EP2649103A1 - Préparation de polymères peignes par estérification - Google Patents

Préparation de polymères peignes par estérification

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Publication number
EP2649103A1
EP2649103A1 EP11791302.0A EP11791302A EP2649103A1 EP 2649103 A1 EP2649103 A1 EP 2649103A1 EP 11791302 A EP11791302 A EP 11791302A EP 2649103 A1 EP2649103 A1 EP 2649103A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
reaction
base
reaction mixture
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11791302.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ueli Sulser
Lukas Frunz
Jörg ZIMMERMANN
Jürg WEIDMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sika Technology AG
Original Assignee
Sika Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sika Technology AG filed Critical Sika Technology AG
Priority to EP11791302.0A priority Critical patent/EP2649103A1/fr
Publication of EP2649103A1 publication Critical patent/EP2649103A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2605—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C04B24/2647—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2652—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles
    • C04B24/2658—Nitrogen containing polymers, e.g. polyacrylamides, polyacrylonitriles containing polyether side chains
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • C04B2103/32—Superplasticisers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to processes for the preparation of comb polymers by esterification.
  • the invention also relates to comb polymers, comb polymer-containing compositions, hydraulically setting cement compositions and moldings, and uses of the comb polymers and comb polymer-containing compositions.
  • Comb polymers of carboxylic acid polymers with polyalkylene glycol side chains are used in concrete technology as a dispersant, in particular as a plasticizer. With the addition of such polymers to cements, the water content can be reduced, which is advantageous for the processability and stability of the concrete.
  • the polymers are referred to as comb polymers because they have a single base polymer (also referred to as "backbone”, “polymer backbone”, “backbone” or “backbone”) to which a plurality of side chains are covalently bonded such that the overall molecular structure is one Comb resembles.
  • backbone also referred to as "backbone”, “polymer backbone”, “backbone” or “backbone”
  • comb polymers are prepared from unsaturated carboxylic acid, ester, ether, amide and / or imide functional monomers by free radical polymerization.
  • the polymers are prepared in a so-called "polymer-analogous reaction" from a polycarboxylic acid which comprises acrylic acid units and / or methacrylic acid units with the respective alcohols and / or amines the comb polymer obtained by esterification and / or amidation of the polycarboxylic acid or a salt or anhydride thereof.
  • Comb polymers used as plasticizers for cement compositions generally contain polyethers as main side chains which are linked via ester groups to the polycarboxylic acid.
  • the preparation of the comb polymers by polymer-analogous reaction therefore comprises esterification as an essential reaction step. Since esterification reactions in organic synthesis are usually carried out by means of acid catalysis, the production of comb polymers from monohydroxypolyethers which have a terminal hydroxyl group and polycarboxylic acids in the prior art are generally acid-catalysed.
  • EP 2065403 A1 discloses the acid-catalyzed esterification of polycarboxylic acids with monohydroxypolyethers in the presence of strong mineral acids, preferably sulfuric acid.
  • EP 1 138697 A1 likewise discloses the esterification of polyacids with monohydroxypolyethers in the presence of acid catalysts. Sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid are used as preferred catalysts. To neutralize the polyacid, alkaline substances may optionally be added, such as metal hydroxides.
  • WO 99/47468 proposes adding a base to the reaction mixture in the esterification of the polycarboxylic acids, such as sodium hydroxide and lithium hydroxide. It is disclosed that comb polymers thus prepared have advantageous properties in the liquefaction of cement compositions. However, in such reaction mixtures, the components are difficult or impossible to mix homogeneously.
  • a reaction product in the form of a melt of the comb polymer is obtained, which additionally contains by-products, unreacted starting materials and salts.
  • These other components can affect the stability of the comb polymer and the effect as a plasticizer.
  • a post-treatment for example by neutralization or dilution.
  • there is no purification of the comb polymer since such treatment processes would be too costly and not cost-effective in industrial production.
  • there is usually no separation of by-products or salts for example by dialysis or column chromatography. In principle, it would therefore be desirable to obtain the comb polymers in high purity, in high yields and with low levels of unwanted by-products.
  • a disadvantage is also a high salt content (salt load) of the reaction product. This can lead to precipitation during storage, especially at low temperatures.
  • the salt load of the reaction product results inter alia from the inorganic acidic or basic catalysts and additives and optionally from the polycarboxylic acid used, if it is used as a salt.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome the problems described above.
  • the process should be procedurally economical, using small amounts of reactants and auxiliaries and be carried out in a few reaction steps and achieve a high yield with short reaction time and low energy consumption.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing comb polymers and comb polymer-containing compositions having advantageous properties.
  • the content of comb polymer in the reaction product should therefore be high and the content of undesired by-products low.
  • the Comb polymer or the comb polymer containing solution should not tend to hydrolysis and have a good stability in storage and processing.
  • the salt load should be low. It is intended to provide novel liquefiers for use in curable compositions having advantageous properties.
  • the polymers are said to exhibit a good plasticizing effect in hydraulically setting compositions. Disclosure of the invention
  • the invention provides a process for the preparation of comb polymers, wherein at least one polycarboxylic acid or a salt thereof is esterified with at least one monohydroxypolyether, comprising the steps: (a) providing a reaction mixture which contains at least one polycarboxylic acid,
  • step (D) esterification at a reaction temperature of at least 80 ° C, in particular more than 100 ° C, to obtain the comb polymer, wherein the reaction mixture in step (a) and / or (b) at least one monohydroxypolyether is added.
  • the steps (a) - (d) are carried out in particular in the order given.
  • the base is added in an amount which causes partial neutralization of the polycarboxylic acid. It has surprisingly been found that the reaction is particularly efficient when the reaction mixture is heated to above 80 ° C., preferably above -20 ° C. or above 120 ° C., and subsequent addition of a base for the partial neutralization of the polycarboxylic acid.
  • a reaction mixture is provided.
  • the reaction mixture contains the at least one polycarboxylic acid, in particular as an aqueous solution, and optionally at least one monohydroxypolyether. Initially, only a portion of the monohydroxypolyether may be added, or even the entire amount. Optionally, additional acids and / or monoamine compounds are included. However, the monohydroxypolyether, or a portion of the total amount of the monohydroxypolyether, the additional acid, and / or the monoamine compounds may also be added at a later time during or after the heating of the reaction mixture. In particular, the additional acid is added at most 100 ° C. This may be advantageous if the mixture is still relatively viscous at low temperature and difficult to homogenize.
  • the reaction mixture is water-containing.
  • the reaction mixture in step (a) and (b) is homogeneously mixed, for example by stirring.
  • the base is not added to the reaction mixture in steps (a) and (b).
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture in step (a) may be, for example, between 25 ° C and 90 ° C. Preferred is a temperature above room temperature, since then the mixing of the components is facilitated, for example at 40 ° C to 80 ° C.
  • the polycarboxylic acid is present in the reaction mixture in step (a) and / or (b) is not or substantially not neutralized.
  • the protonated or unneutralized form of the carboxy group has the formula -COOH, while the neutralized or non-protonated form has the formula -COO " It has been found that a completely or substantially protonated polycarboxylic acid mixes particularly effectively and homogeneously leaves.
  • "essentially” or “largely” in relation to terms such as “protonated” or "neutralized” means that the polycarboxylic acid is protonated to more than 90%, in particular more than 92%, in particular more than 95%. neutralized.
  • an additional acid in particular sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid, can be added to the reaction mixture in step (a) before the heating in step (b).
  • the additional acid is added in an amount such that the polycarboxylic acid is completely or substantially protonated and is no longer present, or substantially no longer neutralized.
  • the additional acid is preferably a strong acid, for example a mineral acid.
  • the pKs value of the additional acid is preferably less than 3, in particular less than 1.
  • Preferred additional acids are sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
  • an additional acid may be advantageous in order to dissolve and homogenize the reaction mixture. This is particularly advantageous if the polycarboxylic acid used is completely or partially neutralized.
  • the additional acid serves to protonate the polycarboxylic acid in the reaction mixture. As a result, the miscibility is improved with the other components, especially when the reaction mixture is heated, while the proportion of water is reduced.
  • the acid thus acts as a solubilizer between the monohydroxypolyether and the polycarboxylic acid.
  • the addition of additional acid is particularly preferred when inhomogeneities of the reaction mixture are evident. If no complete mixing of the monohydroxypolyether with the Polycarboxylic acid is reached, it may have a negative effect on the reaction rate and reaction.
  • the amount of additional acid used is for example 1 to 400 mmol, in particular between 2 and 100 mmol, based on 1 mol of carboxy groups of the base polymer.
  • the equivalent concentration of the acid is preferably lower than that of the base. It is for example 0.05 to 0.8 equivalents, in particular 0.1 to 0.5 equivalents, based on the base.
  • the polycarboxylic acid is completely or substantially protonated after addition of the additional acid.
  • step (a) The addition of the additional acid in step (a) is not required if the reaction mixture is homogeneously miscible even without this acid during mixing and heating. This is the case in particular if the polycarboxylic acid used is little or not neutralized. In this preferred embodiment, no additional acid, especially mineral acid, is added.
  • the polycarboxylic acid in the reaction mixture in step (a) is more than 95%, in particular more than 98%, more than 99% or more than 99.5% protonated.
  • the degree of neutralization and degree of protonation of the polycarboxylic acid can be determined by known methods, for example by titration.
  • the polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof forms the base polymer ("polymer backbone") of the comb polymer
  • the polycarboxylic acid is a polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid
  • salt includes according to the invention not only the classical salts obtained by neutralization with a base but also complex compounds with metal ions and the carboxylate groups as ligands.
  • Polycarboxylic acids is the adjustment of the chain length with a regulator, for example phosphite or sulfite. Therefore, the polycarboxylic acids may have groups which are not carboxylic acid units, for example, phosphorus or sulfur containing groups. Suitable polycarboxylic acids are commercially available and are available, for example, from BASF under the trade name "Sokalan".
  • the monohydroxypolyether has one hydroxy group per molecule, which is preferably terminal.
  • the polyethers are therefore monohydroxy-terminated polyethers.
  • Such monohydroxypolyethers are generally closed on one side with end groups which are not reactive under customary reaction conditions, preferably with alkyl groups.
  • the monohydroxypolyethers are preferably monohydroxyalkoxylates. It is preferably a polymer having a polyalkylene glycol skeleton.
  • the monohydroxypolyether is a monohydroxy compound E of the formula (I)
  • R 3 is independently a C 2 -C 4 alkylene group having an order of the (R 3 O) units in any possible sequence;
  • R 4 is a C 1 -C 12 -alkyl or cycloalkyl radical, a C 7 -C 20 -alkylaryl or aralkyl radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical, or a monovalent organic radical having 1 to 30 C atoms, which optionally comprises heteroatoms, stands; and wherein x is a number from 3 to 250, preferably 5 to 200 and usually denotes the average chain length.
  • Monohydroxy compounds E of the formula (I) as substituents R 4 preferably have an alkyl group. This is preferably a methyl, ethyl, i-propyl or n-butyl group, in particular a methyl group or ethyl group.
  • R 3 independently of one another is a C 2 -alkylene group and / or a C 3 -alkylene group.
  • E is a copolymer of ethylene oxide / propylene oxide, more preferably one-sided end-capped polyoxyethylene. Mixtures of several different compounds of group E are also possible.
  • end-capped polyoxyethylenes having different molecular weights can be mixed on one side, or, for example, mixtures of unilaterally end-capped polyoxyethylenes with one-end capped interpolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or one-end capped polyoxypropylenes can be used.
  • the monohydroxy compound E is a one-sided end-capped polyoxyalkylene having a molecular weight M w of 500 to 10 ⁇ 00 g / mol, in particular from 800 to 8000 g / mol, preferably from 1000 to 7000 g / mol.
  • Also suitable is a mixture of unilaterally end-capped polyoxyalkylenes having a different molecular weight for example the mixture of polyoxyalkylene having a molecular weight of 1 ⁇ 00 g / mol and polyoxyalkylene having a molecular weight of 5 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
  • the amount of monohydroxypolyether used is adjusted to achieve the desired degree of esterification of the base polymer.
  • the degree of esterification of the polycarboxylic acid ie the ratio of the number of ester groups to the number of all carboxy groups of the base polymer in the non-esterified state, is between 5 and 80%, preferably between 9 and 67%, particularly preferably between 13 and 50 %.
  • the polycarboxylic acid is additionally amidated with at least one amine.
  • the amidation is carried out with the esterification.
  • a monoamine compound F can be added in the esterification.
  • Typical examples of such monoamine compounds F can be represented by the formula (II): NH 2 - (R 3 O) x R 4 (II).
  • Examples of such monoamine compounds F are methoxy-amino-polyoxyethylene, ⁇ -methoxy-oo-amino-polyoxypropylene and -methoxy- ⁇ -amino-oxyethylene-oxypropylene copolymer.
  • Particularly preferred as monoamine compounds F are -methoxy-amino-oxyethylene-oxypropylene copolymers or ⁇ -methoxy-oo-amino-polyoxyethylenes, and also other monoamines which are marketed, for example, by Huntsman under the name Jeffamine® of the M series, and mixtures thereof.
  • Most preferred are a-methoxy-oo-amino-oxyethylene-oxypropylene copolymers.
  • Such monoamine compounds F are obtainable, for example, from an alcohol-initiated polymerization of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, followed by conversion of the terminal alcohol group into an amine group.
  • the amount of monoamine compound used is adjusted to achieve the desired degree of amidation of the base polymer.
  • the comb polymer has a proportion of amide groups of 0.01 to 2%, preferably between 0.02 and 0.2%, based on the total number of carboxy groups of the base polymer before the reaction.
  • the proportion of amide groups is about 0.04%.
  • esterification optionally in conjunction with an amidation, by the reaction of
  • another compound D may be added, which may undergo reaction with the polycarboxylic acid or the salt thereof.
  • a compound D are further amines or alcohols, for example a C6-C20 alkyl alcohol or a further mono- or diamine, preferably monoamine. It is also possible to use several different compounds D.
  • the reaction mixture in step (b) is heated to a temperature above 80 ° C.
  • the temperature set in step (b) preferably corresponds to the reaction temperature of the esterification in step (d).
  • the temperature in step (b) and / or the reaction temperature in step (d) is at least 100 ° C or at least 120 ° C, more preferably at least 140 ° C or at least 160 ° C.
  • the temperature in step (b) and / or the reaction temperature in step (d) is between 80 ° C and 250 ° C, preferably between 120 ° C and 220 ° C or between 140 ° C and 200 ° C.
  • a preferred temperature is for example 175 ° C. Temperatures above 100 ° C are particularly preferred in step (b), since it can be efficiently removed water.
  • a base is added to the reaction mixture in step (c) of the process.
  • the base becomes the reaction mixture added after the polycarboxylic acid was mixed with the monohydroxypolyether.
  • the base is an additional component of the reaction mixture.
  • the polycarboxylic acid or other educts used as starting material, for example the amine used for the amidation, are not additional bases in the sense of the invention.
  • the base is preferably a low molecular weight compound. This means that the base is preferably not a polymer, that is, no compound produced by a polymerization reaction.
  • the molecular weight is for example below 2000 g / mol or below 1000 g / mol.
  • the base is preferably selected from metal carboxylates, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, thiocyanates and phosphites.
  • the metal of the base is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, in particular sodium or potassium.
  • the carboxylate is a carbonate, formate, acetate, propionate, citrate, adipate, maleate or tartrate.
  • the carboxylate is preferably a sodium or potassium carboxylate, in particular an acetate or formate. Preference is given to the use of potassium salts.
  • the base is used to at least partially neutralize the polycarboxylic acid in the reaction mixture.
  • the degree of neutralization of the polycarboxylic acid in the reaction mixture after addition of the base in step (c) is preferably between 2% and 50%, preferably between 4% and 30%, more preferably between 5% and 20% or between 5% and 15%.
  • an esterification reaction is an equilibrium reaction that depends on the concentrations of the reactants and the pH. Therefore, the amount of base used, the amounts of starting materials and the pH are adjusted to one another so that an efficient reaction takes place.
  • the pH of the reaction mixture in the reaction in step (d) is preferably in the slightly acidic range, in particular between 3 and 6 or between 3 and 5.5.
  • the pH is preferably at above 3, in particular above 3.5.
  • the reaction is also dependent on the water content of the reaction mixture. Generally, the reaction is promoted when the water content is low. If the water content in the reaction mixture is too high, for example because the starting materials are provided in the form of aqueous solutions or dispersions, some of the water should be removed before carrying out the reaction. Preferably, the water content is reduced by the heating in step (b), whereby the distilled water is removed. Optionally, prior to adding the base in step (c), the reaction mixture may still be left at elevated temperature until the desired water content is reached.
  • the amount of the base used in step (c) is adjusted in consideration of the degree of neutralization of the polycarboxylic acid.
  • Polycarboxylic acids are often commercially available in partially or completely neutralized form. As discussed above, the polycarboxylic acid should be present in strong or substantially protonated form prior to heating in step (b), optionally achieved by acid addition.
  • the base is added in an amount of 10 to 500 mmol, preferably from 20 to 150 mmol, in particular between 25 and 100 mmol, based on 1 mol of carboxy groups of the polycarboxylic acid used.
  • the base is a metal carboxylate, wherein the carboxylate is removed by distillation during or after the esterification in the form of the carboxylic acid.
  • the removal of the base anions by distillation is possible, for example, when using formates, acetates or carbonates, wherein the corresponding acid is distilled off.
  • the reduced salt load of the reaction products causes the comb polymer-containing reaction products have an increased stability during storage. In particular, there is an improvement in storage at low temperatures, for example between 0 and 15 ° C. It has been found that such comb polymers are less prone to precipitate salts than comb polymer solutions prepared by the prior art.
  • a phosphite can be used as the base.
  • the phosphite may be added before the reaction to the mixture of polycarboxylic acid and polyether.
  • Polycarboxylic acids are commonly made in the art with molecular weight regulators to adjust the chain length.
  • the regulators used include phosphites.
  • Such a phosphite-containing reaction product can then be esterified according to the invention.
  • the base at least one salt of an organic acid.
  • bases are generally weak bases with relatively low pK values ß.
  • metal hydroxides in particular of alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, is not required.
  • no metal hydroxide in particular no alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, is added to the reaction mixture.
  • no amines are added as the base.
  • the reaction mixture contains, in addition to the base polymer, the following components, based on 1 mol of carboxy groups of the base polymer:
  • reaction mixture contains
  • (E) up to 30% by weight, preferably less than 20% by weight, of water, based on the total weight of components (A), (B) and of the base polymer or polymer backbone.
  • the reaction of the polycarboxylic acid or of the salt thereof with the monohydroxypolyether and optionally with at least one additional monoamine compound F and optionally a further compound D to form a comb polymer typically takes place in the polymer-analogous reaction in such a way that the polycarboxylic acid or the salt thereof is stirred with the at least one monohydroxy compound E and / or the at least one monoamine compound F is added and heated to the reaction temperature. Subsequently, the base is added. The mixture is further stirred and possibly reacted under vacuum or by passing or passing a gas stream over or through the reaction mass. If, in addition to the monohydroxy compound E, a monoamine compound F is used, its addition may be carried out simultaneously with the monohydroxy compound E or at a later time during this reaction step.
  • the reaction mixture is at the reaction temperature, a viscous mass, which can also be referred to as a melt.
  • the base should be selected so that it is sufficiently soluble under the desired reaction conditions. It has been found that the bases preferred according to the invention, such as carboxylates and metal hydroxides, can be used in sufficient amounts under the reaction conditions (elevated temperature, low water content) because of their solubility.
  • the reaction can be suppressed by cooling.
  • the reaction according to the invention is so efficient that an almost complete conversion is achieved and neutralization is not absolutely necessary. It is sufficient according to the invention to cool the reaction mixture. Regardless, the reaction mixture can be recycled.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out under reduced pressure.
  • the reaction according to the invention is carried out by means of customary devices, in particular with stirring, by means of temperature control, using conventional heating devices and / or with a suitable vacuum pump.
  • the degree of conversion based on the polyether used, is preferably above 70%, 80% or 90%, preferably above 95%.
  • the reaction time is preferably between 30 minutes and 6 hours, in particular between 45 and 240 minutes.
  • the inventive method is therefore energy-saving and cost-effective due to its high efficiency over known methods.
  • a large amount of energy can be saved since the reaction time at high temperature (well above 100 ° C) is reduced. Also, the reaction temperature compared to known methods can be significantly reduced.
  • a comb polymer-containing melt is obtained.
  • the comb polymer can be obtained in solid form, in particular in the form of flakes.
  • a solution can also be obtained.
  • the reaction product may optionally be post-treated, for example neutralized or provided with additives and / or additives, and used as an additive for hydraulically setting compositions.
  • the invention also provides a comb polymer-containing composition which is obtainable by the process according to the invention.
  • the composition is the reaction product and therefore an aqueous solution or dispersion of the comb polymer. It may also contain other components, such as unreacted starting materials, by-products, salts and optionally additives.
  • the comb polymer comprises:
  • R 1 is independently H or CH 3 ;
  • R 2 independently of one another for an ester group -CO-O- or for a
  • R 3 independently of one another is a C 2 -CQ-alkylene group, in particular an ethylene or propylene group
  • R 4 is independently of one another H, a C 1 -C 12 -alkyl or
  • Cycloalkyl radical a C 7 - C 20 alkylaryl or aralkyl radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical, or a monovalent organic radical having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which optionally comprises heteroatoms is, and
  • x independently of one another is a value between 3 and 250, preferably between 5 and 200.
  • the main chain or the base polymer of the comb polymer is a linear polymer or copolymer obtained from the at least one acrylic acid unit A or the salt thereof and / or the at least one methacrylic acid unit M or the salt thereof by polymerization.
  • the structural unit B is part of the comb polymer.
  • the at least one acrylic acid unit A and the at least one methacrylic acid unit M may be partially or completely neutralized.
  • the acid moiety may be in the form of a free acid or of a salt or partial salt or anhydride, the term "salt" here and hereinafter including complex salts between metal ions and the carboxylate groups in addition to the conventional salts as obtained by neutralization with a base.
  • the classical salts are obtained by neutralization with sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or an amine.
  • the structural unit B of the formula (I) can be an ester or an amide, depending on the choice of the radical R 2 .
  • the comb polymer contains ester groups and optionally additional amide groups.
  • the proportion of the structural units B connected via ester groups is preferably at least 50%, in particular at least 80% or at least 90%, or 100%.
  • the base polymer of the comb polymer may be a polyacrylic acid or a polymethacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • - (R 3 O) x- represents a C 2 to C 4 polyoxyalkylene group, in particular a polyoxyethylene group or a polyoxypropylene group or mixtures of oxyethylene and oxypropylene units in any desired sequence, for example random, alternating or blockwise.
  • R 4 is preferably not H, and more preferably a methyl radical.
  • the comb polymer has a proportion of ethylene oxide units of at least 30 mol%, preferably 50 to 100 mol%, in particular 80 to 100 mol%, of the total number of (R 3 O) x units. More preferably, exclusively ethylene oxide units are present in the comb polymer.
  • the comb polymer has at least one further structural unit C, which is different from the structural units A, B and M, and which is selected from an ether, ester, amide or imide unit, an acid unit selected from carboxylic acid , Sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphoric acid ester,
  • the further structural unit C comprises polyoxyalkylene groups, preferably polyoxyethylene groups, polyoxypropylene groups or mixtures thereof.
  • the structural unit C may be an ester unit which is prepared by reacting a mono- or dicarboxylic acid with an alkyl alcohol, in particular a C6-C20 alkyl alcohol.
  • the comb polymer may have a combination of different structural units of the respective structural units of A, M, B and optionally C.
  • several acid units A and M may be mixed in the comb polymer, which are not or completely neutralized.
  • several different ester and / or Amide units B are mixed in the comb polymer, such as several ester units B with different substituents R 3 .
  • Preference is given, for example, to the joint use of polyoxyalkylenes, in particular of polyoxyethylene with polyoxypropylene, or the joint use of polyoxyalkylenes, in particular of polyoxyethylene, having different molecular weights.
  • the comb polymer comprises
  • the sequence of the individual structural units A, M, B, and C in the comb polymer can be alternating, random or blockwise.
  • the comb polymer preferably has an average molecular weight M n in the range of 6,000 to 150,000 g / mol, preferably 10,000 to 100,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 15,000 to 80,000 g / mol.
  • Another object of the invention is a hydraulically setting cement composition
  • a hydraulically setting cement composition comprising at least one comb polymer-containing composition according to the invention and at least one hydraulically setting binder.
  • the invention also provides a shaped article obtainable by setting and curing a setting cement composition according to the invention.
  • the term "shaped body" refers to three-dimensional hardened bodies which have been given a shape, such as components, floors, coatings, etc.
  • the invention also provides the use of a comb polymer-containing composition according to the invention for the liquefaction of hydraulically setting compositions, in particular cement compositions. Preference is given to the use of the immediate reaction product of the esterification reaction, which was not further purified. Because of the high concentration and stability of the comb polymers in these aqueous compositions, purification is not required. However, additional components may be added during use or the composition may be cleaned.
  • hydraulic binder selected from the group consisting of cement, gypsum, for example in the form of anhydride or hemihydrate, quick lime and mixtures of cement with fly ash, silica fume, slag, blast furnace slag or limestone filler.
  • cement or gypsum is particularly preferred.
  • Typical cements are, for example, Portland cements or high-alumina cements and their respective mixtures with customary additives.
  • component (c) additives and / or additives are included.
  • the hydraulically setting compositions may contain conventional additives such as fly ashes, silica fume, slag, blastfurnace slags and limestone fillers.
  • additives such as sand, gravel, stones, quartz powder, chalks and additives are common ingredients, such as other concrete liquefiers, such as lignosulfonates, sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates, sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates or polycarboxylate ethers, accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, retarders, shrinkage reducers, defoamers or pore-forming agent possible.
  • concrete liquefiers such as lignosulfonates, sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates, sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates or polycarboxylate ethers, accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, retarders, shrinkage reducers, defoamers or pore-forming agent possible.
  • the comb polymer-containing composition can be used as a dispersant or as a component of a dispersant.
  • the dispersant may contain other ingredients such as additives such as other condensers, for example lignosulfonates, sulfonated naphthalene-formaldehyde condensates, sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde condensates or other polycarboxylate ethers (PCE), accelerators, retarders, shrinkage reducers, defoamers, air entrainers or foaming agents.
  • the proportion of the comb polymer is 5 to 100 wt .-%, in particular 10 to 100 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the dispersant.
  • the dispersant may contain, in addition to the comb polymer, free compounds of the starting materials, in particular free monohydroxy compounds such as, for example, end-capped polyoxyalkylene on one side, in particular free methoxy-polyoxyethylene.
  • the dispersant can be used in particular as a plasticizer, as a water reducer, to improve the processability and / or to improve the flowability of the hydraulically setting compositions produced therewith.
  • hydraulically setting compositions having extended processability can be prepared with the dispersant.
  • the hydraulically setting compositions exhibit a prolonged processability.
  • the composition remains processable for a relatively longer time after addition of water and dispersant containing the comb polymer compared to compositions that do not contain the comb polymer or compared to compositions containing other water-reducing additives such as conventional plasticizers ,
  • the comparison is made such that the compositions without comb polymer or with known liquefier initially have the same water / cement value (w / c value) with a comparable initial spread dimension adjusted via the metered amount of the comparative liquefier.
  • the comb polymer is used preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.05 to 2% by weight, or from 0.1 to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the binder.
  • the comb polymer can be added separately or as a comb polymer-containing composition in solid or liquid form.
  • the comb polymer is preferably used in the form of a liquid composition, in particular as an aqueous solution.
  • the comb polymer or the comb polymer-containing composition can also be used in solid state, for example as flakes, powders, flakes, pellets, granules or plates. Such solid additives are easy to transport and store.
  • the comb polymer in the solid state may be a constituent of a so-called dry mix, for example a cement composition, which can be stored for a long time and is typically packaged in bags or stored in silos and used. Such a dry mixture can be used even after a long storage time and has a good flowability.
  • the comb polymer may be added to a hydraulically setting composition with, or just before or shortly after, the addition of the water.
  • the addition of the comb polymer in the form of an aqueous solution or dispersion, in particular as mixing water or as part of the mixing water, has proved particularly suitable.
  • the preparation of the aqueous solution is carried out in particular by subsequent mixing with water.
  • the comb polymer may also be added to a hydraulically setting composition prior to or during its milling operation, for example, the cement-cement to cement grinding process.
  • the process according to the invention and the comb-polymer-containing reaction products achieve the objects on which the invention is based.
  • the inventive method requires a total of only a relatively short reaction time because of the good mixing of the components and is therefore energy efficient.
  • the high yields of comb polymers according to the invention cause the reaction product according to the invention to have a low content of undesired by-products and unreacted starting compounds.
  • the reaction product according to the invention when using potassium acetate as the base after almost one hour, an almost complete conversion of the polyether can be achieved.
  • the reaction mixture contains almost no free polyether and no or only a few undesired by-products.
  • comb polymer-containing compositions are obtained which exhibit an improved liquefying effect in hydraulically setting compositions.
  • the improvement of the liquefying effect is important in cement compositions, since then the water content of the cement can be lowered.
  • the comb polymer-containing compositions have a high stability.
  • the process according to the invention provides, in particular, hydrolysis-resistant reaction products and comb polymers.
  • the salt cargo of the reaction product especially when distillable bases are used which are removed from the reaction mixture during or after the reaction.
  • FIG. 1 shows the conversion in the esterification of polymethacrylic acid (in percent, based on the sum of the carboxy groups of the PMS) as a function of the reaction time in the presence of various bases.
  • FIG. 2 shows the conversion in the esterification of polyacrylic acid (in percent, based on the sum of the carboxy groups of the PAS) as a function of the reaction time in the presence of various bases.
  • FIG. 3 shows the conversion in the esterification of polyacrylic acid (in percent, based on the sum of the carboxy groups of the PAS) as a function of the reaction time in the presence of various bases.
  • Figure 4 shows the conversion of various comb polymers with a base polymer of polymethacrylic acid in the hydrolysis (in percent, based on the mass of the polymer before the beginning of the hydrolysis reaction) as a function of the reaction time.
  • the base was added dropwise as a 50% solution in water to the reaction mixture. About 3.35 mol% of base were used, based on the carboxy groups of the PMS. When NaOH was used, the amount of base used was 81.2 mmol (about 4.5 mole%).
  • the bases used are shown in Table 1. When selecting the base, solubility and melting point are taken into account. The table shows that the bases have a good solubility or a suitable melting point in order to be used in sufficient quantity.
  • the pH of the reaction mixture after addition of the base is approximately between 3.5 and 4.5.
  • Table 1 Overview of bases used with melting point and water solubilities at 25 ° C and 80 ° C.
  • the abbreviation "v.s.” stands for completely soluble.
  • the degree of esterification of the polymethacrylic acid having an average molecular weight of 5000 was determined after 30, 60 90 and 1 20 min reaction time. The results are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
  • a clear improvement in the conversion is observable.
  • Potassium salts show a slightly better effect compared to sodium salts.
  • With respect to the anions shows a particularly efficient reaction in the presence of acetate or formate. In the presence of these bases side reactions are suppressed.
  • Example 12 is a comparative example.
  • Examples 1 8 to 20 Esterification of polyacrylic acid with various bases An esterification reaction was carried out according to Examples 1 to 11, using polyacrylic acid (BASF, Sokalan PA25 CL PN, about 50% aqueous solution) instead of polymethacrylic acid.
  • the bases used were NaOH and potassium acetate. The results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. Potassium acetate is much more efficient than NaOH.
  • Example 18 is a comparative example.
  • Table 4 Results Examples 21 to 24.
  • Examples 21 is a comparative example.
  • Example 25 Procedure with addition of the base before heating
  • Example 25 shows the advantages of the method according to the invention.
  • the hydrolysis resistance of various comb polymers was tested. For this, 1 g of comb polymer (solid) was dissolved in 10 ml of 2N sodium hydroxide solution. The sample is allowed to stand and every 30 minutes an aliquot of about 100 mg is removed and treated with 4 drops of 1 N HCL. The sample is then diluted to contain about 2-3 mg polymer / ml in the sample. Thereafter, by means of UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography), the polymer-split alcohol (MPEG) is measured. Previously, a calibration curve for the polymer and the alcohol (MPEG) is created.
  • UPLC Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de préparation de polymères peignes, dans le cadre duquel au moins un acide polycarboxylique ou un sel de celui-ci sont estérifiés par au moins un monohydroxy-polyéther. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : (a) mise à disposition d'un mélange réactionnel qui contient au moins un acide polycarboxylique; (b) chauffage du mélange réactionnel à au moins 80 °C; (c) ajout d'une base; et (d) estérification à une température de réaction d'au moins 80 °C en obtenant le polymère peigne, au moins un monohydroxy-polyéther étant ajouté au mélange réactionnel lors de l'étape (a) et/ou (b). L'invention concerne également des polymères peignes, des compositions de ciment, des corps moulés et les utilisations des polymères peignes.
EP11791302.0A 2010-12-10 2011-12-07 Préparation de polymères peignes par estérification Withdrawn EP2649103A1 (fr)

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EP10194535A EP2463314A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2010-12-10 Fabrication de polymères en peigne par transestérification
PCT/EP2011/072057 WO2012076596A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2011-12-07 Préparation de polymères peignes par estérification
EP11791302.0A EP2649103A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2011-12-07 Préparation de polymères peignes par estérification

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WO2012076596A1 (fr) 2012-06-14
EP2463314A1 (fr) 2012-06-13

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