EP2473886B1 - Vorrichtung für atomuhr - Google Patents

Vorrichtung für atomuhr Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2473886B1
EP2473886B1 EP10760897.8A EP10760897A EP2473886B1 EP 2473886 B1 EP2473886 B1 EP 2473886B1 EP 10760897 A EP10760897 A EP 10760897A EP 2473886 B1 EP2473886 B1 EP 2473886B1
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Prior art keywords
laser
photodetector
mirror
laser beam
reflected
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2473886A1 (de
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Steve Lecomte
Jacques Haesler
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CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement
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CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement
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Priority claimed from CH01122/10A external-priority patent/CH703410A1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
    • G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
    • G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
    • G04F5/145—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks using Coherent Population Trapping

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of atomic clocks.
  • Miniature atomic clocks volume of one cm 3 or less
  • CPT coherent entrapment of population
  • Raman Raman
  • an atomic clock architecture based on a gas absorption cell.
  • These two physical principles do not require a microwave cavity to interrogate the reference atoms (typically Rubidium or Cesium) and thus eliminate the volume constraint associated with conventional cell-type atomic clocks.
  • the physical part of the clock which consists of the light source, the optical elements, the gas cell, the photodetector and all functions such as heating and magnetic field generation, will be the subject of considerations that follow.
  • VCSEL vertical cavity surface-emitting laser
  • microfabrication techniques for gas cells and vacuum encapsulation have made it possible to Massively reduce the volume and power consumption of these atomic clocks.
  • VCSEL lasers offer the possibility of combining the optical pumping function and the microwave interrogation of the reference atoms. This type of laser offers the following advantages: modulation of the injection current possible up to several gigahertz, low consumption, wavelength compatible with standard reference atoms (Rubidium or cesium), excellent service life, high temperature operation, low cost and ideal optical power.
  • Silicon microstructuring technologies coupled to the bonding / welding processes of a glass substrate (typically pyrex or quartz) on a silicon substrate make it possible to produce gas cells that are much smaller in size than is possible. achieve with the traditional technique of blowing and forming of glass tube.
  • the reduction of the dimensions of the gas cell is also accompanied by a reduction in the consumption required to heat the gas cell.
  • a detector can be placed before the passage of light in the cell and another after the double passage in the cell, but no photodetector can be positioned after a single passage of light in the cell.
  • This additional detector makes it possible to obtain a signal additional to that of the detector placed after the double pass.
  • This additional signal is useful for measuring and controlling clock parameters such as the temperature of the cell or the frequency of the laser source, for example.
  • the configurations described above are not applicable in a configuration of a Raman oscillator because the servocontrolling of the frequency of the laser source is performed by the same detector ensuring the detection of the return laser beam of the cell. .
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide an atomic clock device allowing a double pass through the cell and which allows easy servocontrolling of the laser frequency, for both a CPT oscillator and a Raman oscillator.
  • an atomic clock device comprising a laser source generating a laser beam, a quarter wave plate modifying the linear polarization of the laser beam in a circular polarization and vice versa, a gas cell placed on the polarization laser beam.
  • mirror a mirror returning the laser beam to the gas cell, a first photodetector, and means for preventing the reflected beam from reaching the laser source, characterized in that it comprises a second photodetector, placed behind the mirror, said mirror being semi-transparent and passing a portion of the laser beam, said second photodetector serving as the optical frequency servocontrol of the laser and / or the control of the temperature of the cell.
  • FIG. 1a illustrates the block diagram of the CPT atomic clock comprising a laser diode 102, a ⁇ / 4 (or quarter wave plate) blade 105, an (atomic) gas cell 106, an optional B magnetic field, a first photodetector 108, a control electronics (A) and a microwave oscillator (C).
  • the laser beam having passed through the gas cell 106 is picked up by the first photodetector 108 and is used by the control electronics to stabilize the laser frequency (B) and the frequency of the microwave oscillator (C).
  • a microwave divider ( ⁇ ) is used to generate the reference frequency requested by the end user of the device.
  • the figure 1b illustrates the block diagram of a closed loop Raman oscillator including a laser diode 102, a ⁇ / 4 blade (or quarter wave plate) 105, a (atomic) gas cell 106, an optional B magnetic field, a first photodetector 108, a microwave frequency divider ( ⁇ ), and a radio frequency amplifier (RF) (D).
  • the laser beam emitted by the laser diode 102 undergoes in the gas cell 106 a light-atom interaction which generates a complementary beam called Raman beam.
  • the two beams of light are picked up by the first photodetector 108 and the frequency beat of these two beams is amplified (D) and used as feedback on the laser to close the microwave loop of the Raman oscillator.
  • the Figures 2, 3 and 4 illustrate 3 different embodiments for simultaneously performing the double passage in the gas cell and the frequency control and the protection of the laser source to the reflections.
  • the common point of these various embodiments is the presence of a semi-transparent mirror 107 which passes a portion of the laser beam passed through the gas cell to reach a photodetector 109 serving for the optical frequency servocontrol of the laser and / or to control the temperature of the cell.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the first embodiment of the invention.
  • the laser source 102 produces a linearly polarized laser beam which is directed towards the polarizer 103, the transmission axis of which is oriented so as to let the laser beam pass, then to the separator 101 whose percentage of separation is predefined. Part of the beam is thus transmitted to the optional photodetector 108b.
  • the separator reflects the other part of the beam to a quarter wave plate 105.
  • the linear polarization is denoted "P" for the part parallel to the transmission axis of the polarizer (transmitted part) and "S" for the perpendicular part to the transmission axis of the polarizer (part absorbed by the polarizer).
  • the part “P” is symbolized by solid circles and the part “S” by lines.
  • the role of the blade 105 is to change the linear polarization of the laser beam into a circular polarization and this blade is oriented relative to the polarizer so as to generate a circular polarization. Indeed, the interaction between the light and the atoms of the gas cell 106 is optimal when it is performed with a circular polarization beam. Part of the beam leaving the gas cell 106 is then reflected by a mirror 107, which reverses the direction of its circular polarization, and thus passes through the gas cell 106 a second time. When leaving the gas cell 106, the beam reaches the quarter wave plate 105.
  • this beam is then partially transmitted and reaches the photodetector 108a.
  • Another part of this beam is deflected by the separator 101 and is strongly attenuated by the polarizer 103 because its polarization is perpendicular to that of the transmission axis of the polarizer 103, the laser source 102 thus being protected from retro-reflections.
  • a small portion of the beam passed through the gas cell 106 is transmitted by the mirror 107 and picked up by the photodetector 109.
  • the figure 3 illustrates the second embodiment of the invention. It differs from the first mode by the use of a separator 101 which reflects the beam in a first polarization and passes the beam in a second polarization. Thus the beam leaving the laser source 102 is separated according to its polarization and the same principle applies to the reflected beam. It is thus not necessary to place a polarizer between the separator 101 and the laser source because the reflected beam is fully transmitted to the photodetector 108a.
  • the linear polarization is denoted "P" for the part parallel to the polarization axis of the separator (part transmitted in the right angle configuration of the figure 3 ) and "S” for the part perpendicular to the polarization axis of the separator (part deflected at 90 °).
  • P linear polarization
  • S the part perpendicular to the polarization axis of the separator
  • the figure 4 illustrates the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the deflection of the laser beam is provided by the semi-transparent mirror 107 which is disposed at an angle not perpendicular to the axis of the laser beam.
  • the reflected beam does not reach the laser source 102 but is directed directly on the photodetector 108a.
  • the mirror 107 it is advantageous for the mirror 107 to be of concave shape, the concave shape being intended to focus the light beam reflected on the photodetector (108a).
  • a small portion of the beam having passed through the gas cell 106 is transmitted by the mirror 107 and picked up by the photodetector 109.
  • This concave shape of the mirror can be realized on the modes of the Figures 2 and 3 providing the benefits described above.
  • the separator 101 is in the form of a polarizing beam splitter cube (PBSC).
  • PBSC polarizing beam splitter cube
  • the optical assembly is based on a miniature separator cube 101 whose sides are preferably less than or equal to 1 mm, the cube 101 acting as a separator. In a standard mode, the volume of the cube is typically 1 mm 3 .
  • the light beam of the laser diode 102 arrives on one of the sides of the cube 101.
  • the laser diode is of the vertical cavity and surface emission semiconductor (VCSEL) type emitting a diverging beam. of light at 795 nm.
  • VCSEL vertical cavity and surface emission semiconductor
  • other types of laser diodes having wavelengths typically ranging from 780 nm to 894 nm may be used for a gas cell containing Rubidium or Cesium. This choice is dictated by the atomic composition of the gas cell.
  • a collimating lens may be added in front of the laser diode to produce a non-diverging laser beam.
  • the light produced 112 by the laser 102 has a linear polarization and is attenuated by an absorbent neutral filter 104a.
  • a different type of filter can be used in other embodiments. The presence of this filter is not necessary for the invention.
  • a half wave plate 104b may be used to change the angle of the linear polarization of the laser source. In combination with the miniature cube 101, the half wave plate 104b plays the role of a variable attenuator. In other embodiments, the use of the half-wave plate 104b may be omitted and the ratio of light intensity between the beams transmitted and reflected by the cube 101 is adjusted by an orientation. appropriate linear polarization axis of the light emitted by the laser relative to the separator cube.
  • a quarter-wave plate 105 is placed at the cube outlet against the face from which the laser beam deflected by the separator 101, or at right angles from the incident beam to the cube.
  • the fast axis of the quarter wave plate 105 is oriented so that the incident linear polarization 113 is changed to a circular polarization 114 in a first direction of rotation.
  • the quarter-wave plate 105 is oriented such that the incident linear polarization 113 is changed to a circular polarization in a reverse direction of rotation to the first.
  • the circular polarization laser beam 114 passes through the gas cell 106 and reaches the mirror 107. The latter only returns the ray partially and a portion of the ray passes through the mirror 107 to go towards the photodetector 109.
  • the gas cell is made of glass-silicon-glass by MEMS (electromechanical microsystem) techniques with an internal volume of typically 1 mm 3 and filled with an absorbent medium of atomic vapor type of alkali metal (Rubidium or cesium), and a buffer gas mixture.
  • the gas cell is filled with Rubidium-87 and a mixture of nitrogen and argon as a buffer gas.
  • other types of cells may be filled with different buffer gases.
  • a cylindrical miniature cell can be used.
  • the gas cell may be integrated in the PBSC 101.
  • the cell 106 may be filled with other types of alkaline metal vapor (rubidium-85, natural rubidium, cesium-133 for example) and other types of buffer gas (Xe, Ne for example).
  • the figure 6 illustrates the design of a device particularly suitable for the CPT clock according to the first embodiment.
  • the teaching of this embodiment can be adapted to the realization of other atomic clocks than that based on the scheme of the Raman oscillator ( figure 1b ).
  • the separation percentage of the separator 101 is predefined so as to have a majority transmission and a minority reflection of about 90% and 10% (+/- 10%) respectively.
  • the circularly polarized light beam 114 is mainly reflected by a mirror 107.
  • the exit window of the gas cell 106 is covered with metal (silver or gold, for example) to play the role of reflector.
  • the coating of the exit window of the gas cell 106 may be a dielectric mirror.
  • the transmission of the reflector 107 is chosen so that a small portion of the light is transmitted to the photodetector 109.
  • the retro-reflected light 115 passes through and interacts a second time with the atomic medium (double pass).
  • the beam passes through the quarter-wave plate 105 which transforms its circular polarization into a linear polarization 116, perpendicular to the transmission axis of the polarizer 103, and is mainly transmitted by the miniature separator cube 101.
  • transmitted light 117 reaches the photodetector 108a which records the absorption spectrum and more specifically the decrease of absorption due to the process of coherent population trapping (CPT).
  • the photodetector 108a is a silicon type photodetector. In other CPT embodiments, different types of photodetectors may be used.
  • the minority portion 119 of the beam 116 deflected by the separator 101 is attenuated by the polarizer 103 and thus does not disturb the laser.
  • the second photodetector 108b records the light beam 118 initially transmitted by the miniature divider cube 101. In this manner, the output power of the laser diode 102 can be measured and adjusted by a dedicated servocontrol loop.
  • the diaphragms 110 and 111 are used to prevent undesirable light from reaching the photodetectors if the size of the laser beam is larger than the dimensions of the faces of the miniature separator cube 101.
  • the light recorded by the photodetector 109 located after the mirror 107 can be used for different types of servocontrol such as laser frequency or cell temperature.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a double-pass optical design based on the second embodiment, with a straight geometry 200 (the digital coding starts at 200 for the design 200) which is very similar to the right-angle and double-pass design 100 (see Figure 5 ).
  • the main difference compared with the design 100 lies in the position of the entity "gas cell 206, quarter-wave plate 205, semitransparent mirror 207 and photodetector 209 " and photo-detector 208b.
  • the gas cell 206 is placed above the PBSC 201 and is therefore located vis-à-vis the laser 202.
  • the polarization light beam P 213 transmitted by the PBSC and then modified circular polarization beam by the quarter-wave plate 205 interacts with the atomic medium.
  • the S-polarization light beam 217 is reflected by the PBSC 201 and the right-angle photodetector 208b is used for laser power measurement.
  • the operating principle of the design 200 is the same as for the model 100.
  • the separation percentage of the separator cube is predefined inversely to that previously described (right-angle housing of the figure 6 ), namely a minority transmission and a majority reflection of approximately 10% and 90% respectively (+/- 10%).
  • the two-pass design and straight geometry thus obtained 200 (the digital coding starts at 200 for the design 200) is very similar to the right-angle and double-pass design 100 (see Figure 6 ).
  • the role of the separator 201 is thus reversed so that the minority portion of the beam from the laser diode 202 is transmitted rather than deflected. For its part, the retro-reflected beam 216 is then mainly deflected towards the photodetector 208a.
  • the main difference in the arrangement of the different elements compared to the design 100 lies in the position of the entity "gas cell 206, quarter wave plate 205, semi-transparent mirror 207 and photodetector 209".
  • the gas-cell entity is placed above the separator cube 201 and is thus located with respect to the laser 202.
  • the photodetector 208b is placed at right angles, where the beam of light emitted by the laser 202 is reflected by the splitter cube 201 and is used for the measurement of the laser power.
  • the operating principle of the design 200 is the same as for the model 100.
  • the figure 8b illustrates the schematic representation of the double-pass right geometry casing 200 of the embodiment of the Raman oscillator according to the first embodiment. All numerals correspond to model 100 of the Raman embodiment and begin with “ 2 " instead of "1".
  • the separation percentage of the separator cube is predefined opposite to that described above (CPT atomic clock of the figure 8a ), namely a minority reflection and a majority transmission of about 2% and 98% respectively (+/- 2%).
  • the figure 9 illustrates a device particularly suitable for a Raman oscillator according to the first embodiment and right angle geometry.
  • the separation percentage of the separator 101 is predefined so as to have a minority transmission and a majority reflection of about 2% and 98% respectively (+/- 2%).
  • the incident light beam 114a and the stimulated Raman scattered light beam (called the Raman beam) 114b are reflected by a mirror 107.
  • the mirror 107 is coated with silver, it is inclined (typically 2 to 20 degrees) and / or eccentric with respect to its axis of symmetry and the axis defined by the incident laser beam and is concave with a chosen focal length to focus the retro-reflected light beams 115 (incident beams and Raman) on the photodetector 108a.
  • Mirror 107 has a typical transmission of a few percent. These percent of transmitted light reaching the surface of the photodetector 109 is used to measure the absorption spectrum and to stabilize the optical frequency of the laser.
  • the exit window of the gas cell 106 is concave, coated with silver (or other metal, such as gold) and acts as a reflector. In other embodiments, the coating of the exit window of the mirror can be made of dielectric layers.
  • the retro-reflected light beams 115 pass through and interact a second time with the atomic medium (double pass).
  • the quarter wave blade 105 converts these circularly polarized beams of light into linear polarization light beams 116.
  • These light beams are mainly deflected 119 (incident and Raman) and reach the first photodetector 108a which records the frequency beat between the incident beam and the Raman beam .
  • the first photodetector 108a is a high-speed semiconductor photodetector (silicon or gallium arsenide) which is positioned at the focus of the concave mirror 107. In other embodiments Raman, different types of high-speed photodetectors may be used.
  • the second photodetector 108b records the light 118 coming directly from the laser 102 and initially transmitted by the miniature divider cube 101. In this manner, the output power of the laser diode 102 can be measured and adjusted by a dedicated servocontrol loop.
  • the photodetector 121 records the retro-reflected beam 117 transmitted by the separator 101.
  • the diaphragms 110 and 111 are used to prevent unwanted light from reaching the photodetectors if their dimensions are larger than those of the miniature separator cube 101 .
  • the Figures 10 and 11 illustrate the third embodiment for the CPT atomic clock and the Raman oscillator, respectively, and which is not based on a separator cube, but on a simple double-pass geometry.
  • the light emitted by the laser source is linearly polarized, converted into circular polarization by a quarter-wave plate 105 before passing through the cell, reflection on the mirror, second passage in the cell, and detection on a photodetector 108a.
  • the mirror 107 is semi-transparent, with a second photodetector 109 placed behind the mirror.
  • the semi-transparent mirror 107 which allows the detection of light having interacted with the atoms of the cell by the photodetector 109.
  • This detection by a second photodetector is particularly favorable in the case of use of the device based on a Raman oscillator.
  • the photodetector 108a In the case of a Raman oscillator, the photodetector 108a has a very narrow bandwidth and centered around the resonance frequency of the atoms to maximize its signal detection efficiency.
  • the high atomic resonance frequency typically> 1GHz
  • This specification is not compatible with a detection of the signal that interacted with the atoms of the cell to adjust the optical frequency of the laser on the resonance peak, or to adjust the temperature of the cell.
  • a low cut-off frequency typically ⁇ 100 kHz
  • DC operation a low cut-off frequency
  • two detectors one for detecting the clock signal, the other for servocontrolling the optical frequency of the laser and / or controlling the temperature of the cell.
  • the ideal way to realize this second detection of a signal having interacted with the atoms of the cell is to use a semi-transparent mirror for the reflection and to place behind this mirror a photodetector 109.
  • the mirror 107 is also advantageous for the mirror 107 to be of concave shape as in FIG. figure 11 , the concave shape being intended to focus the light beam reflected on the photodetector 108a.
  • This arrangement is also interesting for a clock based on a CPT principle, because the photodetector located behind the semi-transparent mirror can be used for stabilizing the temperature of the cell containing the atoms or the frequency of the laser source.
  • a polarizer 103 in front of the laser source 102 and with a transmission axis parallel to the polarization of the beam emitted by the laser source 102.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Vorrichtung für eine Atomuhr mit einer einen Laserstrahl erzeugenden Laserquelle (102), mit einer λ/4-Platte (105), die die lineare Polarisation des Laserstrahles in eine zirkulare Polarisation und umgekehrt ändert, mit einer Gaszelle (106), die von dem Laserstrahl mit zirkularer Polarisation passiert ist, mit einem Spiegel (107), der den Laserstrahl zu der Gaszelle lenkt, und mit einem ersten Photodetektor (108a) sowie mit Mitteln (103, 101, 107) zum Verhindern des Beaufschlagens der Laserquelle (102) durch den reflektierten Strahl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie über einen zweiten Photodetektor (109) verfügt, der hinter dem Spiegel (107) angeordnet ist, wobei der Spiegel halbdurchlässig ist und einen Teil des Laserstrahles durchlässt und wobei der zweite Photodetektor (109) zum Beeinflussen der optischen Frequenz des Lasers und/oder zum Beeinflussen der Temperatur der Zelle (106) dient.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Verhindern des Beaufschlagens der Laserquelle (102) durch den reflektierten Strahl über einen Strahlteiler (101) verfügen, der zwischen der Laserquelle (102) sowie dem Spiegel (107) angeordnet ist und der gemäß einem vorbestimmten Anteil ein Ablenken sowie ein Durchlassen eines Teiles des Laserstrahles gestattet, und einen Polarisator (103) aufweisen, der zwischen dem Austritt des Laserstrahles und dem Strahlteiler angeordnet ist, um die Laserquelle vor Rückreflexionen zu schützen, die von den die Vorrichtung bildenden verschiedenen optischen Elementen stammen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Verhindern des Beaufschlagens der Laserquelle (102) durch den reflektierten Strahl über einen Strahlteiler (101) verfügen, der zwischen der Laserquelle (102) sowie dem Spiegel (107) angeordnet ist und der ein Ablenken sowie einen Durchlass des Laserstrahles in Abhängigkeit der Polarisation des Strahles derart gestattet, dass die Polarisation des Strahles, der aus der Laserquelle (102) über den Strahlteiler (101) stammt und über die gleiche λ/4-Platte (105) einfällt, gemäß dem ersten Winkel linear ist und durch die λ/4-Platte (105) in eine zirkulare Polarisation geändert ist, und dass weiterhin die zirkulare Polarisation des durch den Spiegel (107) reflektierten und die Gaszelle (106) zum zweiten Mal passierenden Strahls durch die gleiche λ/4-Platte (105) in eine in Richtung des zweiten Winkels lineare Polarisation geändert ist, wobei der Strahlteiler (101) den rückreflektierten Strahl in Richtung des ersten Photodetektors (108a) lenkt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Verhindern des Beaufschlagens der Laserquelle (102) durch den reflektierten Strahl über Mittel zum Neigen des Spiegels (107) entsprechend einem in Bezug auf die Achse des Laserstrahles nicht rechtwinkligen Winkels aufweisen, so dass der reflektierte Strahl somit von der Achse des durch die Laserquelle abgegebenen Strahles abgelenkt ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spiegel (107) von konkaver Gestalt ist, so dass der reflektierte Lichtstrahl auf den ersten Photodetektor (108a) fokussiert ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Spiegel (107) von konkaver Gestalt ist und dessen Symmetrieachse in Bezug auf die des einfallenden Laserstrahles versetzt ist, um den reflektierten Lichtstrahl auf den Photodetektor (108a) zu fokussieren und den reflektierten Strahl am Beaufschlagen der Laserquelle (102) zu hindern.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einem dritten Photodetektor (1 08b) ausgestattet ist, der nach dem Strahlteiler (101) derart angeordnet ist, dass ein Teil des Laserstrahles den dritten Photodetektor (108b) beaufschlagt, ohne die Gaszelle (106) passiert zu haben.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin über eine Blende (110) verfügt, die zwischen dem Strahlteiler und der Gaszelle (106) angeordnet ist, wobei die Blende die Strahlweite des Laserstrahles verringert.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2, 3, 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einer zweiten Blende (111) ausgestattet ist, die zwischen dem Strahlteiler (101) und der Gaszelle (106) angeordnet ist, wobei die Blende die Strahlweite des Laserstrahles verringert.
EP10760897.8A 2009-09-04 2010-09-01 Vorrichtung für atomuhr Active EP2473886B1 (de)

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EP09405149 2009-09-04
CH01122/10A CH703410A1 (fr) 2010-07-09 2010-07-09 Dispositif pour horloge atomique.
EP10760897.8A EP2473886B1 (de) 2009-09-04 2010-09-01 Vorrichtung für atomuhr
PCT/CH2010/000215 WO2011026252A1 (fr) 2009-09-04 2010-09-01 Dispositif pour horloge atomique

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EP2473886A1 EP2473886A1 (de) 2012-07-11
EP2473886B1 true EP2473886B1 (de) 2013-05-29

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WO2011026252A1 (fr) 2011-03-10
EP2473886A1 (de) 2012-07-11
US8816779B2 (en) 2014-08-26

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