EP2835812B1 - Vakuumlampe, Schutzschalterpol, der eine solche Vakuumlampe umfasst, und Herstellungsverfahren dieser Vorrichtungen - Google Patents

Vakuumlampe, Schutzschalterpol, der eine solche Vakuumlampe umfasst, und Herstellungsverfahren dieser Vorrichtungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2835812B1
EP2835812B1 EP14180036.7A EP14180036A EP2835812B1 EP 2835812 B1 EP2835812 B1 EP 2835812B1 EP 14180036 A EP14180036 A EP 14180036A EP 2835812 B1 EP2835812 B1 EP 2835812B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
layer
vacuum
vacuum bulb
silicone
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EP14180036.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2835812A1 (de
Inventor
Delphine Chapelle
Mehrdad Hassanzadeh
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate
    • H01H9/346—Details concerning the arc formation chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
    • H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66269—Details relating to the materials used for screens in vacuum switches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49105—Switch making

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum interrupter which is intended to be used in an electric power cut-off device.
  • the present invention also relates to an electrical current cut-off device comprising at least one such vacuum interrupter, this device possibly being a circuit-breaker pole or a switch, this device operating, in particular, at medium voltage.
  • the present invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing such a vacuum bulb and to a method of manufacturing such a circuit breaker pole.
  • a vacuum interrupter is an element of an electric power cut-off device used in equipment and equipment operating especially at medium voltage, in particular between 1 and 75 kV.
  • a vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed chamber, two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other and, where appropriate, at least one metal shielding screen.
  • the sealed chamber of the vacuum interrupter comprises a cylindrical body closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the cylindrical body of the vacuum chamber is made of a dielectric material, formerly made of glass and today made of ceramic and, in particular, of alumina while the metal covers are conventionally made of copper or stainless steel.
  • the vacuum interrupter further comprises a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber to be electrically insulated.
  • This dielectric coating may consist of a so-called overmould layer, made of an electrically insulating synthetic material. This is commonly called an overmoulded vacuum bulb.
  • This dielectric synthetic material may be an elastomeric material, but also a polymer material of the thermosetting polymer or thermoplastic polymer type.
  • the overmolding layer is thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, it ensures the mechanical strength of the vacuum bulb during its operation, in addition to its electrical insulation.
  • the document EP 0 866 481 referenced [1] at the end of the present description, describes a vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum chamber coated with an overmolding layer made of epoxy polymer and a continuous intermediate layer interposed between the outer surface of the chamber and this overmoulding layer.
  • This intermediate layer is in the form of a tube and is put in place, by threading said tube whose diameter is maintained greater than the diameter. outside the cylindrical body, on the outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum bulb.
  • This intermediate layer is made of an elastic material which may be an elastomeric material of the ethylene-propylene copolymer (in English, ethylene-propylene monomer or EPM) or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer or EPDM).
  • This elastic material can also be a silicone rubber.
  • this continuous intermediate layer is not completely integrated or covered by the overmoulding layer, to allow it to expand under the effect of temperature increases of the vacuum bulb.
  • the vacuum bulb described in document [1] therefore has structural constraints which must be taken into account to allow expansion of the intermediate layer.
  • the associated manufacturing process is complicated to integrate one or the other of these structural constraints and this, for each structure of vacuum bulbs considered.
  • the overmold layer of epoxy polymer is then made such that the stretched silicone rubber sleeve is compressed by said overmould layer.
  • the compression of the sleeve is, however, limited by the presence of an opening in the chamber of the vacuum bulb which allows expansion of the sleeve.
  • this document [2] describes a process which is relatively heavy industrially speaking, fact of the need to implement a vacuum distributor for the establishment of this intermediate layer.
  • this intermediate layer is in the form of a sleeve of predetermined dimensions which must of course be adapted to the diameter of the chamber of vacuum bulbs intended to receive a coating as described in this document [2] .
  • Such constraints are, therefore, not compatible with streamlined production.
  • the compression of the overmoulding layer on the silicone rubber sleeve does not provide a sufficiently tight interface between these two layers. This is particularly detrimental in the case where the dielectric coating of the vacuum bottle is itself coated with an electrically conductive layer, called the shielding layer, allowing the grounding of the outside of the light bulb. empty.
  • the inventors have therefore set themselves the goal of designing a vacuum interrupter, in particular an overmolded vacuum bulb, comprising a dielectric coating and having improved thermomechanical and aging behavior. thus permitting prolonged use over time of this vacuum ampoule, the risks of cracking in the overmoulding layer, but also in the cylindrical body of the vacuum ampoule itself, with the risks of loss of vacuum being significantly reduced, even eliminated, under the effect of thermal variations.
  • the vacuum bottle must be able to be manufactured without it being necessary to resort to a more or less arbitrary limitation of the volume of silicone to be used for producing the intermediate layer relative to the total volume that could occupy this layer intermediary, or to make an opening in the chamber of the vacuum interrupter, which constitutes a real industrial and technical constraint and which, in the case where an opening is made, is also not satisfactory with regard to the risk of contamination by the external environment of the vacuum bulb as mentioned above.
  • the injection molding step of a liquid silicone elastomer which requires the implementation of high pressures to obtain the optimum characteristics of the silicone used, can not be carried out on any type of chamber of vacuum bulbs. . This is particularly the case when the said chamber contains covers of a soft metallic material (copper type) and of large surface area which are deformed during this high-pressure injection stage.
  • the inventors have also set themselves the goal of designing a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter, in particular an overmoulded vacuum lamp, which can be used on any type of vacuum interrupter, whatever the shape, dimensions and material of some of its constituent elements such as the chamber and, in particular, the shape, dimensions and material of the metal covers of said chamber.
  • a vacuum interrupter of the aforementioned type which comprises a sealed chamber and two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other, said chamber comprising a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts, said vacuum bottle further comprising a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber, said coating comprising at least two layers, the first layer called overmolding layer being made of a synthetic material, and a second layer called intermediate layer being made of silicone, said intermediate layer being interposed between the outer surface of the chamber and the overmolding layer.
  • the intermediate layer is discontinuous and localized on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts, in this case the outer surface of the metal covers, including the edge, or interface zone, between the metal parts and the dielectric material of the cylindrical body, the silicone of the intermediate layer comprising hollow bodies, these hollow bodies being compressible and having an envelope made of a thermoplastic material.
  • the hollow bodies present in the silicone of the intermediate layer are compressed to counter the effects caused by the expansion.
  • thermal action occurring in the intermediate layer when the latter is trapped in an enclosed space, under the effect of temperature increases of the components of the vacuum bulb and, in particular, the intermediate layer.
  • the intermediate layer is located on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts.
  • this intermediate layer is located on these metal parts so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said metal parts.
  • the location of the intermediate layer so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from the metal parts, or even the entirety of the external surface of these metal parts of the sealed chamber of the light bulb.
  • the effect of the vacuum is that these metal parts are no longer in direct contact with the overmoulding layer. Consequently, these locations of the intermediate layer limit or even prevent the formation of cracks in this overmoulding layer during temperature variations occurring in the vacuum bulb.
  • the hollow bodies present in the silicone of the intermediate layer absorb this expansion and therefore, this thermomechanical stress, effectively limiting its impact on the overmoulding layer and on the cylindrical body of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention.
  • the sizing of the discontinuous intermediate layer located on the metal parts of the chamber can of course be adapted according to the structural characteristics of the vacuum interrupter and the various elements that compose it, so that it does not occur. form any crack, either in the overmoulding layer or in the cylindrical body of the chamber, nor any tear in said intermediate layer.
  • the intermediate layer covers a portion of the outer surface of the cylindrical body of the chamber in addition to covering the outer surface of the metal parts at least at their edge in junction with the dielectric material.
  • Such a discontinuous intermediate layer also makes it possible to limit the manufacturing costs of a vacuum interrupter since the particular silicone used for the production of this intermediate layer can only be located on the outer surface of the parts. the parts which are responsible for the formation of cracks in the overmoulding layer, in particular when these metallic parts of the chamber have protruding parts, ie elements making protruding from these metal parts.
  • the intermediate layer also covers a portion of the outer surface of the sealed chamber, and in particular a portion of the outer surface of the cylindrical body located in the continuity of the outer surface of these metal elements, but without covering the entire outer surface of the sealed chamber, for obvious reasons of cost.
  • the hollow bodies are microspheres which have, for example, a mean diameter of between 1 ⁇ m and 800 ⁇ m, advantageously between 10 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m.
  • thermoplastic material of the shell of the hollow bodies is chosen so that it allows to imprison gas bubbles.
  • Such hollow bodies, or microspheres are in particular available from AkzoNobel under the trade name Expancel ® DE. It may in particular implement the commercial reference ® microspheres Expancel 920 DET 40 d25.
  • a compressible silicone from several available is especially sold by the company Wacker under the tradename Elastosil ® RT 713.
  • the interface between the dielectric coating and the outer surface of the chamber is sealed. There is, therefore, no free space between the outer surface of the chamber and the intermediate layer, between the intermediate layer and the overmold layer and between the outer surface of the chamber which, not being contact with the intermittent interlayer, the is with the over-molding layer.
  • Such an interface is obtained in particular with excellent adhesion between the dielectric coating and the outer surface of the chamber, which results in the absence of residual spaces between the coating and the outer surface may contain air.
  • Such a sealed interface contributes to strengthening the thermomechanical behavior of the vacuum bottle according to the invention.
  • the vacuum bulb comprises a sealed chamber and two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other.
  • the sealed chamber of the vacuum bulb in which a low pressure reigns, comprises a cylindrical body of material dielectric and two metal covers that close the cylindrical body at its ends.
  • the connections between the metal covers and the cylindrical body are advantageously made by welding or brazing.
  • Each of the chamber covers is connected to one of the electrical contacts mentioned above.
  • one of the two electrical contacts is fixed while the other is mobile.
  • the mobility of this electrical contact is provided by a metal bellows which also seals the sealed chamber.
  • the vacuum bulb may further comprise at least one metal shield disposed within the sealed chamber and attached to this chamber.
  • This screen has the main role of protecting the internal surface of the cylindrical body of liquid metal vapors and metal projections generated by the arc produced between the two electrical contacts during the power failure.
  • This screen can be mechanically and electrically fixed to the metal cover to which the fixed electrical contact is connected.
  • This screen can also be mechanically fixed at an intermediate point of the cylindrical body, without electrical connection with one or the other of the metal covers.
  • the cylindrical body comprises at least a first and a second part and the metal protective screen is fixed to the chamber by fastening means interposed between these first and second parts.
  • These fixing means may be formed by a shoulder of revolution formed on said metal shield, for example by machining or stamping. These fixing means may also be formed by a cylindrical metal part, such as a circular ring, this part being brazed or welded to the first and second parts of the cylindrical body.
  • a cylindrical metal part such as a circular ring, this part being brazed or welded to the first and second parts of the cylindrical body.
  • the intermediate layer of the coating is further located on said means fastening so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said fastening means.
  • the cylindrical body of the chamber of the vacuum bulb is made of a dielectric material.
  • This dielectric material is advantageously ceramic and, in particular, alumina, this material can be enamelled.
  • the metal lids of the chamber of the vacuum bulb may in particular be made of copper or stainless steel.
  • These covers may be shaped to have a smooth outer surface with blunt or rounded corners towards the outer surface of the chamber.
  • covers may also include one or more elements protruding from these covers, such as shoulders, more or less protruding towards the outer surface of the chamber, such shoulders being generally considered to constitute edges or areas of weakness to the origin of cracking in the over-molding layer.
  • the intermediate layer of the dielectric coating being located on the metal parts of the chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts and in particular of these metal covers, preferably at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts and, preferably, at least the entirety of this outer surface of these metal parts, these projections or shoulders do not generate any risk of additional cracking. It is therefore not necessary to provide, in the structure of the vacuum interrupter according to the invention, the addition of nested protective covers on the metal covers and protecting their junction zone with the cylindrical body, as described in the document WO 2009/106731 , referenced [6] .
  • the overmolding layer of the coating of the vacuum bottle according to the invention is in turn thermosetting polymer, preferably epoxy polymer.
  • the vacuum bulb may further comprise a shielding layer disposed on the dielectric coating.
  • This shielding layer which allows the grounding of the outside of the vacuum bottle, is a layer made of an electrically conductive material according to known methods and devices.
  • the invention relates, secondly, a device for breaking the medium voltage electrical current.
  • this electric power cut-off device comprises at least one vacuum bulb as defined above, and in particular an overmolded vacuum bulb, its advantageous characteristics being able to be taken alone or in combination.
  • the bulb is connected, via its two electrical contacts, to the electrical connections of said electric power cut-off device.
  • This electric power cut-off device can in particular be a circuit breaker pole, or a switch, medium voltage.
  • the invention relates to a circuit breaker pole comprising an assembly formed of a vacuum interrupter as defined above, and in particular an overmolded vacuum lamp, its advantageous characteristics being able to be taken alone or in combination and two electrically conductive connections, said assembly being coated by the overmoulding layer and, if appropriate, by the shielding layer.
  • the invention relates, fourthly, to a method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb as defined above and whose advantageous characteristics can be taken alone or in combination.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter comprising a sealed chamber, two movable electrical contacts relatively to each other and possibly at least one metal shielding screen arranged inside the chamber and fixed thereto, said chamber comprising a cylindrical body made of a dielectric material closed at its ends by two metal covers, each of these covers being connected to one of the electrical contacts, said bulb to vacuum further comprising a dielectric coating which covers the outer surface of the chamber.
  • the silicone elastomer composition further comprises a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking of step (b) being obtained by hot vulcanization, by heating said composition of silicone elastomer.
  • the crosslinking of step (b) is obtained by cold vulcanization, by contacting the silicone elastomer composition with a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
  • the method according to the invention does not implement a molding step by injecting a liquid silicone elastomer to produce the silicone intermediate layer.
  • the embodiment of the intermediate layer does not involve the application of high pressures, detrimental to certain configurations of metal covers of the chamber of the vacuum bottle, the method according to the invention can be envisaged for the manufacture of any type of Vacuum bulb, regardless of the shape, dimensions and / or the metal of the lids of the sealed chamber of this vacuum bulb.
  • the deposition of the silicone elastomer composition may, for example, be done by means of a gun.
  • This deposit is further located on the metal parts of the sealed chamber so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts.
  • This deposit is advantageously located so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of the elements protruding from these metal parts and, preferably, so as to cover at least the entirety of the outer surface of said metal parts.
  • the amount of the silicone elastomer composition is therefore necessarily reduced with respect to the amount necessary for producing a continuous interlayer in the present method of manufacturing a vacuum bulb.
  • step (a) There is nothing to preclude considering, after step (a) and before step (b), the application of a layer of primer on the outer surface of the chamber of the vacuum interrupter. to improve, if necessary, the adhesion of the intermediate layer and / or the overmoulding layer to this external surface.
  • the method of manufacturing a vacuum interrupter according to the invention furthermore comprises, during step (a), the installation of at least one protective metal screen in the chamber, this screen being attached thereto by fixing means, the step (b) further comprising depositing said silicone elastomer composition on the fastening means, preferably so as to cover at least the entire surface external of said fixing means.
  • the invention relates to a method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole as described above, this circuit breaker pole comprising an assembly formed of a vacuum interrupter as defined above and of which the advantageous characteristics can be taken alone or in combination, and two electrically conductive connections, said assembly being coated by the overmoulding layer.
  • the silicone elastomer composition comprises in addition, a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking of step (b) being obtained by hot vulcanization, by heating said silicone elastomer composition.
  • the crosslinking of step (b) is obtained by cold vulcanization, by contacting the silicone elastomer composition with a crosslinking agent at ambient temperature, if necessary, in the presence of a catalyst.
  • step (b) is advantageously located so as to cover at least the entirety of the external surface of the elements projecting from these metal parts and, preferably, so as to cover at least the entire outer surface of said metal parts.
  • the method of manufacturing a circuit breaker pole according to the invention makes it possible to manufacture a circuit breaker pole whose structural constraints imposed by its final form are taken into account.
  • the embodiment of the overmolding layer last, after assembly of the various constituent elements of the circuit breaker pole among which the overmolded vacuum bulb characterized by its particular intermediate layer, discontinuous and localized in a silicone comprising compressible hollow bodies such as that defined above, allows to meet the thermomechanical constraints generated by the manufacture of the breaker pole and those generated by its use, particularly when subjected to significant thermal stresses.
  • the method of manufacturing a breaker pole according to the invention further comprises, during step (a), the installation of at least one metal shielding screen in the chamber, this screen being fixed thereto by fixing means, the step (b) further comprising depositing said silicone elastomer composition on the fastening means, preferably covering at least the entirety of the outer surface of said fastening means.
  • circuit breaker poles one of which includes a vacuum bulb according to the invention.
  • This detailed description also refers to a method of manufacturing an overmoulded vacuum bulb according to the invention.
  • this description includes an evaluation of the resistance to cracking and the dielectric strength of three overmolded vacuum bulbs, including one according to the invention, before and after thermal stresses.
  • This circuit breaker pole 1 is formed by assembling a vacuum bulb 2 and two electrically conductive connections, a lower connection 3 and an upper connection 3 '.
  • the vacuum bottle 2 comprises a sealed chamber 4 in which there is preferably a controlled low pressure of air or other dielectric fluid, also called "vacuum".
  • the sealed chamber 4 comprises a cylindrical body 5, formed by two parts 5a and 5b made of a dielectric material, preferably ceramic, in particular alumina, the ceramic possibly being enamelled. This material of the cylindrical body 5 could also be glass.
  • the cylindrical body 5 is closed at its ends by metal covers 6, 6 'which are sealingly secured to the cylindrical body 5, for example by brazing or welding.
  • the metal covers 6, 6 ' may have projecting edges 6a, 6'a extending from their respective outer surfaces.
  • the chamber 4 further comprises two electrical contacts 7, 7 'movable relative to each other and along the axis of the vacuum bulb 1.
  • the electrical contact 7' is fixed and secured. 6 'of the metal cover while the electrical contact 7 is axially movable and connected to the metal cover 6.
  • a sealing bellows 8 is arranged .
  • the sealed chamber 4 further comprises a protective metal screen 9 disposed inside the sealed chamber 4 and fixed thereto, the function of which is to protect the cylindrical body 5 from liquid metal vapors and metal projections from the arc phase produced between the electrical contacts 7, 7 'during the breaking of the electric current.
  • the protective metal screen 9 is supported by a circular ring 10 fixed, for example by brazing, between the parts 5a and 5b of the cylindrical body 5.
  • the circuit breaker pole 1 is coated with a dielectric coating 12 comprising two layers, an intermediate layer 13 and a layer of overmolding 14 of a synthetic material.
  • the overmolding layer 14 is disposed on the intermediate layer 13, so that there is no free space between this intermediate layer 13 and this overmolding layer 14. It is said that the interface between the dielectric coating 12 and the outer surface of the chamber 4 is sealed.
  • the intermediate layer 13 is a discontinuous layer and located on the metal parts of the sealed chamber 4 so as to cover at least partially the outer surface of these metal parts.
  • at least the protruding parts of the metal parts are completely covered, as well as the edges of said metal parts junction with the dielectric material of the cylindrical body 5.
  • the intermediate layer 13 at least partially covers the outer surface of the metal parts 6, 6 'and 10.
  • the intermediate layer 13 is located on the outer surface of the metal covers 6, 6' and on the outer surface of the circular ring 10 of the protective metal screen 9, that is to say at the surfaces or areas of the overmolding layer 14 which are sensitive to cracking.
  • this intermediate layer 13 is made of a particular silicone. Indeed, this silicone comprises hollow bodies which are compressible and which comprise an envelope made of a thermoplastic material.
  • the dielectric coating 12 may itself be covered by an electrically conductive, so-called shielding layer (not shown).
  • Such a vacuum interrupter comprises a sealed chamber, two electrical contacts and a protective metal screen but is devoid of dielectric coating.
  • the sealed chamber of this vacuum bulb is formed of a cylindrical body comprising two ceramic parts and closed by two metal covers having projecting edges.
  • the sealed chamber further comprises a cylindrical metal ring secured to the two ceramic parts, this ring constituting the support of the protective metal screen.
  • the outer surface of the particles is deposited on the outside surface.
  • metal covers of the chamber and on the outer surface of the cylindrical metal ring constituting the support of the protective metal screen cords or strips of a so-called "high compressibility" silicone elastomer and marketed by Wacker under the commercial designation Elastosil ® RT 713.
  • This deposit is made in such a way that the entire outer surface of the metal covers as well as the entire outer surface of the cylindrical metal ring are covered by the silicone elastomer.
  • These silicone cords are in the form of truncated torus whose radius is greater than or equal to 3 mm.
  • Such a deposit on the metal surfaces of the sealed chamber makes it possible to cover all the zones or metal parts of the outer surface of this sealed chamber and, in so doing, to cover any protruding edges of the metal covers as well as the "triple point" ceramic, the triple point corresponding to the junction zone between the two ceramic parts of the cylindrical body and the cylindrical metal ring.
  • the metal parts are only partially covered by the intermediate layer.
  • the zones or metal parts having no projecting angle do not need to be imperatively coated.
  • the deposit can be made in such a way that the zones or portions of the outer surface of the cylindrical body, which abut these metal surfaces formed by the metal covers and the metal cylindrical ring, are also covered by this silicone elastomer. Even if the case is however, there is no interest in depositing a continuous intermediate layer on the entire outer surface of the cylindrical body, especially for economic reasons.
  • the vacuum bottle coated with the silicone elastomer beads is then cleaned again, for example by means of isopropanol, in order to remove the foreign bodies and thus to improve the subsequent adhesion of the overmolding layer. It is then deposited in an oven at a temperature between 160 ° C and 170 ° for 2 hours, to allow crosslinking of the silicone elastomer.
  • the vacuum bottle coated with cords or strips of silicone is placed in a mold which is then closed and whose temperature is increased and maintained at 150 ° C throughout the molding cycle; the dimensions of the mold are such that the filling of the space remaining between the vacuum bottle and the mold with the chosen material makes it possible to obtain a compact overmolding layer of desired thickness.
  • Injection molding is then carried out, preferably by means of the automatic pressure gelling process, to form the overmolding layer.
  • a mixture comprising epoxy monomers, a hardener and a mineral filler is injected, under an injection pressure of between 1 bar and 1.5 bar, a mixture which is marketed by Huntsman under the name commercial Araldite ® CY 225 / HY 225 (hardener) / silica flour, and wherein these compounds are in respective weight proportions of 100/80/270.
  • a so-called "gelling" pressure of 6 bar maximum is then applied during a cycle time of 22 min, before opening of the mold and extraction of the vacuum bottle.
  • the post-baking of the overmolded vacuum bulb comprising the chamber, the electrical contacts and the dielectric coating formed of the intermediate layer and the overmoulding layer is provided by heating the mold at 145 ° C for 220 min, then at 130 ° C for 44 min and finally at 80 ° C for 44 min.
  • vacuum bulbs have two metal lids, on which were successively deposited a discontinuous intermediate layer and localized according to the characteristics of the invention and then the same layer of overmolding epoxy polymer. If for these three vacuum bulbs, the overmolding layer is identical both in composition and thickness, the intermediate layer of the same thickness has, for its part, been made from three different silicones.
  • the materials used for producing the intermediate layers and overmolding are as follows:
  • Temperatures (T) as a function of time (t) applied at the rate of 2 ° C per minute are given in Tables 1 and 2 below and illustrated in Figures 2 and 3 , respectively, the ambient temperature (Tamb) being further specified in these figures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Vakuumröhre (1) mit einer abgedichteten Kammer (4) und zwei elektrischen Kontaktstücken (7, 7'), die zueinander beweglich sind, wobei die Kammer (4) einen zylindrischen Körper (5) aus einem dielektrischen Material aufweist, der an seinen Enden von zwei metallischen Abdeckungen (6, 6') verschlossen ist, wobei jede der Abdeckungen (6, 6') mit einem der elektrischen Kontaktstücke (7, 7') verbunden ist, wobei die Vakuumröhre (1) ferner eine dielektrische Umhüllung (12) aufweist, welche die Außenfläche der Kammer (4) umhüllt, wobei diese Umhüllung (12) zumindest zwei Schichten aufweist, wobei die erste Schicht, Anformschicht (14) genannt, aus einem synthetischen Material hergestellt ist und die zweite Schicht, Zwischenschicht (13) genannt, aus Silikon hergestellt ist, wobei die Zwischenschicht (13) zwischen der Außenfläche der Kammer (4) und der Anformschicht (14) eingefügt ist, wobei die Zwischenschicht (13) nicht durchgehend ist und sich auf den metallischen Teilen der Kammer (4) befindet, so dass sie zumindest teilweise die Außenfläche dieser metallischen Teile (6, 6') bedeckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Silikon der Zwischenschicht (13) Hohlkörper aufweist, wobei diese Hohlkörper komprimierbar sind und eine Hülle aus einem thermoplastischen Material haben.
  2. Vakuumröhre (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Hohlkörper Mikrokügelchen mit einem mittleren Durchmesser zwischen 1 µm und 800 µm, vorteilhaft zwischen 10 µm und 80 µm, sind.
  3. Vakuumröhre (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Schnittstelle zwischen der dielektrischen Umhüllung (12) und der Außenfläche der Kammer (4) abgedichtet ist.
  4. Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, ferner enthaltend zumindest einen metallischen Schutzschirm (9), der innerhalb der Kammer (4) angeordnet und an dieser befestigt ist.
  5. Vakuumröhre (1) nach Anspruch 4, wobei der zylindrische Körper (5) zumindest einen ersten und einen zweiten Abschnitt (5a, 5b) aufweist und der metallische Schutzschirm (9) über Befestigungseinrichtungen (10) an der Kammer (4) befestigt ist, die zwischen diesem ersten und diesem zweiten Abschnitt (5a, 5b) eingesetzt sind, wobei sich die Zwischenschicht (13) ferner auf den Befestigungseinrichtungen (10) befindet, so dass sie zumindest die gesamte Außenfläche der Befestigungseinrichtungen (10) bedeckt.
  6. Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der zylindrische Körper (5) aus Keramik, vorteilhaft aus Tonerde, die gegebenenfalls emailliert ist, besteht.
  7. Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Anformschicht (14) aus wärmehärtbarem Polymer, vorzugsweise aus Epoxidpolymer, besteht.
  8. Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, ferner enthaltend eine Abschirmschicht, die an der dielektrischen Umhüllung (12) angeordnet ist.
  9. Elektrische Mittelspannungs-Schaltvorrichtung, enthaltend zumindest eine Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.
  10. Schalterpol eines Leistungsschalters mit einer Anordnung, die aus einer Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 und aus zwei elektrisch leitenden Verbindungen gebildet ist, wobei die Anordnung mit der Anformschicht und gegebenenfalls mit der Abschirmschicht überzogen ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vakuumröhre (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, umfassend die nachstehenden, aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte:
    (a) Montieren der abgedichteten Kammer (4) und der beiden elektrischen Kontaktstücke (7, 7'),
    (b) nicht durchgehendes Aufbringen einer Silikonelastomerzusammensetzung mit Hohlkörpern auf die metallischen Teile der Kammer (4), so dass zumindest teilweise die Außenfläche dieser metallischen Teile bedeckt wird, wobei diese Hohlkörper komprimierbar sind und eine Hülle aus einem thermoplastischen Material aufweisen, dann Vernetzen dieser Zusammensetzung derart, dass auf der Außenfläche der Kammer (4) die Zwischenschicht aus Silikon gebildet wird,
    (c) Spritzgießen des synthetischen Materials insbesondere durch ein automatisches Druckgelierverfahren, wobei das synthetische Material ein Epoxidpolymer ist, so dass die Anformschicht (14) gebildet wird, wobei die Zwischenschicht (13) und die Anformschicht (14) die dielektrische Umhüllung (12) der Vakuumröhre (1) bilden.
  12. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schalterpols eines Leistungsschalters nach Anspruch 10, umfassend die nachstehenden, aufeinanderfolgenden Schritte:
    (a) Montieren der Vakuumröhre (1), welche die abgedichtete Kammer (4) und die beiden elektrischen Kontaktstücke (7, 7') enthält,
    (b) nicht durchgehendes Aufbringen einer Silikonelastomerzusammensetzung mit Hohlkörpern auf die metallischen Teile der Kammer (4), so dass zumindest teilweise die Außenfläche dieser metallischen Teile bedeckt wird, wobei diese Hohlkörper komprimierbar sind und eine Hülle aus einem thermoplastischen Material aufweisen, dann Vernetzen dieser Zusammensetzung derart, dass auf der Außenfläche der Kammer (4) die Zwischenschicht aus Silikon gebildet wird,
    (c) Spritzgießen des synthetischen Materials auf die Außenfläche der Anordnung und der beiden elektrisch leitenden Verbindungen insbesondere durch ein automatisches Druckgelierverfahren, wobei das synthetische Material ein Epoxidpolymer ist, so dass die Anformschicht gebildet wird, wobei das Verfahren ferner einen Schritt des Montierens der Vakuumröhre (1) und der beiden elektrisch leitenden Verbindungen umfasst, wobei dieser Schritt
    - entweder in Schritt (a)
    - oder zwischen Schritt (b) und (c)
    erfolgt.
  13. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vakuumröhre (1) nach Anspruch 11 oder eines Schalterpols eines Leistungsschalters nach Anspruch 12, ferner umfassend in Schritt (a) das Einsetzen zumindest eines metallischen Schutzschirms (9) in die Kammer (4), der über Befestigungseinrichtungen (10) befestigt wird, wobei der Schritt (b) ferner das Aufbringen der Silikonelastomerzusammensetzung auf die Befestigungseinrichtungen (10) umfasst.
  14. Herstellungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei die Silikonelastomerzusammensetzung ferner ein Vernetzungsmittel aufweist, wobei die Vernetzung in Schritt (b) durch Heißvulkanisation der Silikonelastomerzusammensetzung durch Erhitzen erhalten wird.
EP14180036.7A 2013-08-09 2014-08-06 Vakuumlampe, Schutzschalterpol, der eine solche Vakuumlampe umfasst, und Herstellungsverfahren dieser Vorrichtungen Active EP2835812B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1357942A FR3009643B1 (fr) 2013-08-09 2013-08-09 Ampoule a vide, pole de disjoncteur comprenant une telle ampoule a vide et procedes de fabrication de tels dispositifs

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EP2835812A1 (de) 2015-02-11
FR3009643B1 (fr) 2015-08-07
FR3009643A1 (fr) 2015-02-13
RU2014132843A (ru) 2016-02-27
CN104347308A (zh) 2015-02-11
US20150041437A1 (en) 2015-02-12
CN104347308B (zh) 2019-07-09
US9633802B2 (en) 2017-04-25
BR102014019184B1 (pt) 2021-09-21
RU2645299C2 (ru) 2018-02-20
BR102014019184A2 (pt) 2015-09-29

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