierenden Zug (TR) an der Spitze des Turms aufnehmen muß, wobei TR die resultierende vertikale Spannung nach oben im Bereich des an der Spitze befindlichen Schwimmers (8) von gleich 5 bis 50 % des Gesamtgewichts des Turms (Pt), vorzugsweise 10 % bis 20 % des Gesamtgewichts des Turms darstellt.
  3. Turm nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich die Auftriebs- und Führungsmodule (20, 20-1, 20-n) über eine Länge von 2 bis 20 m erstrecken und deren Anzahl bei wenigstens 50, vorzugsweise 50 bis 500 Auftriebsmodulen für einen Turm mit einer Höhe von wenigstens 1.000 m liegt.
  4. Turm nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vielzahl von aneinander angeordneten Auftriebs- und Führungsmodulen nicht mehr als 75 %, vorzugsweise weniger als 50 % der Länge des Turms zwischen der Tragstruktur (4a) an der Spitze und der mit der Sehne fest verbundenen unteren Führungsstruktur (5) bedecken.
  5. Turm nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verschiedenen Auftriebs- und Führungsmodule (20, 20-1, 20-n) durch Verbindungselemente (30) miteinander verbunden sind, die geeignet sind, zu verhindern, daß sich das erste Modul (20-1) von der Tragstruktur (4a) entfernt und daß sich zwei aufeinanderfolgende Module (20-n, 20-n+1) um mehr als einen gegebenen, vorzugsweise identischen Maximalabstand (d) zwischen den verschiedenen Modulen entfernen, und wobei die Verbindungselemente (30) eine derartige Länge aufweisen, daß sich die verschiedenen Module im wesentlichen gleichmäßig über die gesamte Länge des Turms zwischen der Tragstruktur (4a) und der unteren Struktur (5) verteilen, wobei das erste Modul im Bereich der Tragstruktur verbunden ist und das letzte Modul in den Bereich der unteren Struktur (5) gelangt, wenn der Turm (3) von einem Schiff (10-1, 10-2) geschleppt auf der Meeresoberfläche (13) treibt, und wobei die Verbindungselemente (30) die Module nicht daran hindern, nach oben zu gleiten, wenn der Turm gekippt und in einer Anlage zur Verbindung von Grund und Oberfläche in vertikale Betriebsposition gebracht wird.
  6. Anlage zur Verbindung von Grund und Oberfläche (1) zwischen einer Vielzahl von auf dem Meeresgrund (12) aufliegenden Unterwasserleitungen (2-1, 2-2) und einem schwimmenden Träger (10) an der Oberfläche (13), umfassend:
    1) einen Turm nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 und
    2) eine Vielzahl von Verbindungsleitungen, vorzugsweise flexible Verbindungsleitungen (6-1, 6-2) zwischen den oberen Enden der Riser und dem schwimmenden Träger (10), weiterhin vorzugsweise flexible Leitungen mit der Form von eintauchenden Kettenlinien, wobei die flexiblen Leitungen (6-1, 6-2) mit dem oberen Ende der Riser über schwanenhalsartige Vorrichtungen (7-1, 7-2) verbunden sind.
  7. Verfahren zum Schleppen eines Turms nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 im Meer und zum Aufstellen in einer Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Turm an der Oberfläche treibt, wenn er mittels wenigstens eines Überwasserschiffs (10-1, 10-2) geschleppt wird, wobei die Auftriebs- und Führungsmodule (20) über dessen gesamte Länge verteilt, vorzugsweise gleichmäßig verteilt und voneinander beabstandet sind, und nach dem Kippen des Turms die Auftriebs- und Führungsmodule nach oben gleiten, bis sie unter- und gegeneinander gedrückt sind, vorzugsweise über lediglich einen Teil der Höhe des Turms.
  8. Auftriebs- und Führungsmodul (20) eines Turms nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, umfassend zwei Flansche (22), die über Streben (24) miteinander verbunden sind, sowie zylindrische Auftriebselemente (21), die zwischen den und durch die beiden Flansche(n) blockiert und in Position gehalten sind, vorzugsweise ein einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt aufweisendes Modul bilden, wobei jeder Flansch eine mittlere Öffnung und umfangsseitige Öffnungen (23-1, 23-4) umfaßt, wobei die umfangsseitigen Öffnungen (23-1, 23-4) und die Auftriebselemente (21) die gleiche Form aufweisen und um die mittlere Öffnung (23) herum angeordnet, vorzugsweise gleichmäßig und symmetrisch um die mittlere Öffnung (23) verteilt sind, wobei die Öffnungen (23, 23-1, 23-4) Hülsen bilden, die geeignet sind, von Risern und einer Sehne durchgriffen zu werden, wodurch die Gleitführung der Module ermöglicht wird.
  9. Auftriebs- und Führungsmodul (20) nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Flansch eine Vielzahl von aneinander befestigten Flanschteilen (22-1, 22-4), vorzugsweise wenigstens genauso viele Flanschteile wie umfangsseitige Öffnungen (23-1, 23-4) umfaßt, wobei jeder Flanschteil geeignet ist, das Längsende eines zylindrischen Auftriebselements (21) zu blockieren und zu halten.
  10. Auftriebs- und Führungsmodul (20) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es erste elastische Elemente (25a), die vorzugsweise in Form von Platten zwischen den Längsenden der Auftriebselemente und den Flanschen wenigstens an einem Längsende des Moduls eingefügt sind, sowie vorzugsweise auch zweite elastische Elemente (25b) an den Außenseiten von wenigstens einem der beiden Flansche, vorzugsweise in Form von Platten, umfaßt, um die statische Bestimmtheit der Verteilung der Auftriebskräfte und deren Übertragung zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Modulen zu verbessern.
EP10706303.4A 2009-02-26 2010-01-14 Meeresgrund-oberflächen-verbindungsinstallation der mehrfachsteigrohrhybridturmart mit gleitenden auftriebsmodulen Active EP2401468B1 (de)

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FR0951218A FR2942497B1 (fr) 2009-02-26 2009-02-26 Installation de liaison fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-riser comprenant des modules de flottabilite coulissants
PCT/FR2010/050057 WO2010097528A1 (fr) 2009-02-26 2010-01-14 Installation de liaison fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-riser comprenant des modules de flottabilite coulissants

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FR2952671B1 (fr) * 2009-11-17 2011-12-09 Saipem Sa Installation de liaisons fond-surface disposees en eventail
FR2973473B1 (fr) 2011-03-29 2014-06-13 Saipem Sa Materiau d'isolation thermique et/ou de flottabilite rigide pour conduite sous-marine
US8657013B2 (en) 2011-08-19 2014-02-25 Cameron International Corporation Riser system
FR2988424B1 (fr) * 2012-03-21 2014-04-25 Saipem Sa Installation de liaisons fond-surface de type tour hybride multi-risers comprenant des conduites flexibles a flottabilite positive
ES2900102T3 (es) 2013-02-20 2022-03-15 Univ Emory Composiciones para la secuenciación de ácidos nucleicos en mezclas
US9562399B2 (en) 2014-04-30 2017-02-07 Seahourse Equipment Corp. Bundled, articulated riser system for FPSO vessel
BR102018076868A2 (pt) * 2018-12-21 2020-07-07 Odebrecht Óleo E Gás S.A. sistema de guias em uma torre de elevação híbrida, e, torre de elevação híbrida
FR3106644B1 (fr) 2020-01-24 2022-04-15 Matthieu Hoarau Conduite pour l’alimentation d’une unité de production d’énergie hydrothermique.

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ES8105437A1 (es) * 1980-05-20 1981-05-16 Fayren Jose Marco Instalacion para la perforacion y explotacion de yacimientospetroliferos marinos localizados en aguas profundas
FR2768457B1 (fr) * 1997-09-12 2000-05-05 Stolt Comex Seaway Dispositif de transport sous-marin de produits petroliers a colonne montante
FR2790054B1 (fr) 1999-02-19 2001-05-25 Bouygues Offshore Procede et dispositif de liaison fond-surface par conduite sous marine installee a grande profondeur
WO2002053869A1 (en) * 2001-01-08 2002-07-11 Stolt Offshore S.A. Marine riser tower
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GB0227851D0 (en) * 2002-11-29 2003-01-08 Stolt Offshore Sa Subsea structure and methods of construction and installation thereof
EP1788264B1 (de) 2004-08-02 2018-05-16 NTN Corporation Wälzlager für schwinge
GB0512471D0 (en) * 2005-06-18 2005-07-27 Stolt Offshore Sa Hybrid riser tower and methods of installation thereof
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GB0704670D0 (en) * 2006-11-08 2007-04-18 Acergy France Sa Hybrid tower and methods of installing same

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FR2942497B1 (fr) 2013-04-26
ES2637445T3 (es) 2017-10-13
FR2942497A1 (fr) 2010-08-27
EP2401468A1 (de) 2012-01-04
WO2010097528A1 (fr) 2010-09-02

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