EP2808096B1 - Procédé de séparation - Google Patents

Procédé de séparation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2808096B1
EP2808096B1 EP14169184.0A EP14169184A EP2808096B1 EP 2808096 B1 EP2808096 B1 EP 2808096B1 EP 14169184 A EP14169184 A EP 14169184A EP 2808096 B1 EP2808096 B1 EP 2808096B1
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Prior art keywords
distinguishing
separation
constituent
plural
constituent substance
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German (de)
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EP2808096A1 (fr
Inventor
Kenichiro HATTA
Hideshi Ueda
Masatoshi Miyasaka
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/363—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air
    • B07C5/367—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a plurality of separation means
    • B07C5/368—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution by means of air using a plurality of separation means actuated independently

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a separation method for separating small pieces consisting of a specific constituent substance from a group of the small pieces in which plural small pieces obtained by crushing the used household electric appliances and the like are mixed.
  • the unneeded household electric appliances become small pieces by crushing and then these crushed small pieces are separated for the constituent substance by using magnetism, wind, oscillation, and the like in household electric appliance-recycling plants, so as to reuse them.
  • the high recycling rate is realized because these small pieces are separated for the constituent substance such as iron, copper, aluminum and the like at high purity by using a specific gravity separation device or a magnetism separation device.
  • polypropylene which has a low specific gravity, is separated from a component having a high specific gravity through specific gravity segregation using water and thus recovered with a relatively high degree of purity.
  • PS polystyrene
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • the separation apparatus which can separate the resin materials at high accuracy by using a jet of air and is useful for the recycling of the resin materials, has been known (see, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-279553 ).
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the conventional separation apparatus 100.
  • the constituent substance of the resin small piece 101 conveyed by the conveyor 104 is distinguished by the distinguishing device 106 when the resin small piece 101 passes the front of the distinguishing device 106.
  • US 5,887,073 describes a high speed mass flow food sorting apparatus and method comprises a product conveyor for receiving and conveying a laterally-distributed stream of bulk food articles past a product diverter.
  • a camera is positioned to view the stream of food articles upstream of a product diverter.
  • a sorting system downstream of the camera including a product diverter is configured to divert undesirable product in response to optically detected undesirable characteristics pursuant to an automated control system.
  • the automated control system connects to the optical inspection system and the sorting system and includes an operator control console having a display and a screen-adjustable graphical slider usable for altering sorting characteristics corresponding to an undesirable optically detected characteristic so as to direct sorting of the undesirable food article during processing.
  • the operator control console displays a graphical user interface via a computer on which the control system is implemented and includes a software application pack specifically configured for processing a particular type of food article having corresponding desirable features, at least one having a corresponding screen-adjustable scaling image.
  • DE 197 36 567 C1 specifies an arrangement which has a first proximity zone through which the products pass into a second zone containing a separation element rotated by a stepper motor and with peripheral fingers at equal intervals.
  • the separation elements transfers the products into three or more further zones.
  • a real-time imaging following system detects the entire path of the products through the zones.
  • the system places information associated with the individual products, e.g. vol., speed, shape, centre of gravity, damage points, etc. into individual microprocessors or address regions and passes the data to a main coordinate processor whose outputs control the stepper motor and separating element with individual product related rotation direction and acceleration.
  • the inventors of the present invention have noticed that the conventional separation apparatus 100 cannot separate the resin small pieces 101 at accuracy high enough.
  • the cause is that the air is jetted from the jetting nozzle 110, when constant time which is decided uniformly passes after the resin small piece 101 passes through a detection position of the passing detection sensor 111.
  • the shapes and sizes of the resin small pieces 101 are various.
  • the size of the resin small piece 101 is large for the detection resolution (the minimum size of the detectable resin small piece) of the passing detection sensor 111, plural detection positions exist for the single resin small piece 101. Therefore, plural detection results corresponding to the plural detection positions, respectively, can be obtained with respect to the single resin small piece 101.
  • the resin small piece 101 which should be separated may not be blown off successfully, because a posture of the resin small piece 101 is changed by rotation due to the shape and size of the resin small piece 101.
  • Fig. 6(a) is a schematic perspective view of the other conventional separation apparatus 150.
  • Figs. 6(b) and 6(c) are explanation views of plural distinguishing results (hereinafter referred to as the group of distinguishing results) by the distinguishing device 3 of the other conventional separation apparatus 150.
  • a small piece 2A as a separation target is conveyed by the conveyor 1, and the constituent substance of the small piece 2A is distinguished when the small piece 2A passes under the distinguishing device 3.
  • the plural distinguishing results 9 denoted by black round marks are distinguishing results of the constituent substances distinguished at a constant interval when the small piece 2A passes under the distinguishing device 3, and the group of distinguishing results is formed by the plural distinguishing results 9. Further, these positions of the black round marks denote the distinguishing positions on the small piece 2A.
  • the small piece 2A which is conveyed in a conveying direction X (see Fig. 6(a) ) by the conveyor 1 is thrown out the conveying end portion 4 of the conveyor 1 and flies.
  • the group of nozzles 5 provided in order to separate the small piece 2A, which is made from the specific constituent substance, from the flying path of the small piece 2B made from the other constituent substance is allowed to jet air according to the distinguishing results 9, and the small piece 2A made from the specific constituent substance is shot down into the side near the conveyor 1 with reference to the separation board 7, so as to be separated from the small piece 2B made from the other constituent substance.
  • the air jetted from the group of nozzles 5 hits only an edge part 2A1 of the board-shaped small piece 2A, because the air is jetted from the group of nozzles 5, based on the distinguishing results 9 (that is, the distinguishing results 9 located in the right end in Fig. 6(b) ) obtained at the first timing in the group of the distinguishing results for the small piece 2A obtained by the distinguishing device 3.
  • the air is jetted continuously or intermittently based on the other distinguishing results 9 in the group of the distinguishing results, however, the air from the group of nozzles 5 does not hit the small piece 2A correctly, because the posture of the small piece 2A has been changed already.
  • the small piece 2A which should be shot down into the side near the conveyor 1 with reference to the separation board 7, is not shot down into the side, flies the course denoted by the arrow, and falls to a place distant from the conveyor 1 with reference to the separation board 7 as shown in Fig. 6(a) .
  • the distinguishing result 9B which should be the same as the distinguishing result 9A may be obtained as a distinguishing result which is different from the distinguishing result 9A by the erroneous decision due to an electric noise or a shape of material.
  • the distinguishing result 9A denotes a correct distinguishing result
  • the distinguishing result 9B denotes an incorrect distinguishing result.
  • the air is jetted based on the incorrect distinguishing result 9B. Therefore, the small piece 2A, which should be separated from the small piece 2B made from the other constituent substance, is not separated correctly, and as a result, the small piece 2A made from the specific constituent substance, which should be separated, is mixed in the group of the small piece 2B made from the other constituent substance.
  • An object of the present invention is, in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, to provide a separation method, which can recover the separation target at higher accuracy.
  • FIG. 1(a) A configuration and operation of a separation apparatus 200 will be described, mainly referring to Figs. 1(a) to 1(c) and Fig. 2 .
  • Figs. 1(a), 1(b) and 1(c) are schematic side views of a separation apparatus 200 according to the present Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the separation apparatus 200 according to the present Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a distinguishing device 3 having an optical device which analyzes the constituent substances of the small pieces 2A to 2D, based on the distributions of intensity of reflected light which are detected by irradiating the small pieces 2A to 2D with light, it is possible to separate the small pieces 2A to 2D consisting of the resin material, which cannot be separated by the conventional specific gravity separation device.
  • the optical device of the distinguishing device 3 has plural light emitting/light receiving elements (not shown) which are disposed in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1 (see Fig. 2 ). Since the conveyor 1 is allowed to have another distribution of intensity of reflected light that is different from each of the unique distributions of intensity of reflected light of the resin materials, it becomes possible to distinguish whether the small pieces 2A to 2D exist or not and analyze the constituent substances thereof as described below.
  • the distinguishing device 3 analyzes the constituent substances of the small pieces 2A to 2D as the separation targets which are conveyed by the conveyor 1, and the analyzed small piece 2A made from the specific constituent substance is separated from the flying paths of the other small pieces 2B to 2D which are thrown out the conveying end portion 4 of the conveyor 1.
  • the separation apparatus 200 specifies the small piece 2A which should be separated, based on information about the constituent substances analyzed by the distinguishing device 3, determines the timing at which air is allowed to jet pulsingly from nozzles which are disposed above or below the flying path, and blows off the small piece 2A made from the specific constituent substance by jetting the air pulsingly based on the timing in order to separate the small piece 2A from the other small pieces 2B to 2D.
  • the air is jetted at least to a position of a center of gravity of the small piece 2A.
  • the small pieces 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D denote the small pieces before passing under the distinguishing device 3
  • the small pieces 2A', 2B', 2C' and 2D' denote the small pieces after passing under the distinguishing device 3.
  • the small pieces 2A' to 2D' are the same as the small pieces 2A to 2D, respectively.
  • a group of nozzles 5 is provided with plural nozzles which jet air in order to separate the small piece 2A made from the specific constituent substance from the flying path of the small pieces 2A to 2D as separation targets which are conveyed and are thrown out the conveying end portion 4 of the conveyor 1, and the plural nozzles are disposed in a width direction of the conveyor 1.
  • a calculation part 6 specifies the small piece 2A which should be separated, based on information about the constituent substances analyzed by the distinguishing device 3, and determines the timing at which the air is allowed to jet pulsingly from the group of nozzles 5.
  • a separation board 7 is a member which is disposed so as to separate the small piece 2A made from the specific constituent substance, which has been separated from the flying paths of the other small pieces 2B to 2D.
  • Each size of the small pieces 2A to 2D is about 10 to 100 mm with respect to a lengthwise direction and a lateral direction, and is about 0.5 to 2 mm with respect to a thickness direction.
  • a conveyance speed of the conveyor 1 is about 2 to 3 m/sec.
  • the interval between the nozzles of the group of nozzles 5, which are disposed in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1, is about 5 to 10 mm.
  • the distinguishing device 3 distinguishes whether the small piece 2A' as one of the separation targets, which passed under the distinguishing device 3, exists or not, and analyzes the constituent substance of the small piece 2A' when the distinguishing device 3 judges that the small piece 2A' exists.
  • the small piece 2A' made from the specific constituent substance, which should be separated, is blown off and separated from the flying paths of the other small pieces 2B' to 2D'.
  • the typical flying paths of the small pieces 2B' to 2D' which have been thrown out the conveying end portion 4 of the conveyor 1 are indicated by a solid line, a dotted line and a chain line.
  • the distinguishing device 3 distinguishes whether the small pieces 2A to 2D exist or not and analyzes the constituent substances thereof.
  • the distinguishing device 3 distinguishes whether the small pieces 2A to 2D exist or not and analyzes the constituent substances thereof at a constant cycle or a constant interval with respect to the parallel and perpendicular directions with reference to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1.
  • Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b) are schematic perspective views of the separation apparatus 200.
  • Fig. 3(c) and Fig. 3(d) are explanation views of the groups of distinguishing results by the distinguishing device 3 of the separation apparatus 200.
  • the distinguishing positions 8A, 8B, 8C, 8D, 8E, 8F and 8G denote the positions where the distinguishing device 3 distinguishes whether the small pieces exist or not and analyzes the constituent substances thereof by using the plural light emitting/light receiving elements which the distinguishing device 3 is provided with.
  • the distinguishing device 3 has the plural light emitting/light receiving elements as an optical device disposed one-dimensionally, which correspond to the distinguishing positions 8A to 8G, and repeats the distinguishing operation with respect to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1.
  • the lattice-like plural distinguishing results 9 which are arranged two-dimensionally for the conveyor 1 are obtained.
  • the distinguishing device 3 may have an optical device which, for example, has plural light emitting/light receiving elements arranged two-dimensionally, and may collectively obtain many distinguishing results arranged two-dimensionally.
  • the calculation part 6 judges that the small piece 2A exists as a single lump on a figure which is formed by the distinguishing positions 8A to 8G.
  • the calculation part 6 analyzes an adjacency state of the plural distinguishing results 9, and judges that the plural distinguishing results 9, which correspond to the distinguishing positions on the same figure, are the distinguishing results that should be dealt with as distinguishing results with respect to the single small piece 2A.
  • the adjacency state of the plural distinguishing results 9 is analyzed by the calculation part 6, the adjacency state is analyzed by distinguishing whether the small piece exists or notat the distinguishing positions 8A to 8G without taking the constituent substance of the small piece into consideration.
  • calculation part 6 judges that the small piece 2A which should be blown off and be separated exists on the figure described above, the calculation part 6 performs quadrature and calculates the position of the center of gravity of the figure.
  • a solid line 10 which encloses plural distinguishing results 9 is created, the quadrature is performed for the figure which is formed by the solid line 10 and considered the shape of the small piece 2A, and the position of the center of gravity 11 of the figure is calculated.
  • the length of an air injection period may be adjusted according to the size of the small piece 2A.
  • the air may be jetted not only at the timing when the center of gravity 11 passes under the group of nozzles 5 but also continually or intermittently at least until the center of gravity 11 passes under the group of nozzles 5 from the upper stream side of the position of the group of nozzles 5.
  • the small piece 2A can be separated correctly from the small pieces 2B to 2D, because the air also hits a front side portion of the small piece 2A, which is away from the center of gravity 11 by a desired distance with respect to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1.
  • the optical device since the optical device is used in the distinguishing device 3, the erroneous decision due to the shape of the material, the surface condition of the material, and the like may occur.
  • the distinguishing results 9 which show that PS exists in the small piece 2B of PP are obtained. If the air is jetted according to such distinguishing results 9, the small piece 2B of PP may be separated.
  • Figs. 4(a), 4(b), 4(c) and 4(d) are the explanation views of the groups of distinguishing results obtained by the distinguishing device 3 of the separation apparatus, respectively, and Fig. 4(e) is the explanation view of the distinguishing application area shown in Fig. 4(d) .
  • the jetting of air may be determined whether the jetting of air is carried out or not, by simply ignoring the distinguishing results except the distinguishing result 9A being a large majority, or it may be determined whether the jetting of air is carried out, by using an evaluation function, based on a score which is given to each of the plural kinds of constituent substances.
  • p(A) is set smallish.
  • q(A) is an area ratio (%) about the constituent substance A
  • q(B) is an area ratio (%) about the constituent substance B.
  • q(A) is a numerical value which is obtained by dividing the number of the distinguishing result 9A, which correctly indicates the constituent substance A about a figure which is considered a shape of the small piece 2A, by the summation of the number of all the distinguishing results 9A, 9B and the like about the same figure.
  • a OK (A) is a predetermined constant about the constituent substance A, which shows the degree of promoting the blowing off of the small piece
  • ⁇ OK (B) is a predetermined constant about the constituent substance B, which shows the degree of promoting the blowing off of the small piece
  • ⁇ NG (A) is a predetermined constant about the constituent substance A, which shows the degree of suppressing the blowing off of the small piece
  • ⁇ NG (B) is a predetermined constant about the constituent substance B, which shows the degree of suppressing the blowing off of the small piece.
  • ⁇ OK (A) is set largish
  • ⁇ NG (A) is set largish
  • ⁇ NG (B) is set largish
  • ⁇ OK (B) is set largish.
  • the constituent substance A is recovered by carrying out the jetting of air
  • the constituent substance B is recovered by not carrying out the jetting of air.
  • the distinguishing application area 12 is an area which is constituted only by the below-mentioned distinguishing positions Pc, as shown in Fig. 4(e) . That is, when the data of four distinguishing results which indicate the existence of the small piece 2A is obtained at the four distinguishing positions Pu, Pd, Ps1 and Ps2, which exist around the distinguishing position Pc, the distinguishing application area 12 is set up. As shown in Fig.
  • the distinguishing position Pc is between the distinguishing positions Pu and Pd with reference to an arrow direction Y perpendicular to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1, and the distinguishing position Pc is between the distinguishing positions Ps1 and Ps2 with reference to an arrow direction X' parallel to the conveyance direction X of the conveyor 1.
  • the conveyor 1 is one example of a conveying unit useable with the present invention.
  • the distinguishing device 3 is one example of a distinguishing unit useable with the present invention.
  • the constitution which includes the group of nozzles 5 and the calculation part 6 is one example of a recovering unit useable with the present invention.
  • Each of the small pieces 2A to 2D is one example of separation targets useable with the present invention.
  • the air is one example of air or gas useable with the present invention.
  • a part of the function of the distinguishing device 3 may be carried out by the calculation part 6, and a part of the function of the calculation part 6 may be carried out by the distinguishing device 3.
  • the calculation part 6 may distinguish the shape, size and position of the small piece 2A by analyzing the adjacency state of the plural distinguishing results 9 in which the constituent substances of the small pieces 2A to 2D are the same rather than, as described above, by distinguishing whether the small piece exists or not at the distinguishing positions 8A to 8G without taking the constituent substance of the small piece into consideration, to analyze the adjacency state of the plural distinguishing results 9 (see Figs. 4(a) to 4(e) ).
  • the adjacency state of all the plural distinguishing results 9 may be analyzed first, while disregarding the constituent substances of the small pieces 2A to 2D, and after that, the constituent substances of the small pieces 2A to 2D may be analyzed.
  • the constituent substances of the small pieces 2A to 2D may be analyzed first, and after that, the adjacency state of the plural distinguishing results 9 may be analyzed for every constituent substance.
  • a separation method of the present invention with which it is possible to recover the separation target in higher separation precision, are useful for utilizing as a separation method, for example, for separating small pieces consisting of a specific constituent substance from a group of the small pieces in which plural small pieces obtained by crushing the used household electric appliances and the like are mixed.

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Claims (2)

  1. Procédé de séparation consistant à analyser des substances constitutives de cibles de séparation sur une unité de transport et à récupérer la cible de séparation comportant la substance constitutive prédéterminée en projetant un gaz sur le centre de gravité de la cible de séparation avec une buse, la cible de séparation étant éjectée de l'unité de transport et donc étant séparée des trajectoires des autres petites pièces, et
    le procédé de séparation
    étant caractérisé
    en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :
    la récupération de plusieurs points de distinction des cibles de séparation (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) sur une unité de transport (1) par l'intermédiaire d'une unité de distinction (3) qui comporte plusieurs points de distinction en réseau à une position prédéterminée pour l'unité de transport (1),
    la distinction opérée par le dispositif de distinction (3) de ce que les cibles de séparation (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) se trouvent ou non au niveau des différents points de distinction,
    l'analyse des substances constitutives des cibles de séparation (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) au niveau des différents points de distinction lorsque les cibles de séparation (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) s'y trouvent ; le calcul par le dispositif de distinction (3) du centre de gravité (11) de la cible de séparation (2A) comportant la substance constitutive (A) prédéterminée,
    la distinction opérée de ce que la cible de séparation se trouve en tant que masse lorsque la substance constitutive est détectée de façon continue au niveau des différents points de distinction,
    la distinction de la forme, de la taille et de la position des cibles de séparation (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) en analysant un état de proximité des points de distinction où se trouvent les cibles de séparation (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D), et
    la spécification de la cible de séparation (2A) comportant la substance constitutive (A) prédéterminée sur laquelle doit être projeté l'air ou du gaz, sur la base d'une note qui est donnée à chacun des différents types de substances constitutives (A, B) ; l'analyse des substances constitutives de la cible de séparation lorsque la cible de séparation se trouve en tant que masse, et
    dans un cas où l'on évalue que la masse est une masse unique dans laquelle ne se chevauchent pas différents types de substances constitutives : l'exécution du jet de gaz au moins sur le centre de gravité de la cible de séparation avec la buse (5) de sorte à réaliser la séparation, et
    dans un cas où l'on évalue que la masse est une masse unique dans laquelle se chevauchent différents types de substances constitutives :
    l'exécution du jet de gaz au moins sur le centre de gravité de la cible de séparation avec la buse (5) dans le cas où JOK ≥ JNG, et l'absence d'exécution du jet de gaz sur la cible de séparation avec la buse (5) dans le cas où JOK < JNG, en utilisant des fonctions d'évaluation fondées sur des notes données à l'avance aux différents types de substances constitutives, lesquelles sont exprimées par l'expression 1 et l'expression 2, l'expression 1 définissant le paramètre JOK comme une valeur de détermination qui indique le degré d'autorisation d'éjection et l'expression 2 définissant le paramètre JNG comme valeur de détermination qui indique le degré de refus d'éjection, grâce à quoi : J OK = p A q A α OK A + p B q B α OK B ,
    Figure imgb0011
     et J NG = p A q A α NG A + p B q B α NG B
    Figure imgb0012
    où p(A) est une constante indiquant la probabilité d'un résultat de distinction par rapport à une substance constitutive A,
    p(B) est une constante indiquant la probabilité d'un résultat de distinction par rapport à une substance constitutive B,
    q(A) est un rapport de surface (%) concernant la substance constitutive A,
    q(B) est un rapport de surface (%) concernant la substance constitutive B,
    αOK(A) est une constante prédéterminée concernant la substance constitutive A qui indique le degré de valorisation de l'éjection
    αOK(B) est une constante prédéterminée concernant la substance constitutive B qui indique le degré de valorisation de l'éjection
    αNG (A) est une constante prédéterminée concernant la substance constitutive A qui indique le degré de suppression de l'éjection
    αNG(B) est une constante prédéterminée concernant la substance constitutive B qui indique le degré de suppression de l'éjection.
  2. Procédé de séparation selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel le nombre de buses (5) est un nombre pluriel, et
    le gaz est projeté à partir des différentes buses vers la circonférence du centre de gravité (11) de la cible de séparation (2A) qui comporte la substance constitutive (A) prédéterminée tout comme le centre de gravité (11).
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JP2014233644A (ja) 2014-12-15
CN104209281B (zh) 2017-10-13
CN104209281A (zh) 2014-12-17
EP2808096A1 (fr) 2014-12-03
JP6098881B2 (ja) 2017-03-22

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