EP2787280A1 - Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides pouvant s'écouler - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides pouvant s'écouler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2787280A1
EP2787280A1 EP13162458.7A EP13162458A EP2787280A1 EP 2787280 A1 EP2787280 A1 EP 2787280A1 EP 13162458 A EP13162458 A EP 13162458A EP 2787280 A1 EP2787280 A1 EP 2787280A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
fuel
region
outgassing
burn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13162458.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2787280B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Buchegger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Best Bioenergy And Sustainable Technologies GmbH
RIKA INNOVATIVE OFENTECHNIK GmbH
SCHMID AG - ENERGY SOLUTIONS
Original Assignee
HET - HEIZ- und ENERGIETECHNIK ENTWICKLUNGS GmbH
Bioenergy 2020 & GmbH
Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH
HET HEIZ und ENERGIETECHNIK ENTWICKLUNGS GmbH
KWB KRAFT und WARME AUS BIOMASSE GmbH
Ligno Heizsysteme GmbH
RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH
SHT Heiztechnik aus Salzburg GmbH
KWB Kraft und Waerme aus Biomasse GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HET - HEIZ- und ENERGIETECHNIK ENTWICKLUNGS GmbH, Bioenergy 2020 & GmbH, Bioenergy 2020+ GmbH, HET HEIZ und ENERGIETECHNIK ENTWICKLUNGS GmbH, KWB KRAFT und WARME AUS BIOMASSE GmbH, Ligno Heizsysteme GmbH, RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH, SHT Heiztechnik aus Salzburg GmbH, KWB Kraft und Waerme aus Biomasse GmbH filed Critical HET - HEIZ- und ENERGIETECHNIK ENTWICKLUNGS GmbH
Priority to EP13162458.7A priority Critical patent/EP2787280B1/fr
Publication of EP2787280A1 publication Critical patent/EP2787280A1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/10—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing the fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444—Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
    • F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
    • F23G2203/8013—Screw conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for the combustion of free-flowing, solid fuel such as wood pellets or wood chips, wherein the fuel in the combustion chamber in a drying region undergoes a drying process, in a Ausgasungs Buffalo an outgassing process and in a burnout a burn-out.
  • devices for burning wood pellets are known.
  • the wood pellets are located in a reservoir and are conveyed by means of a screw conveyor into a combustion chamber. There they are ignited by an ignition means, for example by hot air, and burned.
  • the waste heat generated in the reaction is subsequently used as useful heat, e.g. used for heating domestic water or heating buildings.
  • the oxygen required for combustion is introduced into the combustion chamber via openings in the form of air.
  • hot combustion gas is produced which is discharged from the combustion chamber via a burnout opening and, on the other hand, incombustible residue which is usually removed from the combustion chamber in the form of ash.
  • the hot combustion gas To improve the combustion efficiency can be post-combusted by supplying secondary air into a secondary combustion chamber, the hot combustion gas.
  • devices and methods for the combustion of free-flowing, solid fuel such as wood pellets are known in which a screw conveyor protrudes into the combustion chamber to supply the pellets to a grid. There the pellets are in burned dormant state and subsequently discharged by another screw in the form of ash.
  • the ash content may vary from about 0.3% to 5% wf and the ash softening temperature may vary from 800 ° C to about 1400 ° C.
  • the low ash softening temperatures and the different ash contents can lead to slagging on the conveyors and other burner components. On the one hand, these impair the optimal combustion and, on the other hand, the mechanical functionality of the device.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide an apparatus and a method for the combustion of free-flowing, solid fuel, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art, can be flexibly adapted to different fuels, enables clean combustion, in particular the emission of nitrogen oxides and fine dust compared to conventional combustion methods reduced and also allows a compact design and a favorable production.
  • the objects according to the invention are in particular achieved by providing conveying means for continuously conveying the fuel through the drying area, the outgassing area and the burn-out area and / or by continuously conveying the fuel via conveying means first through the drying area, then through the outgassing area and then through the burn-out area is encouraged.
  • drying region, the outgassing region and the burn-out region are arranged successively and / or intersecting in the conveying direction such that the outgassing region is connected to a primary combustion chamber and / or that the outgassing region at least partially encloses the primary combustion chamber
  • Primary combustion chamber is connected to a secondary combustion chamber and / or that are provided in the Ausgasungs Scheme and / or in the burn-out primary air openings for supplying primary air.
  • secondary air openings are provided for supplying secondary air before and / or in the secondary combustion chamber, that the secondary combustion chamber is a gas outlet downstream of the exhaust gases, that in the conveying direction after the burnout a Brennruckstandsaustrags Scheme is provided for discharging the combustion residue, said the discharge preferably takes place via the conveying means, that in the conveying direction before the drying area a fuel supply for introducing the fuel is provided, wherein the introduction takes place in a preferred manner on the funding and / or that the funding are designed as arranged along a conveyor shaft blade elements , wherein the conveyor shaft is at least rotationally driven by a drive.
  • the conveying means are designed as screw conveyors, wherein the blade elements extend helically through the combustion chamber and at least rotationally driven by a drive, and wherein the blade elements are preferably helically and band-shaped arranged around the conveyor shaft, that the helical extending blade elements in the burn-out at least partially have a lower slope than in Ausgasungs Suite that the distance between two successive blade elements in the burn-out is less than in the Ausgasungs Suite and / or that the conveying speed of the fuel in the conveying direction in the burn-out is less than in Ausgasungs Symposium.
  • the conveying takes place in a conveying direction which runs essentially horizontally, obliquely or in a direction deviating from the perpendicular, that the combustion chamber jacket and / or the conveying shaft can be cooled with primary air and / or secondary air, through the shaft cavity of the conveying shaft and / or the jacket cavity primary air and / or secondary air is conducted or conductive and / or that primary air and / or secondary air is preheated by passage through the shaft cavity and / or the jacket cavity.
  • a method for achieving the objects according to the invention which is characterized in that the fuel is conveyed via conveying means continuously and / or continuously first through the drying area, then through the outgassing area and then through the burn-out area, that in the outgassing area and / or in the burn-out area Oxygen, in particular primary air is supplied, that the outgassing process escaping from the fuel volatile components of the fuel are passed into a combustion chamber and there oxidized with primary air and / or secondary air, that the fuel is conveyed at a conveying speed through the combustion chamber, wherein the conveying speed is lower in the burn-out area than in the outgassing area and / or in the drying area and / or that the fuel in each case has a residence time in the drying area, in the outgassing area and in the burn-out area, the residence time in the outgrowth nd Scheme is higher than in the Ausgasungs Scheme and / or in the drying area.
  • the solid constituents of the fuel are burned with continuous delivery through the combustion chamber, that the volatile constituents of the fuel are combusted in the primary combustion chamber and in the secondary combustion chamber, that the incombustible constituents of the fuel as fuel residue from the funding be removed from the combustion chamber, that the combustion chamber and / or the conveyor shaft is cooled with primary air and / or secondary air, that the wave cavity of the conveyor shaft with primary air and / or secondary air flows through and / or that primary air and / or secondary air when flowing through the wave cavity and / or the shell cavity is preheated.
  • the fuel is conveyed from a rotationally driven screw conveyor from a fuel feed into a drying area, then into an outgassing area, then into a burnout area and then into a firing residue discharge area, and the feed screw has a smaller one to increase the residence time in the burnout area Slope than in at least one other area.
  • a certain residence time of the fuel in the combustion chamber is provided. This is especially through determined several phases of the combustion process.
  • the phases include a drying phase, a pyrolysis phase, an outgassing phase and a burn-off phase. In conventional pellets, the drying phase can be substantially neglected.
  • the pyrolysis phase and the degassing phase are closely linked and are thus summarized as degassing phase.
  • the combustion phases to be passed by the fuel take place in different regions of the combustion chamber. After introduction of the fuel via a fuel supply into the combustion chamber, the fuel is conveyed by conveying means in a conveying direction.
  • the fuel passes through the drying area, then the outgassing area and, subsequently, the burnout area.
  • the conveyed material consists essentially of burnt residues such as ash, which are discharged via the Brenn Wegstandsaustrags Kunststoff in a collection container.
  • the combustion phases of the fuel in particular the regions of the combustion phases, are arranged one after the other along the conveying direction of the fuel. However, it is in accordance with the idea of the invention that the regions overlap one another.
  • An advantage of the separation and / or juxtaposition of the different burnup phases is that parameters such as the supply of the primary air, the temperature and the residence time of the fuel in the respective region can be influenced and / or controlled separately per region.
  • heat is delivered to the fuel via the combustion chamber, the conveyor or other means.
  • the heat transfer happens counter to the conveying direction of the fuel preferably via heat conduction.
  • the heat itself comes from the combustion, which happens in the following areas.
  • the maximum temperatures in the drying range are about 120 ° C to 180 ° C.
  • This area may also be referred to as the primary primary combustion area.
  • the area is located in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber opening.
  • the outgassing area the volatile constituents of the fuel are released in the outgassing process in an endothermic process and with that via the primary air openings in the combustion chamber supplied atmospheric oxygen is at least partially oxidized.
  • some of the heat released in the process is conducted via heat conduction in the conveyor, in the combustion chamber jacket or via other devices into the drying area.
  • the introduction of primary air in the Ausgasungs Scheme also causes a cooling of the combustion chamber and / or the combustion chamber.
  • the degassing and pyrolysis of the fuel selbiger In the degassing and pyrolysis of the fuel selbiger it is at least partially, preferably completely converted into coke or coal.
  • the maximum temperatures in the Ausgasungs Scheme approximately between 600 ° C and 800 ° C and up to 1000 ° C.
  • the temperatures in the outgassing region are preferably below the ash softening temperature of the fuel.
  • the burn-out area In the burn-out area, the burn-out of the coke or coal to ash takes place.
  • the oxygen needed for the oxidation is supplied via primary air openings of the area.
  • the ash or the combustion residue are subsequently removed by the conveying means through a combustion residue discharge area.
  • the temperature in the burn-out area is about 200 ° C to 400 ° C.
  • the temperatures in the burn-out region are preferably also below the ash softening temperature of the fuel.
  • the volume of the fuel is greatly reduced.
  • a change in the geometry of the conveyor is provided. This change in the geometry is advantageous, on the one hand to further promote the small remaining volume and on the other hand to achieve a sufficiently good introduction of the primary air through the primary air opening in this area.
  • Another effect that can be achieved by changing the geometry of the conveyor is a change in the residence time of the fuel in the area concerned. This prolongation of the residence time is advantageous because the combustion of the carbon takes longer than the outgassing of the volatile constituents of the fuel.
  • the volatile constituents of the fuel are, as noted, at least partially oxidized in the outgassing area with the primary air.
  • This reaction takes place in particular in the primary combustion chamber, which extends from the ember bed of the outgassing region through the combustion chamber opening into the combustion chamber.
  • the secondary combustion chamber Following the primary combustion chamber in the flow direction of the rising combustion gases is the secondary combustion chamber.
  • secondary air openings for supplying the secondary air are provided. According to the invention, these can be arranged along a secondary air burner ring.
  • the oxidation of all combustible gases to carbon dioxide, water and possibly to other exhaust gases takes place.
  • the volatile constituents of the fuel are removed from the fuel mass flow of the combustion chamber in the outgassing region and passed through the combustion chamber in the form of a gaseous partial mass flow.
  • the combustion chamber and the combustion chamber are essentially formed by mutually communicating cavities.
  • the fuel is continuously conveyed through the combustion chamber and passes through the different combustion phases, in which the fuel preferably all combustible components are removed, so that ultimately only burn residue in the form of ash remains.
  • the volatile constituents of the fuel are fed together with the combustion gases of the separate combustion chamber and optionally post-combusted there by introduction of secondary air.
  • the individual phases of the conversion of the fuel in the drying area and in the burn-out area are separate from the combustion of the volatile constituents of the fuel which takes place in the outgassing area, in the combustion chamber, in particular in the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the regions can overlap one another.
  • the separation of the areas and the combustion chambers offers the advantage that in each area the air supply and the mass flow rate, the residence time and flow conditions can be considered separately and influenced. Only by this separation, the inventive increase in the efficiency and improvement of the combustion is achieved.
  • the slagging is prevented or minimized.
  • a further advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is that the release of fine dust particles from the ember bed is reduced, in particular by the separate supply of primary and secondary air, as well as by the possibility of the controlled temperature in the combustion chamber.
  • the secondary air and the primary air can be preheated before being introduced into the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber.
  • This preheating can be done by a heat exchange with one or more components of the device according to the invention.
  • the primary air or the secondary air may be guided along the outside of the combustion chamber shell heated by the combustion.
  • the primary air or the secondary air can be guided by hollow bodies in the combustion chamber or in the combustion chamber. In the preheating of the primary and / or secondary air components of the device can be cooled, thus increasing the life and / or to improve combustion and efficiency.
  • the combustion control is performed, for example, depending on the performance by controlling the fuel mass flow, by controlling the funding, or by controlling the clock speed or the rotational speed of the drive of the conveyor shaft.
  • the combustion air quantity in particular the primary air mass flow and the secondary air mass flow, can be controlled, for example via the speed control of an induced draft blower.
  • An adaptation to different fuels to optimize the efficiency, to fall below the ash softening temperature and to improve the combustion can be made by selecting the drive timing and / or speed and choice of the combustion air mass flow.
  • Supplied fuel 4 is conveyed via conveying means 3 from the area of the fuel feed 5 into the drying area 14. In this there is an increased temperature at which residual moisture escapes from the fuel. Downstream of the drying area 14 is located in the conveying direction 26 of the Ausgasungs Scheme 15. In this take place the degassing and the pyrolysis of the fuel.
  • the volatile components are thereby through the combustion chamber opening in the combustion chamber, in particular in the Primary combustion chamber 12 and the secondary combustion chamber 13 passed.
  • the oxygen necessary for the oxidation is supplied in the form of primary air 6 through one or more primary air openings 7.
  • the supply of primary air can be supported on the one hand by fans or pump-like devices.
  • the resulting in the degassing and pyrolysis of the fuel 4 gaseous fuel components are at least partially oxidized or burned in the primary combustion chamber.
  • the primary combustion chamber 12 is downstream of a secondary combustion chamber 13 in the gas discharge direction 36.
  • this secondary air 8 is introduced into the combustion chamber 20.
  • the entire combustible constituent of the gaseous fuel components is oxidized in a preferred manner and converted into usable heat energy.
  • the fuel 4 is continuously conveyed by the conveying means 3 to the burn-out region 16.
  • the burn-out region 16 further primary air openings 7 are provided for complete coking, charring and / or combustion of the solid constituents of the fuel.
  • the volume of the fuel 4 is greatly reduced.
  • the invention provides that the pitch of the screw contour of the blade elements 21 in the burn-out region 16 be at least partially smaller than in Ausgasungs Symposium 15. Due to the smaller pitch of the spiral contour, the blade elements 21 two successive turns closer to each other.
  • the level in the combustion chamber 1 in the burn-out region 16 is increased and, on the other hand, the conveying speed in the conveying direction 26 is reduced at a constant angular velocity of the rotation of the conveying shaft 22.
  • the conveying speed in the conveying direction 26 is reduced at a constant angular velocity of the rotation of the conveying shaft 22.
  • the residence time of the fuel 4 in the burn-out region 16 is increased.
  • the fuel mass flow can be controlled, wherein the conveying speed is determined by the design of the conveying means, in particular by the slope of the conveyor roof corner.
  • the primary air openings 7 are preferably arranged in the lower region of the outgassing region 15 and the burnout region 16 of the combustion chamber 1 in the combustion chamber jacket 2.
  • the feed of the fuel 4 produced by rotation of the conveying means 3 results in an accumulation of the fuel 4 in a side region of the combustion chamber 1 deviating from the lowest region.
  • the fuel 4 is entrained to some extent by the rotation of the conveying means 3 and against the Gravity on the combustion chamber 2 moves up.
  • the primary air openings 7 in the present embodiment are preferably arranged asymmetrically, away from the lowest point of the combustion chamber 1. Examples are a lateral offset of 20 ° to 40 ° from the vertical in the direction of rotation of the screw conveyor. Further primary air openings can also be arranged in the upper region of the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel in the burnout region 16 is converted from a coke or coal-form state to ash.
  • the fuel residue 10 is further promoted in a further consequence of funding 3 in the Brenn Wegstandsaustrags Scheme 11, from which it enters a combustion residue tank 27.
  • both the primary air and the secondary air can be preheated prior to introduction into the respective combustion region.
  • One way of preheating is to guide the intake air along the outside of the combustion chamber shell or along other components that have an elevated temperature due to contact with the thermal reaction.
  • the conveyor shaft 22 is designed as a hollow shaft and thus has a shaft cavity 28. Via a first shaft opening 29, air can be introduced into the shaft, in particular into the shaft cavity 28, and transported therein, for example in the conveying direction, through the combustion chamber, with no gas exchange taking place between the combustion chamber and the wave cavity.
  • a second shaft opening 30 is provided, through which the preheated air can be passed into the combustion chamber or the combustion chamber.
  • the preheated air in particular the secondary air, is conducted further into a jacket cavity 31 which at least partially surrounds the combustion chamber 1.
  • the air is subsequently further heated and introduced into the combustion chamber 20 via a secondary air feed line 32 and further via the secondary air openings 9.
  • the primary air may, according to the present embodiment, be preheated via a primary air intake 33 and through a second jacket cavity 34 and introduced through the primary air openings 7 in the combustion chamber.
  • the gaseous components of the combustion process and residual air are removed via the gas outlet 35. This is preferably downstream of the combustion chamber 20. In the region of the gas outlet and / or the combustion chamber, one or more heat exchangers for discharging the service heat can be arranged.
  • the conveying direction 26 of the fuel 4 is arranged substantially horizontally.
  • the partial mass flow of the gaseous constituents through the combustion chamber 20 extends substantially vertically upwards.
  • the mass flows are passed through the combustion chamber 1 and / or the combustion chamber 20, which are formed essentially of hollow bodies communicating with one another, in particular tubular components.
  • the conveying direction 26 and / or the longitudinal center axis of the conveying shaft 22 are arranged obliquely downward.
  • the fuel is conveyed from a higher position in the fuel supply 5 to a lower position in the burnout region 16.
  • This inclination promotes fuel transport through the action of gravity.
  • the combustion chamber 20, in particular the gaseous partial mass flow is preferably arranged to run vertically upwards in order to provide as little resistance as possible to the ascending hot gaseous constituents.
  • the conveying direction 26 and / or the running direction of the conveying shaft are aligned obliquely upward.
  • the screw conveyor in particular the helically extending band on radial cuts, for example, to allow an air flow parallel to the conveying direction.
  • This embodiment allows better gas transport against the conveying direction 26.
  • guide elements are provided on the conveyor shaft 22, which are inclined relative to the respective plane of rotation in the conveying direction 26.
  • These plate-shaped elements may be provided on the circumference and along the longitudinal extent of the conveyor shaft, similar to a propeller or similar to a blade.
  • movably arranged guide elements are provided on the conveyor shaft 22, which can be tilted or flattened depending on the desired conveyor throughput.
  • the conveying means 3 are formed by a shaft-free screw, which is driven by the drive at least at one end region.
  • the conveying means 3 have different pitches and / or different distances from one another depending on the area.
  • the screw in the region of the burn-out region and / or the Brenn Wegstandsaustrags Scheme a smaller pitch and / or a smaller distance of the blade elements 21 to each other.
  • the conveying speed is thus reduced in this area.
  • Another effect is that through the closer juxtaposition of the individual blade elements 21, the volume between two turns is less than in the region with a greater distance of the blade elements 21.
  • the level is increased in the vicinity of the closer together blade elements 21 with a smaller pitch.
  • the residence time in this area is increased.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a pellet burner or premium wood chips burner for small furnaces and domestic fires.
  • pellet boilers for heating capacities from about 10kW to about 30kW with automatic operation for fuel ignition, fuel supply, combustion control and disposal of combustion residues from the combustion area.
  • the efficiencies are preferably above 90%, especially at 94% -95%.
  • the dimensions of the devices according to the invention must be within a certain range in order to enable housing in dwellings.
  • the compact arrangement of the device according to the invention allows dimensions which preferably do not exceed a height of 1800 mm 1500 mm, a width of 1000 mm preferably 600 mm and a mounting depth of 1000 mm preferably 750 mm. Through further optimization, these dimensions can be further reduced. It should be noted that these dimensions include the dimensions of the primary and secondary combustion chambers as well as the supply of the pellets and optionally a pellet tank.
  • the pellets can be supplied, for example via suction systems or screw conveyor systems of the device according to the invention.
  • auxiliary power for the ignition 1000-2000W can be sufficient.
  • the power consumption in continuous operation including the fuel supply is, for example, a maximum of 150W.
  • a pellet storage container of about 120I content may be provided.
  • Suitable fuels are different types of wood pellets, premium wood chips, Rapspress residues, olive groats, fruit pomace, pressed grasses and other pressed biological material.
  • incineration must comply with the respective national emission limit values for domestic fires. In particular, this concerns limits for total dust, NOx and CO emissions. Furthermore, the device according to the invention must comply with the national safety regulations for burners or boilers.
  • the control of the conveying speed of the burner screw is clocking and depending on the desired heating power.
  • the residual ash and slag residues are transported by the screw into a container.
  • the screw causes the residual discharge of these residues from the guide tube, so that in the combustion area, the primary air supply and the combustion process are not hindered.
  • the heat exchanger is designed in a steel construction to heat the heat carrier for heating purposes.
  • the heat emission of the combustion gas to the heat carrier takes place for example via cylindrical tubes.
  • inserts To increase the heat transfer and to achieve a compact design can be provided in the heat exchanger tubes inserts. These inserts become movable to mechanically clean the heat exchanger tubes.
  • a further object is to provide a mechanism for controlling the inserts for partial closure of heat exchanger tubes for equalizing the combustion side heat exchanger surfaces to the heating capacity at part load operation. In this case, the exhaust gas temperature can be controlled so that it is over 140 °, whereby conventional chimneys can be used.
  • the combustion gas supply and the combustion air supply can be done by means of speed-controlled induced draft blowers.
  • the combustion control is performance-dependent by controlling the clock speed of the drive of the burner screw and synchronously by controlling the amount of combustion air on the speed control of the induced draft fan.
  • Control criteria are, for example, the power requirement and the desired / required residence time of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • the control of dividing the amount of combustion air into the primary air amount and the secondary air amount may be selected, for example, to minimize NOx emissions to below 100mg / MJ fuel power and dust emissions below 35mg / MJ fuel power in the power range from 10kW to about 30kW for pellet wood fuels.
  • Drying of the fuel takes place at a temperature of up to 150 ° C.
  • components of the fuel such as lignin or cellulose are gasified. This gas ignites as soon as secondary air is supplied, with the flame at about 230-280 ° C.
  • the vaporization of the gaseous constituents of the fuel takes place at about 500-900 ° C.
  • the temperatures in the primary combustion chamber may be, for example, 700-900 ° C.
  • the temperatures in the secondary combustion chamber may be, for example, 900-1200 ° C.
  • two parallel or counter-rotating conveying means in particular screw conveyors, can be used to improve the conveying capacity and the conveying quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP13162458.7A 2013-04-05 2013-04-05 Dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides pouvant s'écouler Active EP2787280B1 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3358253A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-08 HERZ Energietechnik GmbH Installation de carbonisation
WO2021068633A1 (fr) * 2019-10-12 2021-04-15 招远市汇潮新能源科技有限公司 Dispositif de craquage
EP4092320A1 (fr) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-23 Daniel Gaudreault Appareil et procédé pour chaudière à balles

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009667A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-03-01 Tyer Robert C Incinerator for combustible refuse
US4338869A (en) * 1975-04-30 1982-07-13 Gordon H. Hoskinson Combustion apparatus utilizing an auger having an integral air supply system
JPS5927114A (ja) * 1982-08-04 1984-02-13 Obanaya Sangyo:Kk 廃棄物の燃焼装置に用いる移送スクリユ

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4338869A (en) * 1975-04-30 1982-07-13 Gordon H. Hoskinson Combustion apparatus utilizing an auger having an integral air supply system
US4009667A (en) * 1975-05-05 1977-03-01 Tyer Robert C Incinerator for combustible refuse
JPS5927114A (ja) * 1982-08-04 1984-02-13 Obanaya Sangyo:Kk 廃棄物の燃焼装置に用いる移送スクリユ

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3358253A1 (fr) * 2017-02-06 2018-08-08 HERZ Energietechnik GmbH Installation de carbonisation
WO2021068633A1 (fr) * 2019-10-12 2021-04-15 招远市汇潮新能源科技有限公司 Dispositif de craquage
EP4092320A1 (fr) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-23 Daniel Gaudreault Appareil et procédé pour chaudière à balles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2787280B1 (fr) 2020-03-18

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