Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
  • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
  • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
  • B04C5/14—Construction of the underflow ducting; Apex constructions; Discharge arrangements ; discharge through sidewall provided with a few slits or perforations
  • B04C5/185—Dust collectors

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a device for purifying a gas, such as air, by extracting particles, such as dust, and more particularly, a device for collecting particles, intended to equip such a purification device. .
• a device for collecting particles also called “rotary lock” comprising an enclosure defined by an inner wall of generally cylindrical shape about a central axis, having a hole inlet and an outlet port of the particles. These inlet and outlet ports are generally coaxial and formed in the cylindrical inner wall.
• Such rotary valve generally comprises a rotor, comprising at least three blades, rotatable about the central axis, each blade extending radially from a fixing end to a shaft, rotatable about the central axis, to a free end for scraping the inner wall.
• These rotating blades define, in the enclosure, compartments sized so that the inlet and outlet ports constantly open into separate compartments. Thus, the rotating blades form an airtight airlock to isolate the inlet and outlet ports of one another.
• the free end can wear quickly under the effect of the resistance force, or the fixing end of the shaft can detach from this shaft under the effect of the pulling torque .
• the life of the blades of such a rotary lock is reduced.
• the object of the invention is in particular to remedy this drawback, by providing a device for collecting particles in which the blades are subjected to stresses lower than those applied to a device of the state of the art.
• the subject of the invention is in particular a device for collecting particles, such as dust, intended to equip a device for purifying a gas by extracting particles, comprising:
• an enclosure comprising an internal wall of generally cylindrical shape about a central axis, extending parallel to the central axis between first and second substantially parallel bases, the chamber having an inlet orifice and a exit, a rotatable rotor about the central axis, comprising at least three blades each extending radially from a rotating shaft to the inner wall, defining in the enclosure compartments sized so that the inlet and outlet ports exit constantly open into separate compartments.
• the particles enter and leave the enclosure in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the blades.
• the particles tend to accumulate on the second base rather than on the cylindrical wall, and are therefore scraped by an edge of each blade which is secured at one of its ends to the rotation shaft.
• a collection device may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:
• each inlet and outlet orifice has dimensions, in particular a diameter, less than half a diameter of the enclosure,
• the first base is provided, outside the enclosure, with means for driving particles towards the inlet orifice,
• the drive means comprise scraping blades of an outer face of the first base, preferably rotating about the axis, each extending from a rotary shaft.
• the invention also relates to a device for purifying a gas, such as air, by extracting particles, such as dust, comprising a collection device, and at least one device for separating particles and gas. , comprising a particulate-laden gas inlet duct, a cleaned gas outlet duct, and a particle outlet duct arranged upstream of the inlet of the collection device.
• the purification device may comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:
• each separation device comprises an air circulation chamber, of generally cylindrical shape, into which the gas inlet and outlet ducts open, and extending to the first base of the collection device, each device separating member further comprising a guiding member of generally conical shape or frustoconical, arranged substantially coaxially with the cylindrical chamber, and whose large section has a diameter smaller than that of the cylindrical chamber and is arranged opposite the first base of the collection device,
• each separating device comprises means for displacing the guide member in translation along its axis, and / or means for bringing this guiding member into vibration,
• each separation device comprises an air circulation chamber, of generally cylindrical general shape, into which the gas inlet and outlet ducts open, and extending to the first base of the collection device, the purification device comprising a blowing nozzle arranged between the air circulation chamber and the first base of the collection device, oriented towards the air circulation chamber,
• the nozzle comprises an element for directing the blown gas
• the cylindrical chamber has a diameter substantially equal to that of the first base
• the purification device comprises at least two separation devices, housed in a cylindrical support element, arranged in parallel, and arranged in a circle of diameter less than that of the first base, the particle outlet duct of each device for separation being arranged next to this first base,
• the purification device comprises a general gas supply duct, connected to the inlet duct of each separation device via a supply chamber, and a general gas evacuation duct, connected to the outlet duct of each separation device via an evacuation chamber,
• one of the supply duct and the evacuation duct extends substantially tangentially to the cylindrical support element, and the other of the supply duct and the evacuation duct extends substantially coaxially. or tangentially to the cylindrical support member,
• the purification device comprises a plurality of separation devices arranged in parallel, and arranged in a spiral diameter smaller than that of the first base, the particle outlet duct of each separation device being arranged opposite this first base; ,
• the purification device comprises a central separation device whose diameter is greater than that of the other separation devices, arranged in the center of the spiral,
• each separation device comprises an air circulation chamber comprising a first substantially cylindrical portion into which the gas inlet and outlet ducts, a second substantially frustoconical portion, extending tapering from a large section connected to the first portion to a small section arranged facing the first base of the collection device, and a third substantially frustoconical portion, extending widening from a small section connected to the small section of the second frustoconical portion, to a large section arranged facing the first base of the collection device,
• the large section of the third frustoconical portion has a diameter substantially equal to that of the first base of the collection device.
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a gas purification device according to a first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a particle collection device equipping the purification device of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a gas purification device according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a partial perspective view of the purification device of Figure 3;
• FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a purification device according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of a purification device according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 is a partial perspective view of a purification device according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 8 is a partial perspective view of a particle separation device for equipping the purification device of Figure 7;
• FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a set of separation devices arranged according to a first variant, intended to equip the purification device of FIG. 7;
• Figure 10 is a schematic top view of an arrangement of a set of separation devices for equipping a collection device similar to that of Figure 7;
• FIG. 1 1 is a truncated perspective view of a purification device according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention
• - Figure 12 is a perspective view of a set of blowing nozzles equipping the device of Figure 1 1.
• FIG. 1 shows a device 10 for purifying a gas, such as air, by extracting particles, such as dust, according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• the purification device 10 comprises a device 12 for separating the particles and the gas, comprising a conduit 14 for gas inlet, comprising a conduit 14 for entering the gas charged with particles, a conduit 16 for the outlet of the cleaned gas, and a conduit 18 for outputting the particles.
• the separation device 12 is of the "cyclone" type, realizing a separation of the particles by trurning circulation of the particles-laden gas and centrifugation of these particles.
• the separating device 12 comprises a hollow body 20 defining an air circulation chamber, comprising a substantially cylindrical first portion 22, into which the gas inlet 14 and outlet 16 discharge ducts, and a substantially frustoconical second portion 24. , extending by tapering from a large section 24A connected to the first portion 22 to a small section 24B forming the particle outlet duct 18.
• the inlet duct 14 of the particulate-laden gas is inclined with respect to a radial direction, so that it imposes a rotation of the gas flow entering the chamber.
• This flow of gas is guided by the wall of the hollow body 20 to the vicinity of the top of the frustoconical portion 24, thus forming a vortex, then axially raises the flow chamber to the outlet duct 16.
• this duct outlet 16 is arranged at an upper end of the cylindrical portion 22, coaxially with this cylindrical portion 22.
• the solid particles included in this gas flow are subjected to a centrifugal force, which causes these particles to the wall of the hollow body 20. When these particles come into contact with this wall, they lose their speed by friction, then fall into the lower part of the chamber to exit through the outlet duct 18 of the particles.
• the purification device 10 also comprises a device 26 for collecting particles arriving at the outlet conduit 18, arranged downstream of this outlet conduit 18. This collection device 26 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
• the collection device 26, also called “rotary lock”, comprises an enclosure 28 delimited by an inner wall 30 of generally cylindrical shape around a central axis X, this inner wall extending parallel to the axis X between first and second bases 34, substantially parallel, and perpendicular to the axis X.
• each inlet and outlet orifice 36 has dimensions, in particular a diameter, smaller than half a diameter of the enclosure.
• the inlet and outlet ports 36 and 36 are offset radially relative to each other, so as to have no portion vis-à-vis.
• central axis X is vertical when the inlet orifice 36 is arranged upwards, and the outlet orifice 38 downwards, in order to promote the entrainment of the particles by gravity.
• the separation device 12 is connected to the collection device 26, by connecting the particle outlet duct 18 to the inlet orifice 36.
• the collection device 26 is thus intended to collect the separated particles of the gas in the device separation 12.
• the collecting device 26 comprises a rotor 40 rotating about the axis X. This rotor
• blade 40 comprises at least three blades 41, for example four blades 41 as shown in Figure 2, in which one of the blades is represented truncated.
• Each blade 41 extends radially from a rotary shaft 42 actuated by a drive unit 44, to the inner wall 30, defining in the enclosure 28 compartments 39 sized for the inlet ports 36 and outlet 38 constantly open into separate compartments 39.
• the inlet and outlet ports 36 and 36 are isolated relative to each other, so that no gaseous flow can flow between these orifices. In this way, it is ensured that the gaseous flow circulating in the circulation chamber of the separation device 12 is well evacuated via the outlet duct 16.
• the blades 41 rotating about their axis X, cause the particles coming from the inlet orifice 36 towards the outlet orifice 38.
• the particles from the inlet port 36 fall by gravity on the second base 34, then the blades 41 scrape this second base 34 by pushing these particles to the outlet port.
• the layer of particles scraped by the blades 41 forms an airtightness, even when the blades 41 are worn on their lower edge scraping the second base 34. In other words, the wear of the blades 41 does not. does not result in significant leakage.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show a purification device 10 according to a second exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• the separation device 12 comprises a substantially frustoconical third portion 46, extending widening from a small section 46A connected to the small section 24B of the second frustoconical portion 24, to a large section 46B arranged opposite the first base 32 of the collection device 26, as shown in particular in Figure 4.
• This frustoconical third portion 46 promotes the entrainment of the particles towards the collecting device 26.
• this large section 46B of this third frustoconical portion 46 is considerably wider than the inlet orifice 36 of the collection device 26.
• this large section 46B has a diameter substantially equal to that of the first base 32.
• this large section 46B can not be connected directly to the inlet port 36.
• the collection device 26 is then provided, outside the chamber 28, with means 48 for driving the particles towards the inlet orifice 36.
• these drive means 48 form a scraper device. , comprising an auxiliary rotor 49, comprising blades 50, for example four blades 50, scraping an outer face of the first base 32.
• These blades 50 are rotatable about the X axis, and extend from one end connected to a rotary shaft 52 to a free end. This shaft 52 is for example rotated by the same drive unit 44 as the shaft 42.
• FIG. 5 a purification device 10 according to a third exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.
• the separation device 12 comprises a hollow body consisting of a cylindrical portion 22, of diameter substantially equal to that of the first base 32 of the collection device 26, and extending to this point. first base 32.
• the collection device 26, meanwhile, is identical to that of the second embodiment described above.
• a purification device 10 according to a fourth exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 6 .
• elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.
• the separating device 12 comprises a cylindrical hollow body 22 similar to that of the third embodiment described above.
• the separation device 12 further comprises a guide member 54, having a generally conical or frustoconical shape, whose large section 54A has a diameter smaller than that of the cylindrical portion 22 and is arranged opposite the first base 32 of the collecting device 26.
• the guide member 54 also has a small section 54B, facing the gas outlet duct 16, from which a fixing rod 55 extends, through the outlet duct 16.
• Such a guide member 54 in particular allows particles coming into contact with its conical wall to be pushed towards the walls of the cylindrical body 22, on which the gas flow flows downwards.
• such a guide member 56 limits the creation of vacuum in the center of the flow chamber, under the effect of gaseous flows flowing rotating along the cylindrical wall.
• the separation device 12 comprises means for translational movement of the guide member 54 along its axis.
• the rod 55 comprises for example a threaded portion cooperating with a fixed nut, so as to allow the displacement of the rod 55, therefore the guide member 54, by screwing.
• This displacement of the guiding member 54 makes it possible to modify the configuration of the cylindrical chamber 20, in particular of the outlet duct of the particles 18. For example, it is possible to provide an outlet opening for the particles between the large section 54A and a flange opposite carried by the cylindrical portion 22, the width of this opening depending on the height of the guide member 54. The width of this opening can then be adjusted by moving the guide member 54. Indeed, this width should not be too narrow to allow the passage of particles, nor too wide not to disturb the flow of air flowing in the chamber 20.
• the separating device 12 also comprises means for bringing the vibrating guiding member into position. Such vibrations promote the passage of particles through said opening, even when this opening is relatively narrow.
• the collection device 26 is similar to that of the second and third embodiments described above. There is shown in Figure 7 a purification device according to a fifth exemplary embodiment of the invention. In this figure, elements similar to those shown in the preceding figures are designated by identical references.
• m is the mass of the object subjected to centrifugal force
• V is the speed of this object
• R is the radius of curvature of the trajectory of this object, therefore, in the case of the separation device 12, the radius of the air circulation chamber.
• the fifth embodiment provides for arranging at least two separation devices in parallel, for example eight separation devices 12 arranged in a circle around the X axis, of smaller diameter than that of the first base 32, the outlet duct 18 of the particles of each separation device 12 being arranged opposite this first base 32.
• the gas flow rate is distributed between the separation devices 12, which allows to maintain a sufficient flow.
• the radius of each of these separation devices 12 being smaller than that of the separation devices 12 described above, the centrifugal force in each of these separation devices 12 is greater, and thus allows better separation of the particles since the air.
• such a collection device 26 is particularly suitable for collecting particles from a plurality of separation devices 12.
• separation devices 12 are held above the collection device 26 by means of a support 56 comprising a cylindrical element of support 58 resting on the collecting device 26 and carrying a plate 60 provided with orifices 62 for receiving and supporting separation devices 12.
• Each separation device 12 may be of any type as described above, whose radius is reduced.
• FIG. 8 shows an example of separation devices 12 equipping the purification device 10 of FIG. 7.
• the separation device 12 is of the type comprising a cylindrical portion 22 into which the gas inlet conduit 14 opens, and comprising a guide member 54 of conical general shape similar to that described with reference to FIG. 6.
• the purification device 10 comprises, as shown in FIG. 9, at least one general supply duct 64 and a general evacuation duct. of gas 66.
• the general supply duct 64 is connected to the inlet duct 14 of each separation device 12 via a supply chamber 65 into which this general supply duct 64 and these inlet ducts open. 14.
• the general gas evacuation duct 66 is connected to the outlet duct 16 of each separation device 12 via an evacuation chamber 67 into which this general evacuation duct 66 opens and these outlet ducts 16.
• each of the supply and evacuation conduits 64 extends substantially tangentially to the cylindrical support element 58.
• one of these supply and evacuation conduits 64 may extend coaxially to the cylindrical support member 58.
• each guide member 54 the displacement means in translation of each guide member 54 along its axis are visible in this FIG. 9, and are designated by the reference 69.
• These displacement means 69 comprise a fixed nut 69A on a plate 71 cooperating with the rod 55 of the corresponding guide member 54.
• the feed chamber 65 may have a spiral shape of smaller diameter than that of the first base 32, a plurality of separation devices 12 being connected to this feed conduit. general 64 by means of their respective inlet ducts 14. This spiral configuration is made so that the outlet duct 18 of the particles of each separation device 12 is arranged opposite the first base 32.
• the device preferably comprises a central separation device 12 with a diameter greater than that of the other separation devices 12, arranged in the center of the feed chamber 65 in a spiral, in order to recover all the particles that have not entered the others. separation devices 12.
• FIG. 1 1 a purification device 10 according to a sixth exemplary embodiment of the invention.
• elements similar to those of the preceding figures are designated by identical references.
• the purification device 10 comprises, in the same way as that of the fifth embodiment, a plurality of separation devices 12 arranged in a circle around the axis X.
• each separation device comprises an air circulation chamber 22 consisting of a substantially cylindrical part, devoid of a guide member 54.
• the spiral gas stream forms a vortex generally generating a vacuum in the center of the cylindrical chamber. This vacuum may suck up the particles, thus affecting the proper operation of the separation device 12.
• the purification device 10 comprises, for each separation device 12, a blast nozzle 68 arranged between the air circulation chamber 22 and the first base 32 of the collection device 26, intended to blow gas at the center of the air circulation chamber 22.
• the gas blown by this nozzle 68 compensates for the vacuum generated by the vortex.
• the air can be sucked from the outside by the vacuum produced in the separation device 12, or alternatively may be derived from a compressed gas injected into the chamber 22.
• the blowing nozzles 68 comprise a common supply, and are carried for this purpose by a blower ring 70 comprising a supply duct 72.
• At least one nozzle 68 comprises an element 74 for orienting the blown gas, for example an inclined blade, making it possible to give an initial rotation to the injected air corresponding to the vortex direction generated in the separation device 12.

Landscapes

• Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
• Cyclones (AREA)
• Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

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• 2011
  • 2011-03-02 FR FR1151705A patent/FR2972118B1/fr active Active
• 2012
  • 2012-03-02 US US13/823,468 patent/US8951320B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-03-02 WO PCT/EP2012/053667 patent/WO2012117102A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2012-03-02 EP EP12706283.4A patent/EP2680977A1/de not_active Withdrawn

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