EP2432072B1 - Breitband-Symmetrieüberträger auf mehrlagigem Schaltkreis für eine Netzantenne - Google Patents

Breitband-Symmetrieüberträger auf mehrlagigem Schaltkreis für eine Netzantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2432072B1
EP2432072B1 EP11182224.3A EP11182224A EP2432072B1 EP 2432072 B1 EP2432072 B1 EP 2432072B1 EP 11182224 A EP11182224 A EP 11182224A EP 2432072 B1 EP2432072 B1 EP 2432072B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
balun
conductive layer
line
transmission line
transmission
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EP11182224.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2432072A1 (de
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Bernard Perpere
Stéphane Mallegol
Joël HERAULT
Ludovic Schreider
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H01P5/10—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices for coupling balanced lines or devices with unbalanced lines or devices

Definitions

  • the invention lies in the field of network antennas, in particular broadband network antennas with electronic scanning. It relates to a balun that can feed an elementary antenna of the network antenna. It also relates to a set of baluns adapted to power each elementary antenna of a network antenna and an antenna device comprising a network antenna and a set of baluns adapted to power each elementary antenna of the network antenna.
  • An electronic scanning array antenna comprises in particular a set of radiating elements arranged in the form of a matrix and, for each radiating element, a transmission chain, a reception chain and a circulator or commutator allowing the unidirectional transfer of microwave signals. from the transmission chain to the associated radiating element and from the radiating element to the associated reception channel.
  • the transmission chains each include a phase shift element so as to allow the modification of the directivity and the orientation of the beam emitted by the network antenna.
  • a scanning electron network antenna thus allows, in relatively short times, to ensure either a continuous scanning of the space, or successive pointing in specific directions, or alternations beam narrow - extended beam, or any other combination of these situations.
  • a network antenna may further comprise a cavity intended to absorb the radiation emitted in the direction of the antenna support, called the back radiation, and therefore to reduce the radiation reflected in phase shift with the radiation emitted in the opposite direction, called radiation. before.
  • a network antenna When a network antenna has a large number of radiating elements, which can reach several thousand, it can comprise a channel trainer grouping the radiating elements into different sets called sub-networks. The radiating elements are then no longer fed individually but in blocks, all the radiating elements of the same sub-network receiving the same signal microwave. All the components of the network antenna for supplying the radiating elements is called the control circuit.
  • Network antennas comprising planar-type radiating elements can be produced on multilayer circuits.
  • the planar-type radiating elements form, for example, square patterns, also called "patches".
  • a multilayer circuit can integrate all the microwave components of a network antenna with a relatively small footprint. In particular, it allows the integration of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, for example encapsulated in ball housings, or BGA boxes according to the English expression "Ball Grid Array”.
  • a layer of the circuit can fulfill the cavity function. The thickness of this layer is then of the order of a quarter of the wavelength of the central frequency ( ⁇ / 4) and its dielectric constant is chosen relatively low.
  • a network antenna must therefore have a balun between each radiating element and the circulator (or switch) connected to the transmission and reception chains associated with this radiating element.
  • a balun also called “balun” according to the English expression " ba lanced-to- a balanced transformer” not only ensures a transition between a symmetrical propagation mode and an asymmetrical propagation mode, but also to gradually adapt the impedance of each radiating element, typically of the order of 200 ohms to that of the control circuit, in principle 50 ohms.
  • a so-called progressive balun consists of a printed circuit comprising, on two opposite sides separated by a dielectric substrate, two conductive lines extending between a symmetrical connector and an asymmetrical connector, of electrical length close to the wavelength of the central frequency. .
  • the conductive line of the first face is of constant width and the conductive line of the second face sees its width decrease from the asymmetrical connector to the symmetrical connector.
  • Balancers progressive are generally arranged in planes orthogonal to the radiating surface, that is to say orthogonal to the different layers of the multilayer circuit. Therefore, they can not be integrated in the multilayer circuit of a network antenna. There are several disadvantages.
  • baluns congestion of these baluns in the direction orthogonal to the radiating surface, which affects the compactness of the network antenna.
  • a second disadvantage is that the progressive baluns impose a mechanical separation between the multilayer circuit incorporating the control circuit and the printed or multilayer circuit on which the radiating elements are located.
  • a third disadvantage is related to the difficulty of making a reliable connection between the control circuit and the baluns on the one hand, and between the baluns and the radiators on the other hand.
  • each balun would comprise a connecting element which is inserted between the symmetrical connector and the supply line of a radiating element.
  • baluners allow of course to gain space in the direction orthogonal to the radiating surface, but there is then a problem of implantation in a plane parallel to the plane of the radiating surface. Indeed, the matrix arrangement of the radiating elements imposes a similar arrangement of the baluns. Therefore, each balun should have a surface, in a plane parallel to the plane of the radiating surface, which is smaller than the surface of a radiating element. This surface must even be halved for bipolarized network antennas, that is to say having two radiating elements per elementary cell. At the same time, the baluns must remain sufficiently decoupled from each other to avoid any electromagnetic interaction.
  • the document US 6,278,340 B1 discloses a multilayer balun comprising two pairs of coupled transmission lines separated by a dielectric substrate.
  • the document US 5,697,088 A discloses a first balun also comprising two pairs of coupled transmission lines separated by a dielectric substrate. It further describes a second balun comprising a first line of transmission composed of two spiral portions formed on the first layer of a dielectric substrate, and two transmission lines each taking the form of one of the portions of the first transmission line, said transmission lines being formed on a second layer dielectric substrate.
  • the document US 5,497,137 A describes a balun comprising transmission lines etched on three sides of electrical substrates.
  • the invention has the particular advantage that the entire network antenna device, the control circuit to the radiating elements through the baluns, can be realized on a multilayer circuit.
  • the balun according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a relatively wide bandwidth, for example between one and three octaves.
  • the fourth conductive layer may be adapted to receive the elementary antenna, the balun further comprising a metallized hole through the first, second and fourth substrate layers. for electrically connecting the first asymmetrical connection point to an input point of the balun on the fifth conductive layer, the entry point being isolated from the ground plane formed on the conductive layer.
  • the entry point of the balun is for example formed by a coaxial type connector.
  • the balun may further comprise two metallized holes passing through the first, second and third substrate layers so as to electrically connect each symmetrical connection point to an output point of the balun located on the fourth conductive layer, the output points being isolated from the ground plane formed on this conductive layer.
  • At least the first transmission line, or the fifth transmission line, or the second, third and fourth transmission lines are curved so as to reduce their bulk on the conductive layer on which they are formed.
  • At least one transmission line may be surrounded by metallized holes connected to ground planes to enhance the electromagnetic isolation of this transmission line.
  • the symmetrizer junction is for example made by a savings zone intersecting the fourth transmission line.
  • the predetermined frequency is substantially equal to the central frequency of the operating frequency band of the balun.
  • the invention also relates to a set of baluns as described above, each balun being able to feed an elementary antenna, the elementary antennas forming globally a network antenna, the conductive layers of each balun forming a same multilayer circuit.
  • the balancers of the assembly can be arranged in such a way that their exit points are able to coincide with feed points of an elementary antenna.
  • the invention finally relates to a network antenna device comprising a network antenna formed of elementary antennas each comprising two radiating elements and a set of baluns as described above.
  • balun also called balun in the English literature, allows a gradual transition of impedance between an input impedance and an output impedance. It also makes it possible to ensure a transition between an asymmetric propagation mode and a symmetrical propagation mode.
  • the balun allows an impedance transition between the impedance of a control circuit, typically 50 ohms, and the impedance of radiating elements, of the order of 190 ohms for radiating elements of a planar antenna. It also makes it possible to supply two radiating elements of an elementary antenna with two microwave signals in phase opposition from a coaxial connector.
  • the balun subject of the invention is based on a Laughlin type balun as described in the document LAUGHLIN, GJ: "A New Impedance-Matched Wide-Band Balun and Magic Tee", IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. MTT-24, March 1976 . It relies in particular on the microstrip version ("Microstrip balun") of this balun.
  • the figure 1 represents a Laughlin type balun 10 with conventional topology.
  • a balun is composed of quarter-wave transformers at the center frequency of the operating frequency band. In the band L, this central frequency f 0 is equal to 1.45 GHz.
  • the balun 10 comprises six transmission lines, denoted 11 to 16, of respective impedance Z11 to Z16.
  • the transmission lines 14 to 16 are split. In other words, they each comprise two line sections, denoted XA and XB, where X designates one of the transmission lines 14 to 16.
  • Each line section XA and XB has an impedance Z'X that is twice as low as the ZX impedance of the transmission line to which it belongs.
  • the transmission lines 12 to 15 each have one end connected to the others at a point called junction of the balun 18.
  • the free end of the second transmission line 12 is connected to one end of the first transmission line 11, the other end of the transmission line 11 forming an asymmetrical entry point IN of the balun 10.
  • the free end of the third transmission line 13 ends with an open circuit.
  • the free end of the fourth transmission line 14 ends in a short-circuit, the line sections 14A and 14B being connected to an electrical mass of the balun 10.
  • the free end of the fifth transmission line 15 is connected to one end of the sixth transmission line 16. More specifically, the free end of each line section 15A and 15B is connected to one end of a line section 16A and 16B, respectively.
  • the free ends of the line sections 16A and 16B form the symmetrical output points, denoted OUTA and OUTB, of the balun 10.
  • the electrical length of each transmission line is approximately equal to 29 mm.
  • the balun 10 therefore has dimensions substantially equal to 58 mm by 116 mm. These dimensions are incompatible with the dimensions of a mesh of a network antenna operating in the L-band, namely of the order of 80 mm by 80 mm.
  • the invention proposes a balun made from a multilayer circuit and whose dimensions can be compatible with the dimensions of a mesh of a network antenna.
  • the figure 2 represents an example of multilayer circuit on which can be integrated one or more baluns according to the invention.
  • the multilayer circuit 20 comprises for example four substrate layers of dielectric material.
  • the dielectric material preferably has a low dielectric constant.
  • the transmission lines of the balun can be made from metal tracks of width greater than one tenth of a millimeter while having a relatively high impedance.
  • a low dielectric constant allows the substrate layers on which the transmission lines are made to be sufficiently thick to make metallized holes thereon.
  • the dielectric constant of the dielectric material may differ between the different substrate layers in order to obtain the desired impedances.
  • the dielectric material also preferably has a relatively low dielectric loss angle tangent to limit the contribution of the material losses to the insertion losses of the multilayer circuit.
  • the dielectric material preferably has a coefficient of thermal expansion along the stacking axis of the relatively small circuit layers.
  • the stacking axis corresponds to the axis of the metallized holes that can be made in the substrate layers.
  • the metallized holes thus have good mechanical resistance to possible variations in temperature.
  • Each substrate layer comprises a so-called upper face, denoted YA, and a so-called lower face, denoted YB, where Y denotes a substrate layer.
  • a first substrate layer 21 is metallized on its upper face 21A so as to form a first conductive layer 21 AM.
  • This conductive layer 21 AM can serve as a support for a network antenna.
  • an integrated circuit or a multilayer circuit comprising radiating elements may be mounted on the conductive layer 21 AM.
  • the conductive layer 21 AM forms a first ground plane and thus constitutes an electromagnetic shielding vis-à-vis the network antenna.
  • the first substrate layer 21 is mounted on a second substrate layer 22, the lower face 21B of the first substrate layer 21 facing the upper face 22A of the second substrate layer 22.
  • the substrate layer 22 is metallized on its upper 22A and lower 22B faces so as to form respectively second and third conductive layers 22AM and 22BM.
  • the conductive layer 22AM forms a second ground plane in which are cut off three respective impedance transmission lines Z1, Z2 and Z3 and of equivalent electrical length substantially equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the central frequency f 0 .
  • the conductive layer 22AM forms transmission lines and a ground plane outside these transmission lines.
  • the transmission lines are isolated from the ground plane, for example by savings zones, that is to say non-metallized zones.
  • the transmission lines formed on the conductive layer 22AM correspond to the transmission lines 11 to 13 of the figure 1 .
  • the conductive layer 22BM forms a third ground plane in which is cut off an impedance transmission line Z4 corresponding to the transmission line 14 of the figure 1 .
  • This transmission line consists of two line sections separated from one another at one of their ends by a balun junction and terminated at their other end by a short circuit with the third ground plane.
  • a balun junction is also called a capacitive break.
  • Each line section has an impedance equal to half of the impedance Z4 and an equivalent electrical length substantially equal to one-eighth of the wavelength of the center frequency f 0 .
  • the second substrate layer 22 is itself mounted on a third substrate layer 23, the lower face 22B of the second substrate layer 22 facing the upper face 23A of the third substrate layer 23.
  • the substrate layer 23 is metallized on its lower face 23B to form a fourth conductive layer 23BM.
  • This conductive layer 23BM forms a fourth ground plane in which are cut off two respective impedance transmission lines Z5 and Z6.
  • the equivalent electrical lengths of these transmission lines are each substantially equal to one quarter of the wavelength of the central frequency f 0 .
  • These transmission lines correspond respectively to the transmission lines 15 and 16 of the figure 1 .
  • the balun according to the invention may comprise a different number of transmission lines. transmission on these conductive layers. In particular, it may have only two transmission lines in series on the conductive layer 22AM.
  • the total number of symmetrizer transmission lines, called the balun order influences the standing wave rate and the insertion losses of the circuit. The higher the order of the balun, the higher the standing wave ratio and the modulus of the reflection coefficient. However, insertion losses also increase with the order of the balun. A compromise is then necessary depending on the intended application.
  • the substrate layers 21 to 24 may be held together by gluing, for example by means of sticky films arranged between two superimposed layers. They can also be held by screws passing through non-metallized holes made in the different substrate layers 21 to 24.
  • the figure 3 represents the different conductive layers of the multilayer circuit in plan view.
  • the Figures 3a to 3e respectively represent the conductive layers 21 AM, 22AM, 22BM, 23BM and 24BM.
  • the figure 3f illustrates the arrangement of the different conductive layers by a projection on the same plane of the transmission lines.
  • the transmission lines of the conductive layer 22AM denoted 31, 32 and 33.
  • the transmission line 32 is connected at one end to one end of the transmission line 31 and at its other end to one end of the transmission line.
  • the transmission lines 31, 32 and 33 are adapted to progressively change from one line width to another.
  • the free end of the transmission line 31 forms an asymmetrical connection point 31IN.
  • the free end of the transmission line 33 ends with an open circuit.
  • the transmission lines 31, 32 and 33 are curved to reduce their bulk in the plane of the conductive layer 22AM. They are for example curved around a central point of the conductive layer 22AM.
  • Each transmission line 31 to 33 is surrounded by a savings zone making it possible to isolate it from the second ground plane 22APM formed by the conducting layer 22AM.
  • the transmission line denoted 34, impedance Z4. It is surrounded by a savings zone for isolating it from the third ground plane 22BPM formed by the conductive layer 22BM.
  • the two line segments 34A and 34B are separated from each other at one of their ends by a balun junction 34J.
  • the symmetrizer junction 34J is for example made by cutting the transmission line 34 by the savings zone.
  • the free ends of the line sections 34A and 34B terminate in a short circuit. In this case, they come into direct contact with the 22BPM ground plane.
  • the transmission line 34 is formed on the conductive layer 22BM so as to come opposite the transmission line 33.
  • the transmission lines 33 and 34 are dimensioned and positioned so that, by way of projection in a plane parallel to the plane of the faces 22A and 22B, they are substantially merged, as illustrated in FIG. figure 3f . This positioning allows electromagnetic coupling between the transmission lines 33 and 34.
  • the transmission lines of the conductive layer 23BM denoted 35 and 36.
  • the transmission line 35 has two line sections 35A and 35B connected at one of their ends at the balun junction 34J.
  • the electrical lengths of the line segments 35A and 35B are each substantially equal to one-eighth of the wavelength of the center frequency f 0 .
  • the transmission line 35 is formed on the conductive layer 23BM so that the line sections 35A and 35B respectively face the line sections 34A and 34B.
  • the transmission lines 33, 34 and 35 are dimensioned and positioned so that, by projection on a plane parallel to the planes of the conductive layers 22AM, 22BM and 23BM, they are substantially merged, as shown in FIG. figure 3f .
  • the transmission line 34 is substantially midway between the transmission lines 33 and 35. It forms a sort of triplate line.
  • the symmetrizer junction 34J and the relative positioning of the transmission line 34 with respect to the transmission lines 33 and 35 makes it possible to switch from an asymmetrical propagation mode on a single line, in this case the transmission line 33, to a symmetrical propagation mode on two line sections, in this case the line sections 35A and 35B.
  • the superposition of the transmission lines 33, 34 and 35 reduces the area occupied by the balun.
  • the transmission line 36 also comprises two line sections 36A and 36B. One end of the line section 36A, respectively 36B, is connected to the free end of the line section 35A, respectively 36B.
  • the free ends of the line sections 36A and 36B form symmetrical connection points 36OUTA and 360UTB. In the embodiment of the figure 3 these connection points are connected to output points of the balun OUTA and OUTB located on the conductive layer 21 AM. They are connected via metallized holes made in the substrate layers 21, 22 and 23. These metallized holes can be isolated from the 21APM, 22APM, 22BPM and 23BPM ground planes by providing savings zones on the conductive layers. corresponding.
  • the line sections 36A and 36B are bent in order to reduce their bulk in the plane of the conductive layer 23BM. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, they are curved so as to register in the surface delimited by the projection of the transmission lines 31, 32 and 33 on the conducting layer 23BM, as shown in FIG. figure 3f .
  • the line segments 36A and 36B are each surrounded by a savings zone enabling them to be isolated from the 23BPM ground plane.
  • connection point 31IN is connected to an SMA type coaxial connector.
  • the SMA connector is mounted on the conductive layer 24BM.
  • the center core of the SMA connector forms an IN point of the balun, as shown in FIG. figure 3e .
  • the SMA connector can be connected to a prismatic line to match the input impedance of the balun.
  • a prismatic line comprises a central electrical conductor and four parallel peripheral electrical conductors regularly distributed in a circle centered on the central electrical conductor.
  • the electrical conductors can be made by metallized holes.
  • the central electrical conductor is connected to the connection point 31IN, the corresponding metallized hole passing through the substrate layers 22, 23 and 24.
  • the peripheral electrical conductors pass through the substrate layers 21 to 24.
  • Savings zones are for example arranged on the conductive layers 22AM, 22BM, 23BM and 24BM in the vicinity of the metallized holes.
  • the transmission lines 31 to 36 are for example made on the various conductive layers by etching. Due to the presence of the 22BPM ground plane, the transmission lines 31, 32 and 36 form microstrip lines, also called microstrip lines in the English literature.
  • the figure 4 represents a particular embodiment of the balun according to the invention in a top view of the multilayer circuit 20.
  • the transmission lines 31 to 36 are surrounded by metallized holes 41 made in the layers of substrate adjacent to the layers. conductors on which they are formed.
  • the metallized holes 41 are connected to ground planes of the multilayer circuit. This embodiment provides better electromagnetic isolation of the transmission lines.
  • the transmission lines 31 to 36 as well as the thickness and permittivity of the substrate layers 21 to 24 can be dimensioned from an electromagnetic simulation software of multilayer circuits.
  • the substrate layers 22 and 23 have for example a thickness of 254 ⁇ m and the substrate layers 21 and 24 have a thickness of 762 ⁇ m for a relative permittivity substantially equal to 2.94 .
  • the conductive layers 21AM, 22AM, 22BM, 23BM and 24BM have for example a thickness of 17.5 microns.
  • the transmission line 31 then has an impedance Z1 equal to 61.89 ⁇ and an average width of 300 ⁇ m, the transmission line 32 an impedance Z2 equal to 74.21 ⁇ and an average width of 200 ⁇ m, and the line of transmission 33 an impedance Z3 equal to 78.97 ⁇ and an average width of 200 microns.
  • the line sections 34A and 34B each have an impedance Z'4 of 30.83 ⁇ and an average width of 1.2 mm, the line sections 35A and 35B have an impedance Z'5 of 48.18 ⁇ and an average width 800 ⁇ m, and the line sections 36A and 36B an impedance Z'6 of 84.82 ⁇ and an average width of 200 microns.
  • the width of the line sections 35A and 35B, that of the line sections 36A and 36B, or that of each line section evolves gradually in the vicinity of the connection points between the line sections 35A and 36A on the one hand, and between the line sections 35B and 36B on the other hand.
  • the impedance of the line sections 35A and 35B is thus gradually adapted to that of the line sections 36A and 36B.
  • balun described above allows to feed a monopole antenna. Due to its small size, it is particularly well suited to network antennas.
  • the balun is also suitable for feeding bipolarization array antennas. Two baluns can be superimposed or made on the same layers of a multilayer circuit. They allow the supply of an antenna according to two orthogonal polarizations while respecting the dimensions of the mesh of the network.
  • the small size of the baluns can also be exploited to expand the frequency band of a network antenna, the frequency band being distributed over several baluns.
  • the figure 5 represents, in top view, an example of a bipolarization array antenna.
  • the network antenna 50 comprises 17 radiating elements 51 of patch type arranged in a matrix of 7 rows by 5 columns.
  • the radiating elements 51 located in the corners of the matrix are fed only at a feed point 52. They are not used in this antenna example.
  • the other radiating elements 51 located at the periphery of the matrix are fed at two supply points 52. All the other radiating elements 51 are fed at four supply points 52.
  • Two adjacent radiating elements 51 are fed by a line of symmetrical supply, said two-wire, the supply line being connected to two feed points 52.
  • Two adjacent radiating elements 51 thus receive microwave signals in phase opposition and form an elementary monopole antenna inclined at either -45 ° or + 45 °.
  • the polarization of the grating antenna 50 resulting from all the radiating elements 51 can be -45 °, + 45 °, horizontal or vertical.
  • the radiating elements 51 form squares. The radiating elements can nevertheless take any other form.
  • the figure 6 illustrates the arrangement of baluns according to the invention for supplying the radiating elements 51 of the network antenna 50 represented on the figure 5 .
  • the multilayer circuit 20 comprises twenty balancers 61 represented on the figure 6 by a projection on the same plane of their transmission lines.
  • the baluns 61 are arranged in a matrix of four lines by four columns, completed by two baluns 61 on the second column and two other baluns 61 on the third column.
  • the baluns 61 are arranged so that their symmetrical connection points OUTA and OUTB coincide with feed points 52 of two adjacent radiating elements 51.
  • each balun 61 supplies either a monopole antenna inclined at -45 ° or a monopole antenna inclined at + 45 °.

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Claims (12)

  1. Symmetrierglied, das geeignet ist, eine Elementarantenne zu speisen, die zwei symmetrische Verbindungspunkte aufweist, wobei das Symmetrierglied (61) umfasst:
    ▪ einen unsymmetrischen Verbinder, der einen ersten unsymmetrischen Verbindungspunkt (31IN), der geeignet ist, mit einem Kern eines elektrischen Leiters verbunden zu werden und einen zweiten unsymmetrischen Verbindungspunkt aufweist, der geeignet ist, mit einer Abschirmung des elektrischen Leiters verbunden zu werden,
    ▪ einen symmetrischen Verbinder, der zwei symmetrische Verbindungspunkte (36OUTA, 36OUTB) aufweist, die geeignet sind, mit den Verbindungspunkten der Elementarantenne verbunden zu werden, und
    ▪ eine Mehrlagenschaltung (20), die mindestens drei leitfähige Lagen (22AM, 22BM, 23BM) aufweist, wobei eine erste Trägermateriallage (22) eine erste und eine zweite leitfähige Lage (22AM, 22BM) trennt und eine zweite Trägermateriallage (23) die zweite und eine dritte leitfähige Lage (22BM, 23BM) trennt,
    - wobei die erste leitfähige Lage (22AM) eine erste Massefläche (22APM) bildet, in der eine erste und eine zweite Transmissionsleitung (31, 33) in Reihe geroutet werden, wobei ein erstes freies Ende der Transmissionsleitungen (31, 33) den ersten unsymmetrischen Verbindungspunkt (31IN) bildet, wobei ein zweites freies Ende der Transmissionsleitung (31, 33) vom Typ offener Stromkreis ist,
    - wobei die zweite leitfähige Lage (22BM) eine zweite Massefläche (22BPM) bildet, in der eine dritte Transmissionsleitung (34) geroutet wird, die der Transmissionsleitung (33) im Wesentlichen gegenüberliegt, die durch einen offenen Stromkreis abgeschlossen wird, um sie elektromagnetisch zu koppeln, wobei die dritte Transmissionsleitung (34) aus zwei Leitungsabschnitten (34A, 34B) gebildet wird, wobei ein erstes Ende eines ersten Leitungsabschnitts (34A) mit einem ersten Ende des zweiten Leitungsabschnitts (34B) durch eine Symmetriergliedverbindung (34J) verbunden wird, wobei die zweiten Enden jedes Leitungsabschnitts (34A, 34B) mit der zweiten Massefläche (22BPM) kurzgeschlossen werden,
    - wobei die dritte leitfähige Lage (23BM) eine dritte Massefläche (23BPM) bildet, in der eine vierte und eine fünfte Transmissionsleitung (35, 36) geroutet werden, wobei die vierte Transmissionsleitung aus zwei Leitungsabschnitten (35A, 35B) gebildet wird, wobei jeder Leitungsabschnitt (35A, 35B) der vierten Transmissionsleitung (35) sich im Wesentlichen gegenüber einem der Leitungsabschnitte (34A, 34B) der dritten Transmissionsleitung (34) befindet, um sie elektromagnetisch zu koppeln, wobei erste Enden jedes Leitungsabschnitts (35A, 35B) der vierten Transmissionsleitung untereinander an der Symmetriergliedverbindung (34J) verbunden werden, wobei die fünfte Transmissionsleitung (36) aus zwei Leitungsabschnitten (36A, 36B) gebildet wird, wobei ein Ende jedes dieser Leitungsabschnitte (36A, 36B) mit dem freien Ende eines der Leitungsabschnitte (35A, 35B) der vierten Transmissionsleitung (35) verbunden wird, wobei die freien Enden der Leitungsabschnitte (36A, 36B) der fünften Transmissionsleitung (36) die symmetrischen Verbindungspunkte (36OUTA, 36OUTB) bilden,
    - wobei die Transmissionsleitungen (31-36) so dimensioniert werden, dass die äquivalenten elektrischen Längen der ersten und zweiten Transmissionsleitung (31, 33) und die äquivalenten elektrischen Längen der Leitungsabschnitte (34A, 34B, 35A, 35B, 36A, 36B) der dritten, vierten und fünften Transmissionsleitung (34, 35, 36) jeweils im Wesentlichen ein Viertel der Wellenlänge einer vorbestimmten Frequenz betragen und um einen vorbestimmten Impedanzübergang zwischen dem ersten unsymmetrischen Verbindungspunkt (31IN) und den symmetrischen Verbindungspunkten (36OUTA, 36OUTB) zu ermöglichen, wobei der zweite unsymmetrische Verbindungspunkt mit mindestens einer der Masseflächen (22APM, 22BPM, 23BPM) verbunden wird.
  2. Symmetrierglied nach Anspruch 1, das ferner umfasst:
    ▪ eine von der ersten leitfähigen Lage (22AM) durch eine dritte Trägermateriallage (21) getrennte vierte leitfähige Lage (21 AM), die eine vierte Massefläche (21 APM) bildet,
    ▪ eine von der dritten leitfähigen Lage (23BM) durch eine vierte Trägermateriallage (24) getrennte fünfte leitfähige Lage (24BM), die eine fünfte Massefläche (24BPM) bildet, wobei die vierte und fünfte leitfähige Lage (21AM, 24BM) eine elektromagnetische Abschirmung der drei ersten leitfähigen Lagen (22AM, 22BM, 23BM) bilden.
  3. Symmetrierglied nach Anspruch 2, in dem die vierte leitfähige Lage (21 AM) geeignet ist, die Elementarantenne zu empfangen, wobei das Symmetrierglied (61) ferner ein metallisiertes Loch umfasst, das durch die erste, zweite und vierte Trägermateriallage (22, 23, 24) geht, um den ersten unsymmetrischen Verbindungspunkt (31 IN) mit einem auf der fünften leitfähigen Lage (24BM) angeordneten Eingangspunkt (IN) des Symmetrierglieds elektrisch zu verbinden, wobei der Eingangspunkt (IN) von der auf dieser leitfähigen Lage (24BM) gebildeten Massefläche (24BPM) isoliert wird.
  4. Symmetrierglied nach Anspruch 3, in dem der Eingangspunkt (IN) des Symmetrierglieds durch einen koaxialen Verbinder gebildet wird.
  5. Symmetrierglied nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, das ferner zwei metallisierte Löcher umfasst, die durch die erste, zweite und dritte Trägermateriallage (21, 22, 23) gehen, um jeden symmetrischen Verbindungspunkt (36OUTA, 36OUTB) mit einem auf der vierten leitfähigen Lage (21 AM) angeordneten Ausgangspunkt (OUTA, OUTB) des Symmetrierglieds elektrisch zu verbinden, wobei die Ausgangspunkte (OUTA, OUTB) von der auf dieser leitfähigen Lage (21 AM) gebildeten Massefläche (21 APM) isoliert werden.
  6. Symmetrierglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem mindestens die erste Transmissionsleitung (31) oder die fünfte Transmissionsleitung (36) oder die zweite, dritte und vierte Transmissionsleitung (33, 34, 35) gekrümmt werden, um ihren Platzbedarf auf der leitfähigen Lage (22AM, 22BM, 23BM), auf der sie gebildet werden, zu reduzieren.
  7. Symmetrierglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem mindestens eine Transmissionsleitung (31-36) von mit Masseflächen (21APM, 22APM, 22BPM, 23BPM, 24BPM) verbundenen metallisierten Löchern umgeben wird.
  8. Symmetrierglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem die Symmetriergliedverbindung (34J) durch einen Aussparbereich ausgeführt wird, der die dritte Transmissionsleitung (34) schneidet.
  9. Symmetrierglied nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, in dem die vorbestimmte Frequenz im Wesentlichen gleich der Mittenfrequenz des Bandes der Betriebsfrequenzen des Symmetrierglieds (61) ist.
  10. Gesamtheit der Symmetrierglieder nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei jedes Symmetrierglied (61) geeignet ist, eine Elementarantenne zu speisen, wobei die Elementarantennen insgesamt ein Antennennetzwerk (50) bilden, wobei die leitfähigen Lagen (22AM, 22BM, 23BM) jedes Symmetrierglieds (61) dieselbe Mehrlagenschaltung (20) bilden.
  11. Gesamtheit der Symmetrierglieder nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Symmetrierglieder (61) so angeordnet werden, dass ihre Ausgangspunkte (OUTA, OUTB) geeignet sind, mit Einspeisepunkten (52) einer Elementarantenne übereinzustimmen.
  12. Vorrichtung eines Antennennetzwerks, das ein Antennennetzwerk (50), das aus Elementarantennen gebildet wird, die jeweils zwei Strahlerelemente (51) umfassen und eine Gesamtheit von Symmetriergliedern nach einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11 aufweist.
EP11182224.3A 2010-09-21 2011-09-21 Breitband-Symmetrieüberträger auf mehrlagigem Schaltkreis für eine Netzantenne Active EP2432072B1 (de)

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FR1003753A FR2965112B1 (fr) 2010-09-21 2010-09-21 Symetriseur large bande sur circuit multicouche pour antenne reseau

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JP2773617B2 (ja) * 1993-12-17 1998-07-09 株式会社村田製作所 バルントランス
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3975331A1 (de) * 2020-09-29 2022-03-30 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives Transformator mit modusumschaltung
FR3114695A1 (fr) * 2020-09-29 2022-04-01 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Transformateur à changement de mode
US12230858B2 (en) 2020-09-29 2025-02-18 Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives Balun

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