EP4572015A1 - Verbesserte gruppenantenne mit mehreren seriell gespeisten planaren strahlungselementen - Google Patents

Verbesserte gruppenantenne mit mehreren seriell gespeisten planaren strahlungselementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4572015A1
EP4572015A1 EP24219003.1A EP24219003A EP4572015A1 EP 4572015 A1 EP4572015 A1 EP 4572015A1 EP 24219003 A EP24219003 A EP 24219003A EP 4572015 A1 EP4572015 A1 EP 4572015A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
planar radiating
horizontal
array antenna
radiating element
radiating elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24219003.1A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Anthony Ghiotto
Stefan VARAULT
Yoan VEYRAC
Valentin LOURENCO MARTINS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Thales SA
Universite de Bordeaux
Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Thales SA, Universite de Bordeaux, Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux filed Critical Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Publication of EP4572015A1 publication Critical patent/EP4572015A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0075—Stripline fed arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to network antennas of the type comprising a plurality of planar radiating elements (or “patch” antennas) fed in series - SFPA (“Series-Fed Patch Antenna”).
  • FIG. 1 represents an antenna according to the state of the art.
  • the antenna 101 results from the vertical series connection of a plurality of planar radiating elements 102 i , of length L i and width W i , making it possible to generate a vertically polarized wave, that is to say parallel to the axis V along which the different planar radiating elements of the antenna are arranged.
  • This antenna geometry is directly based on the TM10 resonance mode of each planar radiating element.
  • the electric field between the ground plane and the metal plane constituting respectively the lower face and the upper face of the planar radiating element is antisymmetrical with respect to the horizontal axis H, which is the axis orthogonal to the vertical axis V.
  • this electric field is homogeneous, that is to say it is either positive or negative, and substantially constant.
  • the electric potential varies and changes sign at the horizontal axis H.
  • Such a potential structure makes it possible to generate a wave whose electric field E is oriented along the vertical axis V, i.e. a vertically polarized wave.
  • a micro-strip feed line 105 i which electrically connects the center of the horizontal edge, for example upper, of a radiating element 102 i and the center of the lower horizontal edge of the neighboring radiating element 102 i+1 .
  • this single line has a length equal to ⁇ g / 2 (with ⁇ g the wavelength guided in the line) in order to invert the electric field between the two ends of the line, that is to say the field on the upper horizontal edge, with respect to the field on the lower horizontal edge, and thus make the two radiating elements thus connected resonate in phase.
  • the feed is carried out by a single excitation point P V located on the V axis, but away from the H axis.
  • the length Li of each element is approximately the same from one element to another, and is close to ⁇ g / 2 (the electric field of the lower and upper edges of the same element being in phase opposition). Strictly speaking, since each element does not have the same neighborhood, different couplings are established, which shifts the resonant frequency. This shift can be overcome by adjusting the length Li of each element.
  • the aim of the present invention is therefore to propose a horizontally polarized SFPA antenna.
  • the invention relates to an array antenna of the type comprising a plurality of planar radiating elements fed in series, the planar radiating elements being arranged along a so-called vertical axis, a so-called horizontal axis, orthogonal to the vertical axis, intersects the latter at a central point, characterized in that, for operation in horizontal polarization, two successive planar radiating elements along the vertical axis are electrically connected to each other by a pair of differential lines, each line of the pair of differential lines having a length equal to an integer multiple of the wavelength guided in said line, one end of a line of the pair of differential lines being connected to a horizontal edge of a planar radiating element and the other end of said line being connected to the horizontal edge opposite the other planar radiating element, the guided wavelength corresponding to the resonance frequency of the array antenna, a single planar radiating element of the plurality of planar radiating elements being provided with at least one horizontal excitation point, for operation in horizontal polarization, the horizontal excitation point being off the
  • FIG. 2 represents an embodiment of an antenna according to the invention.
  • Antenna 1 results from the series connection along a vertical axis V of a plurality of N planar radiating elements 2 i (or elementary patch antennas) for operation in horizontal polarization.
  • N is an integer greater than or equal to two.
  • An element is indexed by an integer i between 1 and N.
  • the antenna 1 comprises, for example, five elements: a second lower element 2 1 , a first lower element 2 2 , a central element 2 3 , a first upper element 2 4 and a second upper element 2s.
  • the different planar radiating elements 2 i are arranged along the vertical axis V.
  • the axis orthogonal to the vertical axis V is the horizontal axis H. It crosses the vertical axis V at the origin point O.
  • Antenna 1 is symmetrical about the vertical axis V.
  • Antenna 1 is symmetrical about the horizontal axis H.
  • Center O is therefore a center of symmetry of antenna 1.
  • the center of the central element 2 3 coincides with the origin point O.
  • Each element 2 i has a width W i along the H axis and a length L i along the V axis.
  • the elements have a substantially identical width.
  • the length L i decreases as one moves away from the center O of the antenna 1.
  • Two successive planar radiating elements 2 i and 2 i+1 along the V axis are electrically connected to each other by a pair of differential feed lines, for example microstrip lines, 3 i and 4 i .
  • the upper horizontal edge of element 2 i and the lower horizontal edge of the neighboring element 2 i+1 , located immediately above element 2 i are connected, on the one hand, by a line 3 i to the left of the vertical axis V and, on the other hand, by a line 4 i , to the right of the vertical axis V.
  • the array antenna is excited by a suitable electrical signal, which is applied to the metal plane of one of the elements, preferably the central element 2 3 , at an excitation point P H .
  • the point P H is located on the horizontal axis H, but off the vertical axis V, preferably close to an edge, for example the left vertical edge, of the central element 2 3 in order to ensure good linear polarization.
  • the electric field in the planar radiating element 2 3 is schematically represented in the Figure 2 by "+" and "-". This electric field is for example negative on the left and positive on the right of the V axis over a half period of the excitation signal and vice versa over the following half period.
  • the electric field is distributed symmetrically with respect to the H axis, but antisymmetrically with respect to the V axis.
  • the excitation of the radiating element according to the TM01 mode makes it possible to generate a horizontally polarized wave, that is to say one whose electric field E is oriented along the horizontal axis H.
  • the two lines 3 i and 4 i have a length equal to the guided wavelength ⁇ g (or to an integer multiple of the guided wavelength ⁇ g ) in such a way to introduce a 360° phase shift between the electric field at one end of the lines and the electric field at the other end of the lines, 3 i and 4 i .
  • the wavelength ⁇ g is determined at the resonance frequency F 0 of the array antenna 1.
  • the radiating elements are excited in phase according to the TM01 mode.
  • the adaptation of the performance of the antenna 1 is carried out in the same way as for the antenna 101 according to the state of the art.
  • Adjusting the widths W i allows the resonance frequency to be fixed and adjusting the length L i allows the antenna aperture to be made more or less wide by fixing the gain of each radiating element and thus creating a weighting to minimize the secondary lobes.
  • Antenna 1 has a parameter S having the form shown in the Figure 3 .
  • the antenna 1 can be more or less narrow band around the resonance frequency Fo, depending on the thickness and permittivity of the substrate, the values of the lengths Li chosen as well as the location of the feed point P H.
  • the radiation patterns, Cv for antenna 101 and C H for antenna 1 are very close, both in elevation (plane containing the V axis and the normal to the plane of the radiating elements) ( Figure 4A ) and in azimuth (plane containing the H axis and the normal to the plane of the radiating elements) ( Figure 4B ). This result is the one sought and is perfectly consistent since the topologies are ultimately very close.
  • a very important piece of data when doing polarimetry is the cross-polarization, that is, the energy radiated in the polarization orthogonal to the desired one.
  • the topology of antenna 1 makes it possible to achieve cross-polarization values of the order of -25 dB, without special adjustments.
  • the interconnection lines between planar radiating elements may form one or more meanders.
  • the spacing between the elements may be reduced, while maintaining the constraint on the length of the lines.
  • this makes it possible to give the array antenna according to the invention a physical footprint identical to that of the antenna of the Figure 1 .
  • microstrip lines can be replaced by coplanar lines or even by striplines.
  • the power supply is carried out by a single excitation point P H .
  • the power supply can be achieved by two vias, arranged along the H axis, symmetrically with respect to the center O of the element to be excited, and powered in phase opposition (differential assembly).
  • the power supply can also be achieved by coupling through one or more slots made in a ground plane of the radiating element, directly above the excitation point on the metal plane forming the upper surface of the radiating element.
  • the antenna forms a 1xN matrix.
  • network antennas forming a matrix of M lines and N columns operating in horizontal polarization, by combining coupling by a single line in the horizontal direction and by a pair of differential lines in the vertical direction.
  • the network antenna 201 forms a 3x3 matrix resulting from the association along the H axis of three column network antennas identical to each other and to the antenna of the Figure 2 This association is made by connecting the central element of each column array antenna by a simple half-wavelength guided link.
  • the antenna 301 forms a 3x3 matrix resulting from the association along the V axis of three line network antennas identical to each other and to the antenna of the Figure 1 (by means of a 90° rotation). This association is made by connecting the central element of each line array antenna by a pair of differential lines of a guided wavelength.
  • the positioning of the excitation point P H makes it possible to propagate the TM01 mode from the central element to the peripheral elements of the network antenna.
  • FIG. 7 represents a second embodiment of the antenna according to the invention which can operate in horizontal polarization and/or in vertical polarization.
  • the 401 antenna combines the horizontally polarized SFPA topology and the vertically polarized SFPA topology, thus enabling dual-polarization operation.
  • each radiating element 402 i is of substantially square shape so that it can be excited according to the TM10 mode and the TM01 mode.
  • the central element 402 3 is provided with two power supply points, respectively a point P H to excite the horizontal polarization and a point Pv to excite the vertical polarization.
  • the desired polarization can then be chosen by suitably supplying each of the ports.
  • one or the other of the tracks is no longer straight, but curvilinear (curved, angled, meandering, etc.)
  • the fields of application of the invention are radars, jammers, radios and data links, as well as multifunction systems using electronically scanned array antennas.
  • the present invention finds an application for radars with a large number of unit antennas, where it may be advantageous to couple the radiating elements directly to each other by feed lines, and to have to excite the network antenna by only one element. This makes it possible to reduce the number of transmission and reception modules for generating the electrical signal in transmission, or acquiring the electrical signal in reception.
  • the present invention is also compatible with conventional bandwidth expansion techniques, such as stacked patch antennas, as shown in the reference AA Serra, P. Nepa, G. Manara, G. Tribellini and S. Cioci, "A Wide-Band Dual-Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna,” in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 6, pp. 141-143, 2007, doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2007.893101 .

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
EP24219003.1A 2023-12-12 2024-12-11 Verbesserte gruppenantenne mit mehreren seriell gespeisten planaren strahlungselementen Pending EP4572015A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2313998A FR3156600A1 (fr) 2023-12-12 2023-12-12 Antenne réseau améliorée du type comportant une pluralité d’éléments rayonnants planaires alimentés en série

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4572015A1 true EP4572015A1 (de) 2025-06-18

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EP24219003.1A Pending EP4572015A1 (de) 2023-12-12 2024-12-11 Verbesserte gruppenantenne mit mehreren seriell gespeisten planaren strahlungselementen

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US (1) US20250192446A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4572015A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3156600A1 (de)
IL (1) IL317613A (de)

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110165372B (zh) * 2019-05-31 2021-01-12 大连海事大学 一种x波段船用雷达微带天线阵

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3887925A (en) * 1973-07-31 1975-06-03 Itt Linearly polarized phased antenna array
US4742354A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-05-03 Hughes Aircraft Company Radar transceiver employing circularly polarized waveforms
US4914445A (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-04-03 Shoemaker Kevin O Microstrip antennas and multiple radiator array antennas
US7675466B2 (en) * 2007-07-02 2010-03-09 International Business Machines Corporation Antenna array feed line structures for millimeter wave applications
US9520655B2 (en) * 2014-05-29 2016-12-13 University Corporation For Atmospheric Research Dual-polarized radiating patch antenna
TWI806367B (zh) * 2022-01-18 2023-06-21 特崴光波導股份有限公司 陣列天線

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110165372B (zh) * 2019-05-31 2021-01-12 大连海事大学 一种x波段船用雷达微带天线阵

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
A. A. SERRAP. NEPAG. MANARAG. TRIBELLINIS. CIOCI: "A Wide-Band Dual-Polarized Stacked Patch Antenna", IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, vol. 6, 2007, pages 141 - 143
DI BARI R ET AL: "Dual-Polarized Printed S-Band Radar Array Antenna for Spacecraft Applications", IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 10, 15 September 2011 (2011-09-15), pages 987 - 990, XP011361172, ISSN: 1536-1225, DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2011.2167951 *
HASAN RAQIBUL ET AL: "Design and characterization of a differential microstrip patch antenna array at 122 GHz", 2018 IEEE RADIO AND WIRELESS SYMPOSIUM (RWS), IEEE, 15 January 2018 (2018-01-15), pages 28 - 30, XP033325266, DOI: 10.1109/RWS.2018.8304937 *

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US20250192446A1 (en) 2025-06-12
FR3156600A1 (fr) 2025-06-13
IL317613A (en) 2025-07-01

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