EP2695228A2 - Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'un accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'un accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie

Info

Publication number
EP2695228A2
EP2695228A2 EP12716237.8A EP12716237A EP2695228A2 EP 2695228 A2 EP2695228 A2 EP 2695228A2 EP 12716237 A EP12716237 A EP 12716237A EP 2695228 A2 EP2695228 A2 EP 2695228A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
detected
unit
housing
gas concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12716237.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jochen STURM
Rüdiger NEBELSIEK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of EP2695228A2 publication Critical patent/EP2695228A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4228—Leak testing of cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M6/5083—Testing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M6/50—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance, e.g. for maintaining operating temperature
    • H01M6/5044—Cells or batteries structurally combined with cell condition indicating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for leak detection of an electrochemical energy store, which is designed as a single battery cell or as a battery with a plurality of parallel and / or serially interconnected battery individual cells, wherein at least one detection unit is provided, by means of which a gas concentration in a housing detectable is.
  • the system includes a gas sensor having a gas-sensitive nanoparticle structure comprising metal nanoparticles associated with bi-or polyfunctional organic molecules.
  • the gas sensitive nanoparticle structure is a metal nanoparticle / organic
  • the gas sensor is a sensor that operates based on analyte-induced changes in its conductivity, capacitance, inductance, dielectric permittivity, polarization, impedance, heat capacity, or temperature.
  • the method provides for the gas sensing gas sensor to be located near a battery and to detect analyte-induced changes in electrical conductivity, capacitance, inductance, dielectric permittivity, polarization, impedance, heat capacity, or temperature in the gas sensor that indicate a faulty battery.
  • an analyte-induced change in the electrical conductivity, capacitance, inductance, dielectric permittivity, polarization, impedance, heat capacity, or temperature in the gas sensor is detected, an output of an optical, an acoustic signal and / or a data signal is triggered.
  • the determined faulty battery is automatically sorted out.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a comparison with the prior art improved device and an improved method for leak detection of an electrochemical energy storage, which is designed as a single battery cell or as a battery with a plurality of parallel and / or serially interconnected battery single cells.
  • Energy storage which is designed as a single battery cell or as a battery with a plurality of parallel and / or serially interconnected battery individual cells, at least one detection unit is provided, by means of which a gas concentration in a housing can be detected.
  • the housing is designed and closable as a battery housing, wherein the detection unit is a metal oxide sensor, which is connected to an evaluation unit, wherein depending on the detected gas concentration by means of the evaluation unit, a control signal, for example for switching off the electrochemical energy storage and / or for triggering a binder release unit automatically can be generated.
  • the safety for persons handling the electrochemical energy store is increased in a particularly advantageous manner both during operation and when not in operation.
  • the electrochemical energy store can be continuously monitored with regard to its tightness by means of the at least one detection unit.
  • the electrochemical energy store is preferably a high-voltage battery for an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or a vehicle powered by fuel cells, the individual battery cells being, in particular, lithium-ion cells.
  • Detected signals of the at least one metal oxide sensor can be fed to the evaluation unit, so that inflammable and even explosive gas compositions can be determined and, depending on this, at least one measure is automatically initiated with regard to the safety of persons by means of the evaluation unit.
  • the metal oxide sensor as detection unit of the gas concentration preferably comprises a ceramic chip with platinum microstructures and, for example, three gas-sensitive
  • Metal oxide layers for reducible and easily and hardly oxidizable gases wherein the components may be at least partially disposed in a sensor housing.
  • the mode of operation of the metal oxide sensor is based on a change in the conductivity of the gas-sensitive metal oxide layers upon contact with oxidizable and / or reducible gases.
  • a measuring range of the metal oxide sensor is dependent on the type of gas, wherein a gas concentration of a few parts of a million, also referred to as parts per million, can be detected as a relative measure.
  • Solvent components of the electrolyte escape or exit and thus there is a risk to persons at least in the immediate area of the battery.
  • the detection unit designed as metal oxide sensor, for example in the case of an electronic and / or cable fire within the
  • Battery housing to detect combustion gases and detected signals of the
  • the battery is by means of a
  • the binder release unit is arranged in the battery housing itself, whereby the binder within the
  • Battery housing is releasable and binds leaking electrolyte within the battery housing from a leaking battery single cell. Thus, it is largely excluded that the electrolyte exits the battery case and thus may pose a danger to persons.
  • the binder release unit has a container with a closable opening, wherein the evaluation unit is advantageously connected to a release mechanism, by means of which the opening is closed. Due to the connection between the evaluation unit and the release mechanism, it is possible to
  • Binder release unit automatically trigger without manual intervention.
  • the Binder is released and spreads in the battery case.
  • the binder is a liquid absorber for organic liquid substances.
  • an output unit for outputting an optical, acoustic and / or haptic warning signal is provided so that, for example, a driver of the vehicle receives an indication of the existing danger with respect to the electrochemical energy store.
  • a leaking single battery cell can have its full function despite a leak, so that the defect goes unnoticed.
  • a plurality of detection units may be arranged in the battery housing, so that when a plurality of electrochemical
  • Energy storage each energy storage is associated with a respective detection unit.
  • the detected signals can be supplied to the evaluation unit, so that advantageously it can be determined on the basis of the detected gas concentration where the leaking electrochemical energy store or the leaking single battery cell is located inside the battery housing.
  • the detection unit is in one
  • the detection unit is arranged in the battery single cell, a gas concentration can be detected within it, so that a
  • Detecting unit decomposition substances of the electrolyte detectable, from which the quality state and the aging state of the single cell battery can be determined.
  • knowledge of the quality and / or aging state of the electrochemical energy store is useful in assembling a battery of used battery cells.
  • the determined quality state and / or the aging state are or are an important parameter in the case of replacement, repair, recycling and / or disposal of an electrochemical energy store.
  • the device for checking the tightness of the electrochemical energy store can also be used, for example, in the production of electrochemical energy stores. It is also conceivable that in the battery case, at least in the short term and for example at regular intervals, a negative pressure relative to the outer environment of the battery case is generated technically. This makes it possible, if one
  • a method for checking the tightness of an electrochemical energy store which is designed as a single battery cell or battery with a plurality of parallel and / or serially interconnected battery individual cells, provides that a gas concentration in a housing is detected by means of at least one detection unit.
  • the housing is designed and sealed as a battery housing, wherein the gas concentration is detected in the battery housing by means of a metal oxide sensor as the detection unit and the detected signal is supplied to an evaluation unit and depending on the detected gas concentration, a control signal for switching off the electrochemical energy storage and / or for triggering a binder release unit and / or warning the driver is generated.
  • the gas concentration in a particularly advantageous manner is continuously, d. H. recorded both during operation and at standstill of the vehicle.
  • volatile components of an electrolyte are detected by means of the detection unit, wherein the volatile constituents are organic carbonates, provided that the volatile constituents are organic carbonates, provided that the
  • electrochemical energy storage is designed as a lithium-ion cell or lithium-ion battery. By detecting the volatile components of the solvent, flammable and even explosive gas compositions in the enclosure can be detected.
  • At least one warning signal can be generated and output by means of the evaluation unit.
  • Assigned detection unit in the form of a metal oxide sensor, so that by means of the evaluation unit can be determined, where in the case of a detected gas concentration, a leaking electrochemical energy storage. This facilitates the
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a sectional view of a device according to the invention for leak detection of a battery
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically an alternative embodiment of the device for
  • Fig. 4 shows schematically a view of an enlarged detail of a
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically a view of an enlarged section of a
  • Figure 1 shows a sectional view of a device according to the invention for
  • Tightness check of an electrochemical energy store which is designed as a battery 1 or as a single battery cell 2.
  • the battery 1 is a high-voltage battery for an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or a fuel cell-powered vehicle.
  • the device comprises a housing designed as a battery housing 3, a
  • the battery case 3 is box-shaped and closable, wherein the battery case 3 is designed to be substantially tight in the closed state.
  • the battery individual cells 2, 7 each have a cell housing 2.1, in which a non-illustrated electrode assembly is arranged consisting of anode layers, cathode layers and located between them Separatorlagen.
  • a cell cover 2.2 as the upper end of the cell housing 2.1, at least two openings are introduced, in each of which a pole 8 of the battery single cell 2, 7 is arranged.
  • One of the poles 8 is connected to the anode layers and the other pole 8 is connected to the cathode layers of the electrode coil within the cell housing 2.1.
  • a plurality of detection units 4 Arranged on an inner upper side of the battery housing 3 are a plurality of detection units 4 designed as metal oxide sensors, which are connected to the evaluation unit 5 of a battery monitoring unit.
  • the detection units 4 are preferably arranged directly above the battery individual cells 2, wherein a
  • the detection units 4 which are embodied as metal oxide sensors, comprise a sensor housing, not shown in detail, in which a ceramic chip with platinum microstructures and preferably three gas-sensitive metal oxide layers are arranged to detect reducible and easily and hardly oxidizable gases.
  • the binder release unit 6 comprises a container 6.1, in which the binder 9 is stored, for example in the form of a liquid absorber for organic liquid substances.
  • a cassette or other device for storing the binder 9 may also be provided.
  • the container 6.1 has a closable by means of a release mechanism 6.2 opening, wherein at the opening a valve 6.3 is arranged.
  • the valve 6.3 is opened by means of the release mechanism 6.2, which can be triggered pyrotechnically, electrically and / or electromagnetically.
  • the binder 9 is released and flows from the container 6.1 in the battery case 3.
  • predetermined breaking points for example, are melted through the container 6.1 or a line section and thus the opening for releasing the binder 9 is released.
  • valve actuator or other closable device is arranged on the container 6.1.
  • the container 6.1 and the release mechanism 6.2 are connected to the evaluation unit 5 of the battery monitoring unit.
  • the leaking battery single cell 7 has a leakage, through which volatile solvent components of an electrolyte 10 of the battery single cell 7 evaporate.
  • a closed with a closure element 11 burst opening 2.3 open as shown in detail in Figure 5.
  • the pressure can be controlled to escape from the cell housing 2.1 without the cell housing 2.1 bursting. If the bursting opening 2.3 is no longer closed, electrolyte 10 can be removed from the
  • the detection units 4 When the volatile solvent components of the electrolyte 10 contact the detection units 4 in the form of the metal oxide sensors arranged on the upper side of the battery case 3, the conductivity of the gas-sensitive metal oxide layers changes, so that a gas concentration can be detected. Ie.
  • Each of the detection units 4 detects the gas concentration in the area of its detection surface.
  • the detected signals of each detection unit 4 are supplied to the evaluation unit 5 and compared with stored threshold values S T to S 3 with respect to the gas concentration.
  • a first control signal is generated by means of an output unit, not shown, coupled to the evaluation unit 5, by means of which an output of an optical, an acoustic and / or a haptic warning signal can be triggered.
  • the optical warning signal is preferably arranged by means of at least one in an instrument panel
  • the acoustic warning signal is preferably located above the vehicle
  • Issued speaker which can vibrate as a haptic warning signal, for example, a steering wheel or a seat of the vehicle. By means of the output of the warning signal, the driver is notified of a defect in the battery 1.
  • a second control signal is generated by means of the evaluation unit 5, which is supplied to the battery monitoring unit.
  • the battery 1 by means of
  • the driver of the vehicle within a predetermined period of time before switching off the battery 1, for example by means of another acoustic and / or optical and / or haptic warning signal about the upcoming
  • the evaluation unit 5 If the battery 1 is subsequently checked by means of a suitable personnel, it is possible for the evaluation unit 5 to be connected to the battery monitoring unit
  • each detection unit 4 Since the individual detected gas concentrations of each detection unit 4 are stored and readable in the evaluation unit 5, it can be determined on the basis of the detected gas concentrations where the leaking single battery cell 7 is located within the battery housing 3. Ie. if one of the detection units 4 detects a gas concentration having a higher value than other detected gas concentrations, then
  • Single battery cell 7 can be replaced by means of an intact battery single cell 2 and the battery 1 can be put back into operation.
  • a third control signal is generated and fed to the release mechanism 6.2 of the binder release unit 6.
  • the binder release unit 6 is triggered automatically.
  • the valve 6.3 is opened by means of the release mechanism 6.2, so that the Binder 9 is released, distributed in the battery case 3 and leaked electrolyte 10 binds.
  • Battery housing 3 arranged detection units 4 and combustion gases that arise, for example, in a cable fire and / or an electronics fire are detected.
  • combustion gases carbon monoxide
  • Carbon dioxide and / or hydrogen detected If such combustion gases are detected, a further control signal is preferably generated and the battery 1 in a safe state, for. B. by switching off the electrical operation, offset.
  • At least one warning signal is output by means of the output unit and preferably the battery 1 is turned off.
  • FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the device for checking the tightness of the battery individual cells 2 of the battery 1.
  • the device comprises a disposed in the battery case 3
  • Detection unit 4 by means of which a gas concentration is detected.
  • Detection unit 4 is connected to the evaluation unit 5, which evaluates detected signals and, when at least one of the stored threshold values S ⁇ S 2 is exceeded, initiates the corresponding measure by means of a generated control signal.
  • the device according to FIG. 2 does not comprise a binder release unit 6, so that the battery 1 is particularly preferred when the gas concentration is detected accordingly
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of six serially interconnected
  • Battery individual cells 2 wherein in each case one pole 8 of negative polarity is connected to a pole 8 of positive polarity of another battery single cell 2.
  • a detection unit 4 is arranged in the form of a metal oxide sensor.
  • Single battery cells 2 are preferably connected to the evaluation unit 5 via a data bus.
  • the detection units 4 can be arranged on the cell cover 2.2 additionally or alternatively to those on the upper side of the battery housing 3
  • Detection units 4 may be provided.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged section of a cell head of the single battery cell 2 with detection unit 4.
  • the detection unit 4 is arranged in the form of a metal oxide sensor. A detection surface of the
  • Detection unit 4 is located within the cell housing 2.1, wherein the detection surface protrudes into a free space 14 to compensate for an overpressure.
  • the overpressure in the single battery cell 2 arises due to heat generated in the cell housing 2.1 during charging and discharging of the single battery cell 2.
  • a pressure relief valve may be arranged on the cell cover 2.2, which is fluidically connected both to the free space 14 and to an environment of the single battery cell 2. Is the free space 14 to compensate for the prevailing in the cell housing 2.1 overpressure is not sufficient, d. H. increases the pressure for the cell case 2.1 inadmissible, opens the pressure relief valve, so that the
  • the spacer elements 15 serve to ensure that a volume of the free space 14 between the electrode coil and the cell cover 2.2 is specified.
  • the overpressure prevailing in the cell housing 2.1 can not be reduced by means of the free space 14 and by means of the pressure relief valve, there is a risk that the single cell cell 2 will burst, that is to say the cell housing 2.1 will suddenly fail.
  • the cell housing 2.1 can rupture due to the prevailing overpressure.
  • the bursting opening 2.3 is provided.
  • the burst opening 2.3 is connected to the closure element 11, z. B.
  • Membrane sealed, wherein the closure element 11 is formed such that it opens at a certain pressure occurring in the cell housing 2.1, so that the pressure is reduced, as shown in Figure 5 in more detail.
  • the detection unit 4 is connected to a control unit 16, to which detected signals can be fed.
  • the detection surface of the detection unit 4 protrudes into the free space 14, so that a gas concentration located in the free space 14 is detected.
  • nitrogen oxides, nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide as
  • Electrolyte decomposition substances detected by the detection unit 4. The detected signals are supplied to the control unit 16 and evaluated. For example, 16 threshold values are stored in the control unit, which are compared with a respective proportion of a gas in the detected gas concentration. Based on the comparison, a quality state of the battery single cell 2 is determined. Additionally or alternatively, also an aging state of the single battery cell 2 can be determined on the basis of the detected
  • Gas concentration can be determined.
  • Battery single cell 2 represents an important factor z. B. in an exchange, in a recycling and disposal of the battery single cell 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a bottom region of a single battery cell 2 with an open one
  • Electrolyte 10 passes through the burst opening 2.3 with respect to the

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'un accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie qui prend la forme d'un élément accumulateur individuel (2) ou d'un accumulateur (1) composé d'une pluralité d'éléments accumulateurs individuels (2) montés entre eux en parallèle et/ou en série. Ledit dispositif comporte au moins une unité de détection (4) qui permet de déterminer une concentration de gaz dans le boîtier. Selon l'invention, le boîtier prend la forme d'un boîtier d'accumulateur (3) pouvant être fermé. L'unité de détection (4) est un capteur à l'oxyde métallique qui est relié à une unité d'analyse (5) et qui, en fonction de la concentration de gaz déterminée par l'unité d'analyse (5), peut produire automatiquement un signal de commande destiné à arrêter l'accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie et/ou à commander une unité de libération d'un agent de liaison (6).
EP12716237.8A 2011-04-08 2012-04-04 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'un accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie Withdrawn EP2695228A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011016527A DE102011016527A1 (de) 2011-04-08 2011-04-08 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dichtheitsüberprüfung eines elektrochemischen Energiespeichers
PCT/EP2012/001487 WO2012136357A2 (fr) 2011-04-08 2012-04-04 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'un accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2695228A2 true EP2695228A2 (fr) 2014-02-12

Family

ID=46001120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12716237.8A Withdrawn EP2695228A2 (fr) 2011-04-08 2012-04-04 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle de l'étanchéité d'un accumulateur électrochimique d'énergie

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140038006A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2695228A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014512004A (fr)
CN (1) CN103460471A (fr)
DE (1) DE102011016527A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012136357A2 (fr)

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WO2012136357A2 (fr) 2012-10-11
JP2014512004A (ja) 2014-05-19
US20140038006A1 (en) 2014-02-06
DE102011016527A1 (de) 2012-10-11
CN103460471A (zh) 2013-12-18

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