EP2733498A2 - Procédé et dispositif de détection des défauts de mise à la terre directionnelle sur la base de la variation de courant à trois phases - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détection des défauts de mise à la terre directionnelle sur la base de la variation de courant à trois phases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2733498A2
EP2733498A2 EP20130192955 EP13192955A EP2733498A2 EP 2733498 A2 EP2733498 A2 EP 2733498A2 EP 20130192955 EP20130192955 EP 20130192955 EP 13192955 A EP13192955 A EP 13192955A EP 2733498 A2 EP2733498 A2 EP 2733498A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
fault
gap
incremental
grounding
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20130192955
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2733498A3 (fr
Inventor
Rong Li
Rui REN
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP2733498A2 publication Critical patent/EP2733498A2/fr
Publication of EP2733498A3 publication Critical patent/EP2733498A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/081—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current and depending on the direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and device for detecting grounding fault, more particularly to a method and device for detecting a directional grounding fault based on a three phase current variation during a transient period.
  • FPI fault Passage Indicator
  • European patent EP239098A1 a method and device for detecting an intermittent fault in a multiple feeder system. It measures a voltage on a peterson coil, calculates a first-order derivative, and then calculates a correlation factor of each feeder loop current, and the feeder having a highest correlation factor is detected as having a grounding fault.
  • the patent adopts a voltage measurement and is only applicable to a system in which a neutral point is grounded via a peterson coil.
  • Patent WO2011023305A1 a method of fault phase selection and fault type determination.
  • the method adopts an indicator to determine whether it is a phase-phase fault, a three phase fault or a grounding fault.
  • the method measures a phase-phase current and uses a sharing coefficient to determine various types of faults, but it does not provide information on direction determination.
  • Japanese Patent JP2009526203 a method for detecting a grounding fault and an apparatus for powering a cable.
  • the method provides a threshold of estimated average voltage or a variable derived therefrom, and compares it with a phase voltage. If the voltage or the variable derived therefrom is below the threshold, it is assumed that it is a grounding fault.
  • the method only uses a voltage signal.
  • Japanese Patent JP2009038912A a method and apparatus for detecting a grounding fault.
  • a zero sequence voltage sensor is used to detect a grounding fault in the whole system.
  • the current in each feeder is used for calculating a resistance of each feeder.
  • the calculated value is compared to a preset value, and the feeder having a resistance lower than the preset value is detected as having a grounding fault.
  • the method uses a voltage signal and current to calculate an impedance variable.
  • Japanese Patent JP4215656B2 a grounding fault detecting apparatus and a grounding fault detecting method.
  • the method measures three phase currents IA, IB and IC. Then each of the absolute values of
  • the method uses phase-phase current, but does not detect a direction.
  • the method of the present invention disclosed as follows can overcome disadvantages of the above related art and the above mentioned algorithms.
  • the present invention discloses a method for detecting a single phase grounding fault in a power distribution network and determining its direction (whether the fault is an upstream fault or a downstream fault).
  • the method uses three phase current signals before a fault time and after the fault time.
  • An object of the present invention is to implement an accurate fault direction determination by only using a current sensor.
  • the present invention provides a directional grounding fault detecting method, comprising: a. detecting a grounding fault based on sampled three phase currents i A , i B and i C , and obtaining a time point t corresponding to an moment at which the grounding fault is just detected; b. determining whether it is a single phase grounding fault or a two phase grounding fault based on three incremental phase currents ⁇ i A , ⁇ i B and ⁇ i C at moment t; and c. when it is determined as a single phase grounding fault, it is determined whether the fault is an upstream fault or a downstream fault based on an amplitude of the incremental phase current of the faulted phase.
  • the present invention further provides a directional grounding fault detecting device, comprising: a grounding fault detecting module for detecting a grounding fault based on sampled three phase currents i A , i B and i C , and obtaining a time point t corresponding to an moment at which the grounding fault is just detected; a single phase grounding fault determining module for determining whether it is a single phase grounding fault or a two phase grounding fault based on three incremental phase currents ⁇ i A , ⁇ i B and ⁇ i C at moment t; and, a fault direction determining module for, when it is determined as a single phase grounding fault, determining whether the fault is an upstream fault or a downstream fault based on an amplitude of the incremental phase current of the faulted phase.
  • a grounding fault detecting module for detecting a grounding fault based on sampled three phase currents i A , i B and i C , and obtaining a time point t corresponding to an moment
  • the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention records a current (a load component) before a fault to subtract a load component from the measured current during the fault, so as to be able to extract a fault component containing more useful information corresponding to the characteristics of faults occurred at different locations.
  • the present invention detects the just beginning of a fault by using a sample value, and thus contains a transient signal of a high frequency charging and discharging capacitive current which is able to assist to determine a fault phase.
  • Fig. 1 shows a simplified equivalent circuit diagram of faulted current during a single phase fault.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic simplified circuit diagram, and omits most of the following components: a transformer impedance, a longitudinal impedance of a feeder, coupling between feeders, an impedance of a grounding circuit, and a leakage impedance of a feeder. It is assumed that the load is linear and symmetrical.
  • a load current and a capacitive current in three phases cancel out each other, so that no zero sequence current can be measured by an IED (intelligent electronic apparatus).
  • IED intelligent electronic apparatus
  • the voltage on phase A will decrease.
  • the voltages on the other two phases will also change (in most cases, increase).
  • This kind of voltage distortion will make the three phase capacitive current not balanced any more. Therefore, a residual current can be detected by the IED.
  • a preset threshold for example, 10A
  • the capacitive current (indicated by a solid arrow) of a fault feeder cancels out itself through flow in and flow out, and therefore, it can not be measured by the residual current.
  • a fault phase current contains two parts: a load component and a fault component.
  • the load component is not shown in the schematic circuit diagram, but the load component exists both before a fault and during the fault.
  • the fault components in the fault phase contain 5 arrows (two solid arrows, two hollow arrows and an unfilled arrow). If the sum of the neutral point current IN and the capacitive currents I C1 from all adjacent feeders is a great enough value, then the fault component in the fault phase will have a value significantly greater than those of the fault components of the other two healthy phases (5 arrows in phase A >> one arrow in phases B and C). When the relation between the fault components of the three phase currents is implemented, it will mean a downstream fault; and otherwise, it will mean a upstream fault.
  • the network In an ineffective neutral point grounding system (commonly known as a small current grounding system, comprising the neutral point being not grounded, the neutral point being grounded through a high resistance and the neutral point being grounded through a peterson coil.
  • the neutral point being not grounded and the neutral point being grounded through a high resistance are very similar, and will not be distinguished from each other in the following discussion)
  • the network must have adjacent feeders having enough lengths. In other words, the network should have a plurality of feeders (>2). The condition can be satisfied under a general condition, since a transformer substation usually has 8-9 feeders on a bus. If a single phase fault occurs at the position shown in Fig.
  • the detection time of the present invention is at fault transient states, and therefore a direction determination can be made by using a fast fading high frequency current. If the detection time is at fault steady states, and the high frequency current has completely faded, then since the peterson coil has an approximately completely canceling out effect on the steady state capacitive current, no obvious current variation can be measured at the fault phase, and then no information on a fault direction can be obtained.
  • the fault direction in the grounding of a peterson coil is determined by using transient states, which is also a very large advantage of the present invention.
  • the fault identifying method considers having detected a fault, in case that the transient value of the residual current is higher than a preset value such as 10A.
  • the direction determination method according to the present invention is based on the following principles:
  • N is the sampled points per period of the fault detecting device, such as 36. But it should be understood by those skilled in the art that different products may have different sample frequency values.
  • t is a time point corresponding to the moment at which a fault has just been detected.
  • the direction determination method according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the method detects a grounding fault by using a sample value (or transient value). Once the sample value is greater than a preset value such as 10A, then it is considered a grounding fault occurs. But it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the occurrence of the grounding fault can be detected by using other present or future methods.
  • first period in which the fault has been detected
  • the definition of the first period is as follows: assuming the subscript of the sample point corresponding to the moment the fault is detected is t, the sample point corresponding to the first period is [t, t+N-1]. Refer to Figs. 2 , 3 and 4 .
  • Fig. 2 shows a wave of a three phase current during a grounding fault of a phase A during a fault window (i.e., a first period after having detected a fault).
  • Fig. 3 shows a waveform of a three phase increment current ⁇ i during the fault window. Phase B and phase C are very close to each other so that they almost overlap with each other.
  • Fig. 4 shows a waveform of a three phase ⁇ i obtained by amplifying the circled part of Fig. 3 during phase A grounding fault during the fault window.
  • GAP is defined as RMS of the difference value between the two ⁇ i:
  • the method for identifying a single phase grounding fault and a two phase grounding fault is not limited to the above mentioned method.
  • a proportional Yaw ⁇ ⁇ I A 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ I B + ⁇ ⁇ I C ⁇ 100 %
  • Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of a method for determining a fault direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • phase currents i A , i B and i C are sampled.
  • i 0 (i A +i B +i C ), it is a transient value of a residual current. During the normal operation, since the three phase current is balanced, the residual current should be very close to 0.
  • i 0 is greater than a threshold. If i 0 is greater than a first threshold, then it means a grounding fault is detected, and it proceeds to step 404, otherwise it returns to step 401.
  • the first threshold is equal to 10, for example.
  • the size of i 0 can be set by a user, such as 25A or 50A, and can also assume a very small value such as 1A. When the user ensures that there is no fault, and imbalance of elements of a current sensor and elements in a circuit will not cause a residual current greater than a certain value, this value can be considered as the first threshold. The smaller the first threshold is, the more sensitive the device is (can detect a grounding fault having a greater impedance value).
  • GAP AB GAP BC and GAP AC are calculated.
  • step 405 it is decided that whether one GAP value in the three GAPs calculated in step 404 is far less than the values of the other two. If yes, it is decided to be a single phase grounding fault and proceeds to step 406. if No, then it is decided that it is a two phase grounding fault, and proceeds to step 407.
  • the step 406 comprises step 4061, in which it is determined which phase is a fault phase.
  • phase C is a fault phase
  • GAP BC is the smallest, i.e., when rate GBC is less than the second threshold
  • phase A is a fault phase
  • GAP AC is the smallest, i.e., when rate GAC is less than the second threshold
  • phase B is a fault phase.
  • the value range of the second threshold is (35.82%, 131.71%), for example.
  • step 4062 Yaw value is calculated with respect to a fault phase.
  • step 4063 it is decided that whether Yaw value is greater than a third threshold.
  • the value range of the third threshold is (500%, 600%), for example. If the result of the decision of step 4063 is "Yes”, then it proceeds to step 4065 to decide it is a downstream fault. If the result of the decision of step 4063 is "No”, then it proceeds to step 4064 to decide it is a upstream fault, and the process ends.
  • step 407 it is determined whether it is two phase grounding fault, and the process ends.
  • the present invention intends to be implemented in a fault detecting application in the MV power distribution field, and is mainly used for:
  • the overhead FPI uses two kinds of techniques: clip-on or pole-mounted.
  • the method of the present invention can provide a solution suitable for the clip-on technique, such as
  • EMTP Electro-Magnetic Transient Program
  • Fig. 6 shows a simplified schematic simulation circuit for a method for determining a directional grounding fault according the present invention.
  • the FPI When there occurs a single phase grounding fault, the FPI will detect the ⁇ I of the two healthy phases are very close with each other. Therefore, the fault phase can be determined.
  • the fault phase will have a ⁇ I value which is significantly greater than the ⁇ I value of the two healthy phases. If the above condition is not satisfied, then the fault is a upstream fault.
  • any threshold selected between 500% and 600% can identify whether it is a downstream fault or an upstream fault.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP13192955.6A 2012-11-15 2013-11-14 Procédé et dispositif de détection des défauts de mise à la terre directionnelle sur la base de la variation de courant à trois phases Withdrawn EP2733498A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201210460491.9A CN103809070B (zh) 2012-11-15 2012-11-15 基于三相电流变化进行的方向接地故障检测方法和装置

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EP2733498A2 true EP2733498A2 (fr) 2014-05-21
EP2733498A3 EP2733498A3 (fr) 2017-12-06

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CN (1) CN103809070B (fr)
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EP3208904A1 (fr) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-23 General Electric Technology GmbH Appareil de détermination d'un défaut de terre et procédé associé
CN107728000A (zh) * 2017-05-31 2018-02-23 中国矿业大学 一种基于五时态相地增量电流的小电流接地防误选线方法
JP2018191432A (ja) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-29 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 配電線事故原因判定システムとその方法、及びプログラム
EP3499252A4 (fr) * 2017-10-18 2019-06-26 China Electric Power Research Institute Company Limited Procédé et dispositif de détection des défauts monophasés à la terre basés sur l'induction d'un champ électrique et moyen de stockage
CN110456230A (zh) * 2019-08-29 2019-11-15 国家电网有限公司 一种基于双模功能的配电网单相接地故障处理方法
EP3570400A1 (fr) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-20 ABB Schweiz AG Procédé et appareil à utiliser dans une protection de défaut à la terre
CN110501615A (zh) * 2019-09-29 2019-11-26 国网上海市电力公司 中压配电网三相型电缆故障定位系统和方法
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JP2024115808A (ja) * 2023-02-15 2024-08-27 三菱電機株式会社 保護リレー装置
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EP4571330A1 (fr) * 2023-12-14 2025-06-18 Hitachi Energy Ltd Procédé de détection d'un défaut, dispositif d'indication de passage de défaut et ligne d'alimentation
CN120559541A (zh) * 2025-08-01 2025-08-29 云南电网有限责任公司 基于频率响应的变压器绕组故障检测方法、系统及介质

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CN109417284B (zh) * 2016-02-19 2020-05-01 通用电器技术有限公司 用于确定接地故障的设备以及相关方法
WO2017140691A1 (fr) * 2016-02-19 2017-08-24 General Electric Technology Gmbh Appareil permettant de déterminer un défaut à la terre, et procédé associé
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