EP2459848A2 - Dispositif de conversion d'énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif de conversion d'énergie

Info

Publication number
EP2459848A2
EP2459848A2 EP10742728A EP10742728A EP2459848A2 EP 2459848 A2 EP2459848 A2 EP 2459848A2 EP 10742728 A EP10742728 A EP 10742728A EP 10742728 A EP10742728 A EP 10742728A EP 2459848 A2 EP2459848 A2 EP 2459848A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy conversion
valve
conversion device
piston
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10742728A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Schilling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dynatronic GmbH
Original Assignee
Dynatronic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102009034995A external-priority patent/DE102009034995A1/de
Priority claimed from DE200910036461 external-priority patent/DE102009036461A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102010007772A external-priority patent/DE102010007772A1/de
Priority claimed from DE201010010346 external-priority patent/DE102010010346A1/de
Application filed by Dynatronic GmbH filed Critical Dynatronic GmbH
Publication of EP2459848A2 publication Critical patent/EP2459848A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
    • B24B49/105—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means using eddy currents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/004—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction
    • F01B11/006—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction one single acting piston motor being always under the influence of the fluid under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/02—Equalising or cushioning devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1869—Linear generators; sectional generators
    • H02K7/1876—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts
    • H02K7/1884—Linear generators; sectional generators with reciprocating, linearly oscillating or vibrating parts structurally associated with free piston engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power conversion device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a method for powering electrical components of such a power conversion device.
  • Such an energy conversion device is known from DE 10 2006 056 349 A1 and DE 10 2007 060 666 A1 as a development in the form of a power-producing heating system for a residential object, with which the rooms and / or the hot water of the object are heated.
  • a controller controls a thermal coupling of a conventional heating system and a heat source available on the object.
  • the system also includes several heat consumers for reciprocal heat and electricity production.
  • One of the heat consumers is a conversion system for the conversion of thermal energy into electric current based on a thermodynamic cyclic process, in particular an ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) or Kaüna cycle process.
  • ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
  • Kaüna cycle process The heat of condensation occurring in the thermodynamic cycle is transferred either to further heat consumers or to a thermal heat sink available on the object.
  • Circular process is that before or during the expansion of the working medium due to the overpressure (based on the natural pressure of the ambient air) there is a risk that working fluid escapes from the cycle and is lost, which is costly and means an increased Nach Schollaufwand. After expansion, on the other hand, there is the danger that, due to the negative pressure, unwanted air bubbles will occur, which eventually have to be eliminated. The sealing of the affected components is therefore of particular importance.
  • the object of the invention is to optimize an energy conversion device of the type mentioned above with regard to the practical implementation. This object is achieved by an energy conversion device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous and expedient embodiments of the energy conversion device according to the invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • the energy conversion device is based on a thermodynamic cycle, which is coupled to a heat engine.
  • the energy conversion device comprises a first energy conversion component for converting pressure energy into mechanical kinetic energy.
  • the first energy conversion component may in particular be a pressure cylinder with a working piston movable therein.
  • the energy conversion device further comprises a second energy conversion component for converting mechanical kinetic energy into electrical energy.
  • the second energy conversion component may in particular be a linear generator; but it is also possible to provide a rotation generator or another, not purely linear generator type.
  • the energy conversion device also includes an inlet valve assembly and an outlet valve assembly that cooperate with the first energy conversion component and an electronic controller for controlling the coupling of the heat engine to the thermodynamic cycle and for controlling the valve assemblies.
  • Several, preferably all, moving mechanical components of the heat engine are combined to form a set, which is housed in a statically sealed space, preferably a closed housing.
  • the essential advantage of the energy conversion device according to the invention is that due to the arrangement of the moving mechanical components of the heat engine in a sealed space for any of these components, a dynamic seal is required.
  • a dynamic seal is to be understood here on the one hand as meaning the sealing of a moving component, in particular a valve or working piston, with a fixed seal, but on the other hand also any seal in which at least part of the seal is moved.
  • the statically sealed space provided according to the invention should be understood to mean a higher-level seal for a plurality of components without dynamic seals.
  • thermodynamic cycle of the energy conversion device In one possible application of the energy conversion device, a conventional heating system of an object is combined with the thermodynamic cycle of the energy conversion device to thereby provide an efficient option for generating electrical power.
  • a device for the power supply of electrical components which are housed in the static sealed space with an at least partially electrically conductive housing, wherein the housing is divided by at least one insulating element in two mutually electrically isolated areas and in each case contacts are provided on the inner wall and on the outer wall of the two housing areas for the power supply of the electrical components by means of current flow through the housing wall.
  • the invention also provides a method for powering electrical components of an energy conversion device according to the invention, which are within a hermetically sealed housing, in particular a gas container, wherein the closed housing is divided by at least one insulating in two electrically insulated areas and the power supply of the electrical Components each about - -
  • FIG. 1 shows an energy conversion device according to the invention with a closed housing for the heat engine
  • FIG. 2 shows an inventive energy conversion device with a closed housing for the thermodynamic cycle
  • FIG. 3 shows the wireless measurement data acquisition in a closed housing of the energy conversion device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment with a valve piston moved by a linear motor
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment with a double-valve piston
  • FIG. 6 shows an embodiment with mechanical sliding inlet valves
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment with rotary valves
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment with sliding-rotation inlet valves
  • Figure 9 shows an embodiment with a combined sliding-rotary inlet and outlet valve
  • - Figure 10 shows an embodiment with a sliding-rotation inlet
  • FIG. 11 shows an embodiment with self-opening and closing outlet valves
  • FIG. 12 shows an embodiment with a freely vibrating mass for damping the mass balance
  • FIG. 14 shows an energy conversion device according to the invention with a closed housing for an alternative heat engine
  • FIG. 15 shows an embodiment with coupled venting container
  • FIG. 16 shows an embodiment with a standstill pressure compensation membrane
  • FIG. 17 shows an embodiment with an integrated lubrication circuit
  • FIG. 18 shows an embodiment with a special power supply
  • FIG. 19 shows the embodiment from FIG. 18 in a specific application
  • FIG. 20 shows a first variant of the embodiment from FIG. 18
  • FIG. 21 shows a second variant of the embodiment from FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 22 shows a third variant of the embodiment from FIG. 18;
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram of the control of a linear heat engine
  • FIG. 24 shows an arrangement for compensating the mass balance
  • Figure 25 shows an arrangement for minimizing mass balance in two-stage ORCs
  • FIG. 26 shows an arrangement for compensating the mass balance in the case of two-stage ORCs.
  • FIGS. 27 to 37 different advantageous valve controls for an expansion machine.
  • FIG. 1 shows an overview of the essential components of an energy conversion device according to the invention.
  • the energy conversion device is based on a thermodynamic cycle 2, in particular an ORC cycle (Organic Rankine Cycle) or a Kalina cycle process, which is thermally coupled to a heat engine 1.
  • the energy conversion device comprises a first energy conversion component 11 for converting thermodynamic energy (pressure energy) into mechanical kinetic energy (kinetic energy).
  • the first energy gieumwandlungskomponente 11 is preferably a pressure cylinder 12 with a movable therein working piston.
  • the energy conversion device further comprises a second energy conversion component 3 for converting mechanical momentum into electrical energy (current) by means of a differential transformer 10.
  • the second energy conversion component 3 is a linear generator in most of the embodiments proposed herein, unless otherwise specified.
  • the energy conversion device also includes an inlet valve assembly 5 and an outlet valve assembly 6 that cooperate with the first energy conversion component 11.
  • Heat engine 1 and the thermodynamic cycle 2 Rather, certain components of both the heat engine 1 and the thermodynamic cycle 2 can be assigned.
  • the energy conversion device also comprises a superordinate electronic control (not shown in FIG. 1), in particular for controlling the thermal coupling of the heat engine 1 to the thermodynamic cycle 2 and for controlling the valve arrangements 5, 6, whereby the power strokes of the linear generator (normal and counterclockwise cycles, respectively) Back and forth cycles).
  • the control involves process-influencing control parameters which are continuously recorded by suitable sensors and fed to the controller.
  • the controller is also capable of estimating or predicting other parameters relevant to the control of the energy conversion device based on the detected parameters and / or assumptions.
  • the basic function and operation of the energy conversion device is known from DE 10 2006 056 349 A1 and DE 10 2007 060 666 A1.
  • the energy conversion device operates according to the following principle: First, in the thermodynamic cycle 2 thermal energy (heat energy) is converted into vapor pressure. The vapor pressure is converted into mechanical kinetic energy in the first energy conversion component 11. The mechanical kinetic energy is finally converted into electric current by means of the second energy conversion component 3.
  • An essential feature of the energy conversion device according to the invention is the combination of several, preferably all, moving mechanical components of the heat engine 1 to an arrangement which is housed in a statically sealed space, preferably a closed housing 7. During operation of the energy conversion device prevails in the working medium of the thermodynamic cycle compared to the ambient air pressure temporarily overpressure (before and during the expansion) and temporary negative pressure (after expansion). The sealing of the entire arrangement prevents on the one hand the loss of working medium and, on the other hand, air pockets without the need for a dynamic seal.
  • control components 21 for the thermodynamic cycle 2 may be arranged in the same sealed space (housing 7) or in another sealed space. As control components 21 are in particular pumps of the thermodynamic cycle 2 in question. According to the above-described concept, the control components 21 can be supplied from outside with at least one second electromagnetic field generator 22 with the electrical energy necessary for the operation. The second field generator 22 arranged outside the sealed space also generates an electromagnetic field which is converted into electrical current by an induction device coupled to the control components 21.
  • the data may include measurement data from sensors arranged in the thermodynamic circuit 2 and in the heat engine 1, control data for control components (valves, pumps, etc.), setpoint and actual data.
  • the energy conversion device comprises an extensive measuring sensor system 31 with a multiplicity of sensors.
  • the measuring sensor system 31 can also be supplied with the electrical energy necessary for the operation via at least one third electromagnetic field generator 22 arranged outside the sealed space (housing 7) and an induction device coupled to the measuring sensor system.
  • the measuring sensor 31 may include a plurality of sensors for detecting state variables of the thermodynamic cycle 2 and the heat engine 1, in particular pressure and / or temperature sensors.
  • the measuring sensor system 31 can also be sensors for detecting other physical shear characteristics such as forces, accelerations, speeds, paths, etc. at meaningful locations of the energy conversion device include.
  • valve arrangements 5, 6 serve to admit the vaporized and pressurized working medium of the thermodynamic cycle process 2 into an expansion space of the first energy conversion component 11 and to discharge working fluid displaced by the working piston.
  • the first energy conversion component 11 may have a plurality of expansion spaces, in particular two (on opposite sides of the working piston). Accordingly, the valve assemblies 5, 6 comprise a plurality of synchronized inlet and outlet valves.
  • At least one of the valve arrangements 5, 6 has an inlet or outlet channel 41 with a valve opening 43, a valve piston 42 which is vertically movable with respect to the inlet or outlet channel 41 and has a piston recess 46 and one of a valve Control 45 (part of the parent electronic control) controlled linear motor 47.
  • the valve piston 42 is rigidly or coupled via a transmission to the linear motor 47.
  • the valve controller 45 which is influenced by sensor data 44 of the measuring sensor, is designed so that the valve piston 42 already before the opening or closing of the valve 40, d. H. is accelerated by the linear motor 47 before the time of the passage of the valve opening 43 with the valve piston 42 or with the piston recess 46.
  • This special embodiment of the electromagnetic inlet and / or outlet valve arrangements 5, 6 is particularly suitable for periodic opening and closing operations.
  • a very fast opening and closing of the associated valve is made possible even at high gas volume flows.
  • FIG. 6 shows a particularly cost-effective design of the valve assemblies 5, 6.
  • the valve piston is designed as a double piston with two spaced, rigidly coupled part pistons 52, 53.
  • the partial pistons 52 and 53 driven by the linear motor 51 alternately pass over valve openings 54 and 55 for one stroke or return cycle of the heat engine 1. Only one linear motor 51 is required for an inlet valve and an outlet valve.
  • the inlet valve arrangement 5 has two mechanical sliding inlet valves 61, 62, which are directly coupled to the working piston 63 of the first energy conversion component 11.
  • the sliding mechanical intake valves 61, 62 accordingly change their valve status (open / closed) depending on the position of the working piston 63.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the situation with the inlet valve closed.
  • Inlet valve assembly 5 and / or the outlet valve assembly 6 at least one electromechanical sliding rotation Einiass- or -auslass valve.
  • two inlet valves are provided, each with a rotatable valve element in the form of a rotational body 81, which has a recess 85.
  • the rotary body 81 is coupled to a valve piston 86 rotatable about its axis.
  • the angle of rotation of the valve piston 86 and thus of the rotary body 81 is adjustable.
  • the valve piston 86 can be rotated in particular by magnetic induction about its axis.
  • the valve piston 86 is in turn coupled to the working piston 83 of the first energy conversion component 11.
  • FIG. 8 shows a situation in which a flow connection 84 exists between the pressurized working fluid of the thermodynamic Circuit 2 and an expansion space 87 of the first energy conversion component 11 consists.
  • FIG. 9 shows two combined sliding-rotation inlet and outlet valves.
  • a further piston recess 92 is provided which communicates via a channel bore 93 in certain rotational positions of the valve piston 91 with an expansion chamber 97 of the first energy conversion component 11 in flow communication.
  • the valve piston 91 thus represents the rotatable valve element.
  • each valve assembly has both an inlet valve and an outlet valve that are matched to the operation of the first energy conversion component 11, respectively.
  • Figure 9 shows the two combined valves on opposite sides of the first energy conversion component 11 in different positions. While in the left valve a flow connection between the inlet port 95, is supplied through the pressurized working fluid of the thermodynamic cycle, and the left expansion chamber 97 through the piston recess 94 is released, a corresponding flow connection is blocked in the right valve, d. H. no working medium can be supplied via the inlet opening 98. The two mutually coupled working pistons of the first energy conversion component 11 are consequently pressed to the right.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment similar to FIG. 9. The
  • Valve arrangement is housed in two separate housing chambers. More specifically, in the embodiment of FIG. 10, that part of the valve assembly forming the sliding-rotation-inlet valve 200 is that part, which forms the sliding rotation outlet valve 203, separated by a housing taper 201. In the housing taper 201, a hollow extension 202 of a piston rod is rotatably mounted, which couples the two pistons of the valves 200, 203 together. The valve pistons are in turn coupled to the working piston 204 of the first energy conversion component 11.
  • the bearing of the piston rod in the housing taper 201 counteracts tilting of the valve piston.
  • the inflow of gas into the valve arrangement generates forces acting on the valve pistons, which are directed perpendicular to their direction of movement.
  • the housing taper 201 acting as a bearing stabilizes the valve pistons.
  • the rotatable valve element in particular the disc 71, the rotary body 81 or the valve piston 91, can have a plurality of recesses which are preferably uniformly distributed over the entire circumference. As a result, the rotational frequency of the rotatable valve element required during operation is reduced.
  • FIG. 11 shows a special design of the outlet valve arrangement 6, in which a double outlet valve 308 with two valve pistons 304 is provided.
  • One side of each valve piston 304 is in flow communication with an expansion space 301 of the first energy conversion component 11 via a channel 303.
  • Each valve piston 304 may assume a first position in which it closes an outlet channel 305 (left valve piston in FIG. 11) and a second position. in which it releases the outlet channel 305 (right valve piston 304 in Figure 11), wherein always a valve piston 304 occupies the first position when the other valve piston 304 is in the second position.
  • valve control 45 based on data 44 of the measuring sensor system, which comprises a plurality of sensors for detecting state variables of the energy conversion device, the time of closing and opening / intervals of the intake and exhaust valve assemblies 5, 6 synchronized in time.
  • the working and / or valve piston of the first energy conversion component 11 and the valve assemblies 5, 6 - with respect to their direction of movement in the operating state of the energy conversion device - arranged perpendicular to the earth.
  • the gravity of a piston friction losses caused by the gravity of a piston friction losses.
  • the working piston of the first energy conversion component 11 is largely movable without contact in the pressure cylinder 12, preferably by the working piston by means of electromagnetic positioning means or a piston gas bearing floating in the pressure cylinder 12 is held.
  • the piston gas bearing can be realized in particular with a suitable surface finish of the working piston or the pressure cylinder 12.
  • FIG. 12 A further development of the invention according to FIG. 12 provides for a special housing construction 150 with which damping of the vibrations caused by the piston movements is achieved.
  • the housing construction 150 comprises a damping device with an elastically mounted inertial mass 153. Vibration-generating (vibration-prone) components of the energy conversion device, in particular the pressure cylinder 155 of the first energy conversion component 11, valve cylinder 154 of the valve assemblies 5, 6 and / or a magnet 156 of the second energy conversion component 3, are coupled to the inertial mass 153.
  • thermodynamic cycle 160 Components of the thermodynamic cycle 160 are mechanically connected only by an elastic connection 152 to those components which in turn are coupled to the inertial mass 153. Otherwise, there is no further mechanical coupling to the other components of the system
  • thermodynamic cycle in particular components of an ORC evaporator 171
  • components of the thermodynamic cycle can also be coupled to the inertial mass 153.
  • the connection to the remaining components 170 of the thermodynamic cycle takes place.
  • a rigid coupling to the inertial mass 153 is particularly useful for components such as the ORC evaporator 171, in which vibration can have a positive effect on the function (no deposition, faster evaporation, etc.) and are therefore not undesirable.
  • Figure 14 shows an energy conversion device with energy conversion components that are based on rotation, in contrast to the above embodiments.
  • the first energy conversion component 101 is a component that converts pressure energy into mechanical rotational energy, in particular a scroll expander, and is coupled to a rotation generator 105 that converts rotational mechanical energy into electrical energy.
  • the first energy conversion component 101 which converts pressure energy into mechanical rotational energy, is coupled to a device 108 for regulating a gas volume flow.
  • FIG. 15 shows an expanded energy conversion device with a ventilation option.
  • a venting container 120 is housed, as well as a vacuum pump 123, a vent valve 124 and a drain valve 125.
  • air is pumped by means of the vacuum pump 123 and the open vent valve 124 in the venting container 120.
  • the accumulated therein air / gas mixture can be discharged through the drain valve 125 into the environment.
  • the pressure is too high, it is advisable to let the air / gas mixture escape to the outside. It is advantageous to remove in the venting container 120 condensed working medium 126 of the thermodynamic cycle in the liquid state and to feed it back to the thermodynamic cycle.
  • the pressure cylinder 127 with the working piston of the first power conversion component 11 movable therein can replace the vacuum pump 123 in a particular operating mode of the power conversion device.
  • the cylinder-piston unit can act as a vacuum pump.
  • a special measuring sensor 128 detects the air which has entered the thermodynamic cycle 122 and thereby triggers activation of a venting operation.
  • the expanded energy conversion device illustrated in FIG. 16 additionally comprises a membrane pressure compensation container 130 filled with the working medium of the thermodynamic cycle 132, which is coupled to the thermodynamic cycle 132 via a valve 131 when the first energy conversion component 11 is at a standstill.
  • a membrane pressure compensation container 130 filled with the working medium of the thermodynamic cycle 132, which is coupled to the thermodynamic cycle 132 via a valve 131 when the first energy conversion component 11 is at a standstill.
  • FIG. 17 shows an energy conversion device with a lubricating circuit 140 provided in the closed housing.
  • a lubricant is applied via a nozzle 141 to seals of the working piston of the first energy conversion component 11 and thereby mixed with the working medium of the thermodynamic cycle. After a separation of material in the condenser 142 of the thermodynamic cycle, the lubricant is reused.
  • FIG. 18 shows an embodiment of the energy conversion device in which electrical components 409 of the device (valves, sensors, motors, controls, etc.) which are located inside the hermetically sealed housing 7, in particular a gas container, are in a special way be supplied with electrical power.
  • the closed housing 7 is electrically insulated from one another by at least one insulating element 403 Regions 401, 402 divided.
  • the power supply of the electrical components 409 by means of a power source 408 arranged outside the housing 7 is in each case produced via contacts 404 to 407 (+, -) on the inner wall and on the outer wall of the two housing areas by a current flow through the respective housing wall.
  • the housing 7 is preferably tubular, and the insulating member 403 is an insulating washer or ring that divides the housing 7 in the axial direction.
  • the housing 7 is a multi-part gas container construction 410, which is coupled to a hermetically closed gas circuit 411, in particular a thermodynamic ORC cycle.
  • the housing 7 is divided by at least two insulating 415 in three mutually electrically isolated areas.
  • a contacting 416 is provided on the inner wall and outer wall of the housing area not contacted for the power supply of the electrical components. This contacting can be used in particular for bidirectional transmission of sensor and / or control data.
  • a hermetically sealed electrical connection 423 is provided for direct or indirect transmission of actual position data and / or sensor error messages from inlet and / or outlet valves 420, 421.
  • a hermetically sealed electrical coupling 428 of a current generator 427 disposed within the housing 7 serves to transfer the generated electrical energy to a voltage converter 429 located outside the closed housing 7.
  • the hermetically sealed electrical connection 428 may additionally or alternatively be used for a direct or indirect transmission of actual Data and / or sensor error messages of the arranged inside the housing 7 power generator (or a motor) 427 to an external controller 429 serve.
  • the hermetically sealed electrical coupling 428 may also serve to transmit desired states of the power generator (or motor) 427 disposed within the housing 7.
  • a power generator 427 and a hermetically sealed expansion machine 426 which is coupled to the power generator 427, are arranged inside the housing 7, in particular in an embodiment as a piston engine.
  • connection lines for a translatory or rotary motor operation of the generator 427 arranged inside the housing brings advantages, for example for its startup behavior.
  • a piston moved by pressure energy must be braked during slow start-up (rotary valves). This is only possible by actively generating a counterforce.
  • a separate motor for translatory and / or rotary motor operation is integrated for this purpose.
  • FIG. 22 shows an embodiment with a hermetically sealed current generator arranged inside the housing 7 in an embodiment as a linear generator 431, which is connected directly to a piston motor 430 arranged inside the housing 7 via a piston rod 432.
  • FIG. 23 shows a concept for an optimized control of a linear heat engine 1000.
  • the linear heat engine comprises a pressure cylinder 1002 including a working piston with inlet and outlet valves 1003, a linear generator 1004 preferably coupled directly to the working piston with a magnet, a sensor 1005 for determining an actual position of the working piston, a flow control device 1006, an optional Filter and rectifier component 1008, and a voltage converter 1007, in particular a network inverter.
  • the physical quantities, force, acceleration, speed and / or position of the working piston within the pressure cylinder 1002 are preferably determinable at any time via the flow control device 1006.
  • a maximum power utilization of the arrangement can be achieved, which is limited by a maximum acceleration and a maximum speed of the piston / magnet arrangement. Furthermore, it can thus be regulated lossless in the ideal case, the stroke and thus the clock frequency.
  • first derivative of the position data of the working piston is formed, which are sent by the sensor 1005 for determining the actual position of the working piston.
  • the first derivative of the position data is used to determine an actual curve of the piston speed during the expansion and to set therefrom by means of a controller 1001 a desired desired course of the piston speed during the expansion.
  • the technical design of the differentiator can be designed both as a hardware component, as well as software (program code).
  • the second derivative of the position data is formed, which are sent by the sensor 1005 for determining the actual position of the working piston.
  • Position data is used to determine an actual course of the piston acceleration during the expansion and from there by means of a control 1001 set a desired desired course of the piston acceleration during expansion.
  • the actual position data may be determined in an electromagnetic manner from induced current or voltage or phase characteristics of the linear generator 1004.
  • the current controller 1006 may include a pulsed series regulator.
  • An electrical series regulator presents itself as an adjustable electrical resistance. If you want to regulate the current, you change the resistance and thus the power loss, which drops across the resistor.
  • a pulsed longitudinal regulator acts as an electrical switch with the two positions “on” (with very low resistance and thus very low power loss) and “off” (no current flows -> no losses). The positions can be switched to high frequency and the respective switching duration can be set. The ratio between "on” and “off” thus regulates the mean value of the current flow.
  • the determined physical movement variables of the working piston are used to create an optimal synchronization between the switching states of the intake and exhaust valves 1003 and the position of the working piston 1002.
  • two preferably identically constructed counter-rotating cylinder linear-generator arrangements 1021, 1022 mounted on a support 1023 are provided for compensating for the inertia forces which occur during the piston movements.
  • the control ensures that in both arrangements 1021, 1022 expansion processes take place simultaneously, so that occurring inertia forces ideally neutralize each other at any time.
  • a two-stage ORC cycle having a high temperature cycle and a low temperature cycle.
  • Two counter-rotating cylinder linear actuator assemblies 1031, 1032 mounted on a support 1033 are electrically coupled together so that expansion operations in both assemblies 1031, 1032 occur simultaneously and the expansion characteristics are adjusted are that the occurring inertia forces neutralize each other as best as possible and peaks of power are avoided as best as possible.
  • At least one of the cylinder-linear generator arrangements 1041, 1042 additionally has a linear motor 1043 - -
  • the task of the linear motor is to compensate for the difference between the inertia forces occurring and / or power differences of the two ORC cycles preferably at any time.
  • a disadvantage is the consequent lower efficiency in power generation because of the losses due to the engine.
  • one of the linear generators it is also possible for one of the linear generators to act simultaneously as a linear motor 1043 in order to compensate for the difference between the mass inertia forces and / or power differences of the two ORC cycle processes that occur.
  • FIGS. 27 to 37 show various advantageous valve controls for an expansion machine (corresponding to the first energy conversion component 11 described above) of the energy conversion device.
  • the expansion machine which is referred to as a 'shilling engine', comprises a double working cylinder 1 with two working spaces (AR1 and AR2). Each AR has an inlet valve (EV) and an outlet valve (AV).
  • EV inlet valve
  • AV outlet valve
  • Phase 3 Compression phase AR2 (entry after end of compression stretch)
  • Valve control for a thermodynamic cycle expansion machine in particular an ORC process, comprising
  • Pressure cylinder a piston, at least one inlet valve and at least one exhaust valve, wherein the inlet valve 1 ' and the exhaust valve' as in
  • Combustion engines usual 1 is constructed.
  • the intake valves automatically open when the compression pressure is higher than the pressure in the intake passage (vapor pressure).
  • the EV only has to spend energy during the intake phase to maintain the valve position (against the flow pressure).
  • the valve To close the EVs (entering the expansion phase), ideally, the valve must only be released, i. it closes with the help of the flow pressure. During the expansion phase and during all phases of the opposite AR, the valve remains closed by means of the surface pressure due to the low pressure in the AR, without having to be supplied with energy.
  • the AV is closed automatically (without energy) by means of the surface pressure during all phases of this-side AR and during the compression phase of the other-side AR, since the pressure in the AR is higher than in the outlet channel (condensate pressure). Ideally, it then opens automatically upon transition to the intake phase of the opposite AR, if expansion continues until the pressure in the AR becomes lower than in the exhaust port.
  • Second advantage Pressure losses during the valve opening phases systematically excluded. Since the EVs always open instantly, when the pressure in the AR becomes higher than in the inlet channel and the AVs always open instantly, when the pressure in the AR becomes lower than in the exhaust duct, there are pressure drops which EV experiences by filling empty space 1 and the AV could arise by the outflow of energetically unused overpressure in the AR during the opening phases of the valves, systematically excluded.
  • This allows almost loss-free control of the power.
  • Each individual valve can be opened or closed, if it is most advantageous in the respective situation. This allows for the highest possible efficiency in the conversion of pressure into kinetic energy.
  • valve control for an expansion machine as described under 4 characterized by mechanical springs which shorten the braking of the linear movement in one or both directions of movement or cushion a valve impact and thus at the same time reinforce re-accelerating in the opposite direction.
  • valve opening times and valve timing Due to the rotational movement, very high valve opening times and valve timing can be realized, but only rigid inlet or compression times are possible in relation to the valve timing. It is possible in principle to control several or all valves via a camshaft, and thus only one motor is required. It can also be advantageous to provide a separate rotary motor with camshaft for each valve, which has the advantage that the synchronization for the linear movement of the piston can be configured flexibly for each valve.
  • the inlet valve opens at the point of reversal of the piston, and the compression pressure is at the same time as the pressure in the inlet channel.
  • opening the EV at a slightly different time will result in a small pressure difference, resulting in efficiency losses.
  • Valve control for an expansion engine as described in 8 wherein the opening and closing of the exhaust valves is adjusted depending on the phase position of the intake valves so that when opening the intake valves, there is always the same pressure as in the intake passage.
  • the aforementioned disadvantage can thus be compensated.
  • the EVs open when the piston speed is not equal to zero, resulting in gas volume shifts between the AR and the intake passage (evaporator), resulting in extremely small efficiency losses.
  • a compression volume control is realized by a phase shift by means of a temporal phase shift of the valve timing of the exhaust valves to the working stroke of the piston.
  • Valve control for an expansion engine as described in 6, 7, 8, 9 and / or 10 wherein in at least one inlet valve, the intake volume control or in an exhaust valve, the compression volume control is realized by means of an electric motor whose angular velocity is variable during a rotational movement ,
  • Advantage There is always the following balance of forces (neglecting friction forces):

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de conversion d'énergie qui se fonde sur un circuit thermodynamique (2) qui est couplé à un moteur thermique (1). Le dispositif de conversion d'énergie comprend une première composante de conversion d'énergie (11), destinée à convertir l'énergie de pression en énergie mécanique de mouvement. La première composante de conversion d'énergie (11) peut en particulier être un cylindre de pression (12) avec un piston de travail qui s'y déplace. Le dispositif de conversion d'énergie comprend en outre une deuxième composante de conversion d'énergie (3), destinée à convertir de l'énergie mécanique de mouvement en énergie électrique. La deuxième composante de conversion d'énergie peut en particulier être un générateur linéaire. Le dispositif de conversion d'énergie comprend également un agencement de soupape d'admission (5) et un agencement de soupape d'échappement (6) qui coopèrent avec la première composante de conversion d'énergie (11) et une commande électronique (23) destinée à commander le couplage entre le moteur thermique (1) et le circuit thermodynamique (2) et à commander les agencements de soupapes (5, 6). Plusieurs composantes mécaniques mobiles du moteur thermique (1), et de préférence toutes, sont réunies en un agencement qui est logé dans un espace étanchéifié de manière statique, de préférence dans un boîtier (7) fermé.
EP10742728A 2009-07-28 2010-07-28 Dispositif de conversion d'énergie Withdrawn EP2459848A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009034995A DE102009034995A1 (de) 2009-07-28 2009-07-28 Energieumwandlungsvorrichtung
DE200910036461 DE102009036461A1 (de) 2009-08-06 2009-08-06 Steuerung einer linearen Wärme-Kraft-Maschine
DE102010007772A DE102010007772A1 (de) 2010-02-12 2010-02-12 Ventilsteuerung für eine Expansionsmaschine
DE201010010346 DE102010010346A1 (de) 2010-03-05 2010-03-05 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stromversorgung von elektrischen Komponenten in geschlossenem Gehäuse
PCT/EP2010/004624 WO2011012299A2 (fr) 2009-07-28 2010-07-28 Dispositif de conversion d'énergie

Publications (1)

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EP2459848A2 true EP2459848A2 (fr) 2012-06-06

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ITFI20110051A1 (it) * 2011-03-31 2012-10-01 Falletta Gioacchino Produzione di energia alternativa anche con il recupero delle perdite di calore.
SE541880C2 (sv) 2015-01-19 2020-01-02 Noditech Ab Anordning i en värmecykel för omvandling av värme till elektrisk energi
SE545742C2 (sv) * 2020-11-02 2023-12-27 Johannes Gilberg Maskin för omvandling av i medie trycksatt värmeenergi till mekanisk energi

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US4484082A (en) * 1980-10-15 1984-11-20 Bucknam Donald C Power plant and process utilizing gravitational force
RU2150014C1 (ru) * 1999-03-16 2000-05-27 Пинский Феликс Ильич Свободнопоршневой двигатель внутреннего сгорания с линейным электрическим генератором переменного тока
DE19943993A1 (de) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-15 Volkswagen Ag Brennkraftmaschine
WO2003050929A1 (fr) * 2001-12-07 2003-06-19 Otag Gmbh & Co. Kg Generateur lineaire a piston oscillant
DE10242141A1 (de) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-18 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Freikolben-Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit elektrischem Lineartrieb
DE102006029532A1 (de) * 2006-06-20 2007-12-27 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Freikolbenvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Freikolbenvorrichtung
DE102006056349A1 (de) 2006-11-29 2008-06-05 Gerhard Schilling Vorrichtung zur Umwandlung thermodynamischer Energie in elektrische Energie
DE102007060666A1 (de) 2007-12-17 2009-06-18 Gerhard Schilling Strom produzierendes Heizsystem

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WO2011012299A2 (fr) 2011-02-03

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