Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
  • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
  • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
  • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
  • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
  • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
  • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B32/20—Graphite
  • C01B32/21—After-treatment
  • C01B32/22—Intercalation
  • C01B32/225—Expansion; Exfoliation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
  • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
  • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
  • C10L3/108—Production of gas hydrates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
  • C25B1/01—Products
  • C25B1/24—Halogens or compounds thereof
  • C25B1/26—Chlorine; Compounds thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
  • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
  • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B13/00—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
  • C25B13/02—Diaphragms; Spacing elements characterised by shape or form
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
  • E21C50/00—Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
  • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
  • F02G5/04—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases in combination with other waste heat from combustion engines
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
  • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
  • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
  • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
  • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
  • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
  • F03B13/1885—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G3/00—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors
  • F03G3/08—Other motors, e.g. gravity or inertia motors using flywheels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
  • F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
  • F03G7/05—Ocean thermal energy conversion, i.e. OTEC
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F22—STEAM GENERATION
  • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
  • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
  • F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
  • F24D11/002—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
  • F24D11/005—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system with recuperation of waste heat
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H8/00—Fluid heaters characterised by means for extracting latent heat from flue gases by means of condensation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
  • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/0656—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by electrochemical means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
  • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
  • H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
  • C01B2203/0211—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step
  • C01B2203/0216—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a non-catalytic reforming step containing a non-catalytic steam reforming step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
  • C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
  • C01B2203/061—Methanol production
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
  • C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
  • C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/80—Aspect of integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas not covered by groups C01B2203/02 - C01B2203/1695
  • C01B2203/84—Energy production
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
  • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
  • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
  • F24D2200/26—Internal combustion engine
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
  • F24D2200/29—Electrical devices, e.g. computers, servers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
  • F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
  • F24D2200/16—Waste heat
  • F24D2200/30—Friction
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
  • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
  • F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
  • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
  • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
  • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
  • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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  • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
  • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
  • Y02P20/20—Improvements relating to chlorine production
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
  • Y02W10/33—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using wind energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
  • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
  • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/0318—Processes
  • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy

Definitions

• Increased presence of greenhouse gases results in greater trapping and accumulation of solar energy in the atmosphere, causing evaporation of the oceans and facilitates global climate change such as more frequent and more powerful hurricanes, torrential rainstorms and floods, more frequent tornadoes and lightning strikes, thereby resulting in increased weather-related economic loss and damages to human investments in farms, homes, and other industrial ventures.
• Oceanic hazards such as storms, corrosion, biofouling, and collision hazards with ship traffic.
• Unstable environmental conditions including the factors of (1) and (2) combined with the unstable nature of the methane hydrate deposits at temperatures above the freezing point of ice and at pressures less than about 480 psi.
• methane hydrate is relatively low in energy storage density because it is mostly water in the form of an ice crystal that surrounds a molecule of methane.
• a gas hydrate conversion system comprising a floating factory, an appendage for harvesting a gas hydrate from an oceanic hydrate deposit, and one or more storage tanks.
• the floating factory comprises one or more heat exchange assemblies, one or more heat pump assemblies and an engine.
• a gas hydrate conversion system comprising a floating factory, an appendage for harvesting a gas hydrate from an oceanic hydrate deposit, one or more storage tanks, and a solar energy apparatus.
• the floating factory in the system described above comprises one or more heat exchange assemblies, one or more heat pump assemblies, and an engine.
• the solar energy apparatus comprises a light conduit, a solar collector and a light distributor.
• the engine may be a turbine engine, a turbo generator or a combustion engine.
• the gas hydrate is methane.
• the floating factory further comprises a furnace and/or a set of filters for separating harvested gas hydrates and/or separating exhaust gases.
• the appendage for harvesting a gas hydrate comprises a heat distributor for delivering warm water to the oceanic hydrate deposit, a moveable pickup bell for capturing the gas hydrates from an inner capture zone, an outer flexible skirt for capturing the gas hydrates from an outer capture zone, and a hydrate conduit that carries the gas hydrates to the floating factory.
• the conversion system described above further comprises a robot spray cleaning system (RSCS), and/or a return distributor.
• RSCS robot spray cleaning system
• a method for harvesting hydrocarbon hydrate deposits comprising providing a gas hydrate conversion system; inducing release of methane from an oceanic hydrate deposit, capturing the methane from a primary methane capture zone and/or a secondary methane capture zone, and converting the methane to hydrogen and carbon.
• Figure 1 is an end view of a gas hydrate conversion system that extracts methane from gas hydrate deposits and produces various products in accordance with one embodiment.
• Figure 2 is a perspective above-water view of the outside of a gas hydrate conversion system in accordance with one embodiment.
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of a gas hydrate conversion system that extracts methane using a solar energy apparatus in accordance with one embodiment.
• FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a robot spray cleaning system (RSCS) in accordance with one embodiment.
• RSCS robot spray cleaning system
• Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of gas separation and heat transfer components in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
• Patent Applications filed concurrently herewith on August 16, 2010 and titled: METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DETECTION OF PROPERTIES OF FLUID CONVEYANCE SYSTEMS (Attorney Docket No. 69545-8003US); COMPREHENSIVE COST MODELING OF AUTOGENOUS SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ENERGY, MATERIAL RESOURCES AND NUTRIENT REGIMES (Attorney Docket No. 69545-8025US); ELECTROLYTIC CELL AND METHOD OF USE THEREOF (Attorney Docket No.
• the present invention is directed to systems and methods to produce and utilize methane, carbon dioxide, fixed nitrogen, trace minerals, carbon, and hydrogen derived from renewable resources.
• the system and method described herein are also directed to improved production, storage, and transfer of carbon materials, various useful chemical preparations, hydrogen, and energy from gas hydrate deposits.
• a gas hydrate conversion system for harvesting hydrocarbon hydrate deposits and method of its use.
• the gas hydrate conversion system may be used to harvest any type of hydrocarbon hydrate deposits from many types of sources, it is described in this embodiment for use in harvesting methane from gas hydrate deposits on the ocean floor.
• the current disclosure provides embodiments and combinations of embodiments for optimizing the production of valuable goods such as electricity, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oleum, sulfuric acid, ammonia, various ammonium compounds, nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen, and a variety of carbon products from feedstock compounds such as potentially troublesome hydrocarbon greenhouse gases along with such feedstocks of fossil origins.
• high-value graphite products with novel capabilities are produced.
• Gas hydrates found at the cold depths of the ocean floor represent a larger hydrocarbon reserve than all of the fossil coal, oil, and natural gas on earth's continents.
• the methods described herein may be used in a process for averting potentially catastrophic releases of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This may be accomplished by harvesting and converting ocean floor deposits of hydrocarbon hydrates into energy, hydrogen, and carbon products. Harvested hydrocarbons may be utilized to produce needed goods and energy. Fresh water may be produced by decomposition of harvested gas hydrates or by chemical union of hydrogen and oxygen from air and may be distributed to meet the needs of seaboard communities. Collection and production apparatus are powered by electricity and hydrogen made from hydrocarbons extracted from fragile ice crystals at cold ocean depths.
• the embodiments described herein provide a system and associated methods for extracting methane from gas hydrate deposits on the ocean floor with minimal environmental impact. Such system and methods overcome the problems discussed above.
• Direct and/or indirect solar energy may utilized to release hydrocarbons from ice deposits.
• the system for extracting methane may capture solar energy at the ocean surface and use it to release methane and other hydrocarbons from hydrate deposits found on the cold, dark ocean floor.
• the system may harness renewable energy in heat pumping operations to release the methane and other hydrocarbons from hydrate deposits.
• the embodiments described herein provide a high volume conversion of hydrocarbons into customized carbon materials and hydrogen. The carbon materials and hydrogen may then be used to produce valuable goods as described above. For example, durable goods that contain substantial amounts of carbon such as packaging, fabrics, carpeting, paint and appliances made largely from thermoplastic and thermoset polymers may be produced.
• the embodiments further provide additional carbon, graphite, and other products made in large part from carbon for purposes of sequestering the converted carbon from methane and other hydrocarbon greenhouse gases that would otherwise pose a threat to the environment.
• the hydrogen may be used for transportation fuel, production of electricity, and manufacture or production of chemicals (e.g., hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, ammonium compounds, and various forms of carbon).
• chemicals e.g., hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ammonia, ammonium compounds, and various forms of carbon.
• a gas conversion system 100 having a floating factory 2 within a vessel and a harvesting appendage 19 that extracts methane from gas hydrate deposits 4 at the bottom of the ocean is shown.
• the extracted methane may be converted to carbon materials and hydrogen to be used to produce various valuable products as described above.
• a moveable pickup bell 6 may be provided at the distal end of the harvesting appendage 19 that provides a pathway with reduced pressure for the methane and induces the release of methane and other gas hydrates by heating the gas hydrate deposits 4 by a heat distributor 11.
• Heating of the gas hydrates at the ocean floor to release methane is by a combination of techniques including the use of warm surface water in which pump 7 delivers surface water through conduit 9 to heat distributor 11 within bell 6 where it heats the gas hydrate in the area under the bell. Additional heat from factory operations may be added to warm surface water for this purpose. After warming the gas hydrate sufficiently to release methane the warming water is exhausted by gas-liquid separator assembly including downward opening louvers 12, annular shroud 14, and methane recovery director 16.
• the moveable pickup bell 6 is a primary collector of methane and other gas hydrates, released by heating of the gas hydrate deposits 4. At least two zones of methane recovery are provided in conjunction with the harvesting appendage 19.
• a primary methane capture zone 51 corresponds to the area under the moveable pickup bell (or primary collector) 6 wherein warm water from heat distributor 11 transfers heat to the hydrate deposit 4 to initiate release of methane and uptake by the primary hydrate conduit 8.
• a secondary capture zone 52 surrounds the primary methane capture zone 51 , and corresponds to the area under a flexible skirt (or secondary collector) 80 that prevents escape of continued methane release after the bell has moved away from the primary methane capture zone 51 within a hydrate deposit harvesting area.
• Methane that is released too slowly to be captured in the primary collection zone 51 and found in the areas behind the movement of the primary collection zone 51 is captured within the secondary methane capture zone 52 under the flexible skirt 80 and are collected by a secondary hydrate conduit 82 and director vent 84.
• Flexible skirt 80 may also serve as a turbulence buffer to prevent silt and debris from being disturbed by the flow of warming water from heat distributor 11.
• Silt that is entrained in water flowing upwards to separator 12 is returned to the ocean floor by a return distributor such as annular shroud 14 and may be directed by jets 71 , 73 (shown in Figure 3) to a settling area of the ocean floor that is at a suitable location generally away from the area of hydrate harvest.
• Methane captured by the bell 6 and skirt 80 then travels and expands upward through the conduits toward an engine 10.
• the engine 10 may be any suitable engine to propel the vessel, including, but not limited to, a turbo generator, a turbine, or a combustion engine.
• the engine 10 is powered by expanding harvested methane that travels toward the factory via conduits 8, 82. Considerable energy is available for conversion to motive power by the expanding methane alone or in combination with other natural agents such as water, steam and wind. Such motive power may be used to propel or otherwise facilitate the transport or movement of a vessel in water. Energy produced by the engine 10 provides an important recovery of heat and/or pumping energy that may be used to further warm water delivered to the hydrate deposits by the heat distributor 11. A novel thermodynamic cycle is performed in which heat from surface waters that may be 10o to 30o warmer than water at the ocean floor is used to release methane from hydrates at the ocean floor.
• Released methane provides a much higher thermodynamic quality and a denser, expansive medium than water vapor that is typically utilized in partial-pressure Ocean Thermal Energy Cycles or OTEC systems. This allows engine 10 to be much smaller and the system to be much less expensive than conventional OTEC systems working in the same conditions of the ocean environment.
• released methane is continuously and rapidly heated by warming waters to achieve the highest thermodynamic properties and highest velocity toward turbine engine 10.
• Water in primary and secondary conduits 8, 82 is carried upward by the rising methane and is returned to the ocean by downward opening louvers 12.
• Methane that is trapped in exiting water is recovered by shroud 14a that empties through upward opening louvers to the methane recovery director 16 where recovered methane joins primary methane traveling upward to turbine engine 10.
• heating of water including relatively fresh water that is a product of the decomposition of gas hydrates as described below may be accomplished using a system such as that which is disclosed in a U.S. patent application, filed concurrently herewith on August 16, 2010 and titled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SUPPLEMENTED OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION (SOTEC) (Attorney Docket No. 69545-8044US), filed on August 16, 2010, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
• SOTEC Alignitorney Docket No. 69545-8044US
• Heat pump assembly 25 includes a heat exchanger 20 where the working fluid is pressurized to increase the temperature, an expansion device 22 which may be a valve or expansion motor, an input heat exchanger 18 where expanded and cooled working fluid is heated by ocean water, and a compressor or pump 24 that compresses the working fluid into heat exchanger 20.
• the expansion device 22 is an expander motor it is preferred to drive an electricity generator or to add the motive power to the drive for pump 24 for energy recovery purposes.
• Heat exchanger 18 may be coupled to the hull of floating factory vessel 2 to expand the area exposed to surrounding warm ocean water.
• one or more collection lines or inlets 26 may be present to provide a supply of warm surface ocean water from the surrounding ocean water.
• energy to power the components of the floating factory 2 including heat pump 8 may be provided by renewable energy selected from the energy resource group including solar, wind, ocean current, wave, and hydrogen extracted from the renewable methane being harvested from the ocean floor.
• renewable energy selected from the energy resource group including solar, wind, ocean current, wave, and hydrogen extracted from the renewable methane being harvested from the ocean floor.
• the use of a heat pump 24 to add heat to surface water warmed by solar energy is a preferred method for heating water found in low solar insulated areas. This is because for every unit of energy applied to compressor 24, three or more units of heat are added to the warm water collected from the ocean surface water, enabling a striking use of solar energy that is captured by the vast expanses of ocean surface. Further, use of a heat pump 24 results in much faster and controlled release of methane from the hydrates at the freezing temperature of the dark ocean floor.
• Methane and other gases released by the present invention are separated into hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon substances by filter trains 30, 32, 34, 48, 50, 52, as shown in Figure 1.
• Each filter train provides very low impedance to methane flow and can be individually removed from operation for maintenance without reducing the throughput of the system.
• Equation 2 About 18 Kcal/mol or 32,400 BTU/lb mole CH 4 is the required heat addition to decompose methane into carbon and hydrogen as shown in Equation 2. At 80% heat conservation efficiency this requires heat production of about 22.5 Kcal or 40,500/BTU lb mole which may be applied by any combination of applied heat including resistance heating, induction heating or by transfer of combustion heat in combustion annulus 105 as shown according to the reaction of Equation 1.
• Preheated hydrocarbon inventories can be divided between furnace port 112 for deposition of graphite and combustion annulus 105. Along with preheated air hydrocarbons are fed into combustion annulus 105 for heating furnace 102 with or without assistance by electric heaters 104 as shown.
• the higher heating value of methane is 23,890 BTU/lb of CH 4 .
• 1.7 pounds of methane is burned to release 40,500 BTU/mole which is used to convert one mole of methane to one mole of carbon and two moles of hydrogen.
• this is a fuel cost of about $0,041 to supply the heat needed to deposit 12 pounds of carbon and release 4 pounds of hydrogen.
• the method and system described herein thus provides an efficient way to sequester or store carbon and eliminate a dangerous greenhouse gas threat to Earth's environment.
• hydrogen is efficiently produced and may be used in part to cleanly power the factory ship along with other vessels in the sea or it may be transported to shore by pipelines or tanker ships.
• Hydrogen provides no greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrocarbons upon combustion or use in a fuel cell and is greatly needed to for electricity generation and transportation applications in polluted cities of the world.
• Cooled hydrogen may be stored as a hydride, compressed gas, hydrogenated compound, cryogenic liquid, or slush in storage tanks 61 , 63, and 65, as shown in Figure 2.
• the hydrogen may further heat ocean water either by direct heat exchange or in conjunction with heat pump 18 to aid in the release of methane from the ocean floor.
• the bell 6 may be constructed with sufficient weight to maintain its position against the sea floor regardless of the methane release rate from the hydrate deposit 4 being harvested and resulting buoyant forces.
• the bell 6 may be moved within a horizontal plane to harvest a large surface area hydrate deposit or it may be moved up and down a vertical plane to follow hydrate deposits that have relatively small areas but deep veins.
• Primary and secondary conduits 8, 82 may be made of flexible tubing or telescoping tubing or combinations of both types for accommodating the situation being harvested.
• Horizontal propulsion of bell 8 is preferably by occasional jets of water from nozzles 70, 72 (not shown), 74 that are in at least three or more opposing equally spaced locations around the upper portion of bell 6.
• Suitable position sensors provide guidance of the harvesting appendage 19 and related components including the return location of debris through a return distributor 14 by a central controller 506, as shown in Fig. 3.
• Central controller 506 also adaptively optimizes operations including tracking of solar concentrator 54, heat pump assembly 25 and other energy conversion operations.
• harvesting appendage 19 is controlled to traverse a hydrate deposit 4 with a large area, it is generally preferred to harvest blocks of hydrate deposits 4 by movement of bell 6 by thrust from jets 70, 72 (not shown), 74 as needed to complete a block pattern of extraction and then to move the floating factory to the center of the next block to be harvested.
• power for propulsion and manufacturing operations is preferably provided by one or more heat engines that utilize thermochemical regeneration principles to increase thermal efficiency (see Figure 5).
• Billet(s) 118 are heated by combustion and supplemental heat from resistance or induction heaters 104 within furnace 102 to facilitate rapid decomposition of the methane and to deposit graphite.
• Graphite is generally the preferred form of carbon deposit because it provides a novel heat conservation methodology.
• Pyrolytic graphite is highly insulative in the direction perpendicular to the preferred basal plane of deposition. It is highly conductive within the basal planes. Heat released by combustion in channels 105 or input by electrical heating from heaters 104 provides uniform heating of the exposed basal planes for producing a high rate of carbon deposition.
• Hot steam from W-4 is used with a portion of the incoming methane to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide as shown in Equation 3, below.
• a controller 441 adaptively adjusts the coordinates the adjustment of pumps, valves, and heating operations to optimize the processes described herein.
• Methane is delivered by a pressure adjusting pump 106 to a heat exchanger 108 where it is heated to a temperature near the its decomposition temperature by a countercurrent heat exchange 120 from hydrogen exiting graphite deposition furnace 102.
• Heat for this reaction is also provided by preheating the mostly methane hydrocarbon by heat transfer in exchanger 128 from the carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced by reactor 124 as shown.
• Control of the pressure and flow of hydrocarbon into heat exchanger 128 and thus to reactor 124 is provided by feed pump 126 and is coordinated with feed pump 432 and valve 132 to manifold 134 to fuel injectors 136 in engine 416 for control of hydrocarbon delivery to heat exchanger 415 and thus to reactor 124 as shown.
• Preheated steam formed from W-1 water added at W-3 is also provided by countercurrent heat exchanger 120 to reactor 124 at port W-4 for completion of the reaction of Equation 3.
• Engine fuel mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is delivered across check valve 132 and added to hydrogen delivered by line 130 to engine manifold 134 to power engine 416 and to cool equipment such as generator 418.
• Hydrogen may also be provided from heat exchanger 108 to be filtered to the desired extent by filter(s) PSA-1 and PSA-2 and coordinated control valves 421 , 423, 461 and 463 as shown for use in fuel cell 466 or for chemical purposes from control valve 138.
• engine fuel is directly injected into the combustion chambers of engine 416 by fuel injectors 136 as disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application titled Method and System for Increasing the Efficiency of Solar Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (SOTEC), filed on August 16, 2010, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.
• SOTEC Solar Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
• Exhaust from engine 416 can be delivered through exhaust pump 459 to PSA-3 and PSA-4 through coordinated control valves 447, 449, 450, and 452 and as needed for further purification by subsequent operations of PSA-5 and PSA-6 through coordinated control valves 451 , 453, 458, and 460.
• Carbon dioxide produced by combustion of carbon monoxide in engine 416 can be reacted with hydrogen to produce methanol for purposes of serving as an easily transported liquid chemical feedstock and/or transportation fuel. Equation 4 shows the overall process.
• Equation 4 can be accomplished by liquid phase methanol slurry catalysts at about 250oF (120oC) at favorable rates to produce inexpensive methanol.
• Nitrogen that is separated from the exhaust of engine 416 can be used as a cover gas for autoclave processing and it can be reacted with hydrogen to form ammonia or a variety of compounds. Equation 5 shows the venerable process of ammonia formation.
• sulfur may be utilized in the form of H 2 S and other sulfur compounds that are removed from the gas mixture delivered to the filter trains in processes that provide valuable chemicals and fertilizers.
• ammonium sulfate can be readily produced from such feed stocks using any suitable technology including the well known Saturator, Wilputte, Pickle Liquor or Indirect process.
• Oleum and/or sulfuric acid may also be produced from sulfur values in the delivered gas mixture.
• ammonium chloride ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium carbonates may be readily produced according to some embodiments to meet market demand for such products.
• solar energy may be harnessed and used to initiate release of gas hydrates in areas that have abundant solar radiation reaching the surface of the ocean.
• solar energy is utilized to heat engine generators and photovoltaic arrays to produce electricity and to provide a solar energy apparatus 200 to beam concentrated solar energy to the ocean floor for purposes of heating the hydrate and releasing methane into bell 6.
• the solar energy apparatus 200 may include a solar collector 54 that concentrates and delivers light at incident angles that efficiently conveys the light through a light conduit 56 with highly reflective walls to provide high-intensity delivery of solar energy directly to the areas where methane releases are desired. Delivery of light to the ocean floor, as opposed to warm water delivered by a heat distributor, provides the advantage of causing fewer disturbances of silt and debris.
• Light conduit 56 may also include a light pipe 56a of highly transparent medium such as glass or plastic that conducts solar energy to the ocean floor. Both types of light pipes 56a may use an artificial light and parabolic reflector assembly 58 to supplement and/or replace solar energy as needed. Suitable light sources include radiant sources such as catalytic heaters that combust hydrogen or methane to provide mostly infrared output, mantle burners with thorium oxide and rare earths that produce considerable light in the visible spectrum, incandescent lights, fluorescent lights, mercury vapor lights, sodium vapor lights, sulfur vapor lights and many other suitable artificial light sources. Final distribution and sealing of the light pipe is by an array of light distributors 60 as shown within bell 6. The use of solar energy to release methane gas from gas hydrate deposits according to this embodiment may be used alone or in combination with a heat distributor 11 as described above.
• RSCS robot spray cleaning system
• Cleaning of interior areas is generally more important than cleaning of exterior areas.
• High pressure pump 502 supplies spray water to one or more RSCS spray units 514.
• the RSCS units assist in propelling themselves by orienting the cleaning sprays 504 in directions that provide thrust in the intended direction of travel.
• a central controller 506 provides coordination of the spray jet orientations to generally cancel jet thrust by actions of nozzles on opposite sides of the RSCS as shown.
• Positioning a RSCS at critical areas that need cleaning is accomplished by coordinated measurements of the distance that delivery tubing 510 is extended from storage spool 512 and by the angle and location that an inertial guidance navigation system within each RSCS reports to the central controller 506.

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• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Oceanography (AREA)
• Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
• Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
• Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (9)

Publications (2)

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ID=49302451

Family Applications (7)

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Country Status (11)

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• 2010
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201080037896.0A patent/CN102713281B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 CA CA2770510A patent/CA2770510A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-08-16 RU RU2012111665/06A patent/RU2562336C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-08-16 JP JP2012526836A patent/JP2013503299A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10817626.4A patent/EP2470752A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10814157.3A patent/EP2470788A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10814155.7A patent/EP2625031A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045629 patent/WO2012047187A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201080048874.4A patent/CN102713282B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045658 patent/WO2011028400A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201080048888.6A patent/CN103124692B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 BR BR112012004093A patent/BR112012004093A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10855997.2A patent/EP2470786A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045664 patent/WO2011028401A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045668 patent/WO2011102851A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045670 patent/WO2011028402A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 RU RU2012111681/06A patent/RU2537321C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10814156.5A patent/EP2470787A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 JP JP2012537875A patent/JP5852576B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 RU RU2012111666/06A patent/RU2012111666A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN2010800488710A patent/CN102713154A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201080048872.5A patent/CN102712020B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/002260 patent/WO2011028233A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10846282.1A patent/EP2470822A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 AU AU2010289904A patent/AU2010289904A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-08-16 JP JP2012526835A patent/JP2013503310A/ja active Pending
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201510098366.1A patent/CN104912705A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201510137060.2A patent/CN104848032A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045669 patent/WO2012047188A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201080048882.9A patent/CN102884361B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 JP JP2012526834A patent/JP5922577B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 EP EP10858212.3A patent/EP2567066A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-08-16 CN CN201080048875.9A patent/CN102713280B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 KR KR1020127004326A patent/KR101547007B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-08-16 WO PCT/US2010/045653 patent/WO2011034677A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2010-08-16 RU RU2012111668/06A patent/RU2499949C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2012
  • 2012-01-31 IL IL217860A patent/IL217860A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2012-02-01 ZA ZA2012/00791A patent/ZA201200791B/en unknown
• 2013
  • 2013-09-02 JP JP2013181500A patent/JP2014025587A/ja active Pending
• 2014
  • 2014-08-08 JP JP2014163086A patent/JP2015028339A/ja active Pending

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