EP2840331B1 - Procédé de détection de stagnation et suppression de stagnation dans des caloporteurs - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de stagnation et suppression de stagnation dans des caloporteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2840331B1
EP2840331B1 EP14179617.7A EP14179617A EP2840331B1 EP 2840331 B1 EP2840331 B1 EP 2840331B1 EP 14179617 A EP14179617 A EP 14179617A EP 2840331 B1 EP2840331 B1 EP 2840331B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
burner
threshold value
heated
boiling
Prior art date
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EP14179617.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2840331A1 (fr
Inventor
Jochen Wriske
Christian Fischer
Andreas Ruf
Andreas Hübert
René Fahr
Adrien Roger
Christophe Couraud
Miroslav Petrovic
Catherine Blanchet
Sylvail Benoit
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/215—Temperature of the water before heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/219—Temperature of the water after heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/242—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/335—Control of pumps, e.g. on-off control
    • F24H15/34—Control of the speed of pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/36—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/305—Control of valves
    • F24H15/325—Control of valves of by-pass valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting and avoiding stagnation in heat exchangers, in particular in primary heat exchangers in heaters, in particular in condensing heaters, which transfer the heat of the fuel to the water to be heated and in which a Flow is carried out by several parallel connected pipes.
  • Stagnation in the context of heat exchangers is understood to mean a local or global boiling of the heat transfer medium. This can lead to partial overheating and damage to the heat exchanger in one or more of the parallel connected tubes. Therefore, it is important to avoid stagnation and, in the event that it occurs, to recognize reliably in order to be able to initiate countermeasures in good time. While it is known that a heat exchanger with a large volume of heat transfer medium is less prone to stagnation, this is in conflict with the desire to make heaters compact and light in weight.
  • a method according to the preamble of claim 1 or the preamble of claim 4 is known from document JPS 58 140 555 known.
  • a characteristic process variable is detected for the occurrence of micro-boiling, which precedes the boiling effecting the stagnation, and is compared with a threshold value. If the threshold is exceeded, a threat of boiling and thus stagnation is detected and at least one operating parameter is changed so that the stagnation is counteracted.
  • the variance of the pressure of the heat transfer medium to be heated is detected and compared with a threshold value.
  • This process step takes advantage of the fact that boiling is preceded by so-called micro-boiling, in which small gas bubbles are formed in the region of the boundary layer of the flow, and after a short time collapse again in colder regions. This mechanism leads to an increase of the noise value on the pressure signal of the system pressure sensor.
  • the variance about the mean value is determined in each case over time segments, for example over 1 s. If the variance exceeds a threshold, for example 3000 mbar 2 , microsilking is diagnosed. To avoid a false alarm, for example, in the case of diagnosed microsolvency, a counter may be incremented, for example, by 10, the counter for undiagnosed microsilking is decremented by the same or a smaller value, for example by 5. If the counter exceeds a predetermined counter reading, for example 250, then this is an indication that repeated microsyring has occurred over a relatively long period of time.
  • a threshold for example 3000 mbar 2
  • a counter may be incremented, for example, by 10, the counter for undiagnosed microsilking is decremented by the same or a smaller value, for example by 5. If the counter exceeds a predetermined counter reading, for example 250, then this is an indication that repeated microsyring has occurred over a relatively long period of time.
  • the micro-boiling is detected.
  • frequencies above 20 Hz or preferably above 100 Hz can be detected.
  • the signal power or the signal level of the high-frequency component is compared with a threshold value.
  • the ratio to the quasi-static fraction is formed and compared with a threshold value.
  • the characteristic process variable is the negative gradient of the temperature spread between input and output for the heat transfer medium of the heat carrier to be heated.
  • this is done in quasi-stationary operation.
  • the design makes use of the fact that, when stagnation occurs, the heat transfer to the heat transfer medium is impaired, since no or a significantly reduced circulation occurs in one or more of the pipes connected in parallel. With regard to the total volume flow at the distribution or mixing points in the heat exchanger, this leads to a lower temperature spread, which according to the invention is detected and compared with a threshold value.
  • Another effect is that under quasi-stationary operating conditions, ie with a constant burner load and constant water circulation, the stagnation with several pipes connected in parallel leads to an increase in the volume flow of the pipes not affected by the boiling. This means that the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger drops in the remaining pipes. If the negative gradient exceeds the temperature spread the threshold value, either the stagnation is recognized and a measure is initiated or another operating parameter is used.
  • the embodiment described above is also suitable for detecting local boiling.
  • the mass flow of the heat transfer medium to be heated is briefly increased before starting the burner of the heater.
  • any gas bubbles present in the water cycle are expelled from the heat exchanger and, by means of the turbulent flow conditions present in the pump, are broken up into smaller bubbles which, due to the lower buoyancy forces, have a markedly reduced tendency to stagnate.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a heater for performing the method according to the invention.
  • the heater 1 comprises a burner 3 with a heat exchanger 2, with which the obtained by the burner 3 heat is transferred to a heat transfer medium.
  • the heat transfer medium is usually water, which is circulated in a circuit by a pump 4.
  • the heater 1 is connected to a heat sink 5 which is supplied with heat by the heater 1.
  • a control device 11 is provided, which is connected to temperature sensors 6, 7 and / or a pressure sensor 8.
  • control unit recognizes on the basis of the method according to the invention the entering or announcing stagnation and avoids the occurrence of stagnation by intervention in the rotational speed of the pump 4, in the operation of the burner 3 and / or in the position of the valve. 9 ,
  • FIG. 2 shows in the course of temperature 20, the time course of the temperatures 21, 22 at the output and input of the heat exchanger 2 from FIG. 1 , which was recorded with the temperature sensors 6 and 7, and in the pressure curve 30, the time course of the with the pressure sensor 8 from FIG. 1 measured system pressure 32, the variance 33 and the measured directly at the heat exchanger 2 pressure 31st
  • the course of the pressure 31 at the heat exchanger 2 has at 478 s an onset of high-frequency content. This weakens at 480 s, then rises sharply at 498 s. This is due to the onset of 478 s microsilusion, which then boils at 498 s.
  • the pressure fluctuations are due to the formation and in particular to the collapse of vapor bubbles.
  • the course of the system pressure 32 has these high-frequency components also, but in a lower amplitude. This is due to the fact that the pressure sensor 8 is provided for the system pressure at a certain distance from the heat exchanger.
  • micro-boiling and boiling can be clearly recognized.
  • this threshold can be set so that the micro-boiling is already detected.
  • the course of the pressure can be used as a further criterion. In any case, when a higher threshold is exceeded, the boiling, as occurs in the range from 498 s, and thus the stagnation certainly recognizable.
  • the temperature profile 22 at the entrance of the heat exchanger 2 is almost constant, can be seen from the temperature profile 21 at the output of the heat exchanger microsolutions and boiling.
  • the gradient between the temperatures at the output side of the heat exchanger and the input side is negative. This is monitored by comparing the negative gradient in quasi-steady state operation with a threshold and using it to detect stagnation.
  • the sudden temperature increase at 500 s is due to a vapor bubble formation, through which the heated water is pushed out. In principle, it is also possible to evaluate such curves for detecting the stagnation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé de détection et d'empêchement d'ébullitions dans des caloporteurs primaires (2) dans des appareils chauffants (1), en particulier des appareils chauffants à valeur calorifique, comprenant un brûleur (3) avec le caloporteur (2) avec lequel la chaleur obtenue par le brûleur (3) est transmise à un fluide caloporteur qui circule dans un circuit par une pompe (4), dans lequel la microébullition précédant l'ébullition est détectée, dans lequel une ou plusieurs grandeurs de processus (21, 22, 32, 33) caractérisant la microébullition sont détectées et comparées avec une valeur seuil et qu'en cas de dépassement de la valeur seuil au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement est modifié, lequel agit contre une ébullition, caractérisé en ce que la grandeur de processus caractérisante est la variance (33) de la pression (32, 31) du fluide caloporteur à chauffer.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la variance (33) de la pression (32, 31) est mesurée respectivement sur de courtes périodes, en cas de dépassement de la valeur seuil un compteur est augmenté d'une valeur et en cas de non-atteinte de la valeur seuil un compteur est réduit d'une seconde valeur, dans lequel la seconde valeur est de préférence inférieure à la première valeur, et dans lequel au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement est modifié dès que l'état du compteur a dépassé une seconde valeur de seuil.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une autre grandeur de processus caractérisante est le gradient négatif de l'écart de température entre l'entrée et la sortie (22, 21) pour le fluide caloporteur à chauffer du caloporteur (2) en cas de sollicitation de brûleur constante et circulation de fluide caloporteur constante.
  4. Procédé de détection et d'empêchement d'ébullitions dans un ou plusieurs tubes d'un caloporteur primaire (2) comprenant plusieurs tubes montés en parallèle dans des appareils chauffants (1), en particulier des appareils chauffants à valeur calorifique, comprenant un brûleur (3) avec le caloporteur (2) avec lequel la chaleur obtenue par le brûleur (3) est transmise à un fluide caloporteur qui circule dans un circuit par une pompe (4), caractérisé en ce qu'une grandeur de processus (21, 22) caractérisant l'ébullition est détectée et comparée avec une valeur seuil et qu'en cas de dépassement de la valeur seuil au moins un paramètre de fonctionnement est modifié, lequel agit contre une ébullition, et que la grandeur de processus caractérisante est le gradient négatif de l'écart de température entre l'entrée et la sortie (22, 21) pour le fluide caloporteur à chauffer du caloporteur (1) en cas de sollicitation de brûleur constante et circulation de fluide caloporteur constante.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la valeur seuil pour le gradient négatif de l'écart de température est 0,05 K/s, de préférence 0,1 K/s.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel la valeur seuil pour le gradient négatif de l'écart de température est inférieure de préférence à 63 % de l'écart de température dans le cas stationnaire divisé par le nombre des tubes montés en parallèle du caloporteur primaire (2).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, dans lequel la moyenne du gradient est calculée sur une période d'au moins 5 secondes, de préférence d'au moins 12 secondes.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la modification d'un paramètre de fonctionnement est la diminution du rapport entre la quantité de chaleur amenée et évacuée.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel la diminution du rapport entre la quantité de chaleur amenée et évacuée est atteinte en ce que le brûleur (3) est mis hors service ou la puissance du brûleur est réduite.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel la modification d'un paramètre de fonctionnement est atteinte du fait que le courant massique du fluide caloporteur à chauffer est augmenté, en particulier par augmentation de la vitesse de rotation de pompe de la pompe (4) refoulant le fluide caloporteur à chauffer.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la modification du paramètre de fonctionnement est atteinte du fait qu'un parcours de déviation (10) est ouvert entre la sortie et l'entrée pour le fluide caloporteur à chauffer du caloporteur.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lors du démarrage du brûleur (3) de l'appareil de chauffage (1), le courant massique du fluide caloporteur à chauffer est augmenté à court terme, en particulier par l'augmentation de la vitesse de rotation de pompe de la pompe (4) refoulant le fluide caloporteur à chauffer.
EP14179617.7A 2013-08-05 2014-08-04 Procédé de détection de stagnation et suppression de stagnation dans des caloporteurs Active EP2840331B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA622/2013A AT514681B1 (de) 2013-08-05 2013-08-05 Verfahren zur Erkennung und Vermeidung von Sieden in Wärmeübertragern

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EP2840331A1 EP2840331A1 (fr) 2015-02-25
EP2840331B1 true EP2840331B1 (fr) 2018-11-14

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AT (1) AT514681B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2710150T3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023073758A1 (fr) 2021-10-25 2023-05-04 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif à cycle frigorifique
DE102023112905A1 (de) * 2023-05-16 2024-11-21 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb mindestens eines Heizwasserkreises, Vorrichtung umfassend Heizwasserkreis und Heizgerät und Computerprogramm

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JPS5822843A (ja) * 1981-07-30 1983-02-10 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 太陽熱集熱装置
JPS58140555A (ja) * 1982-02-16 1983-08-20 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd 貯湯湯沸器の温度制御装置
JPH01289265A (ja) * 1988-05-17 1989-11-21 Ricoh Co Ltd 基板の分割方法
AU633042B2 (en) * 1989-01-26 1993-01-21 Otter Controls Limited Controls for electrically powered heating elements
JPH05272805A (ja) * 1992-03-25 1993-10-22 Rinnai Corp 給湯制御装置
JPH06123489A (ja) * 1992-10-08 1994-05-06 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 給湯機
GB9503256D0 (en) * 1995-02-20 1995-04-12 Pifco Ltd Improvements to liquid boiling apparatus
JP3880130B2 (ja) * 1997-04-30 2007-02-14 株式会社ガスター 一缶二水路式給湯装置およびその制御方法
JP3862856B2 (ja) * 1998-04-20 2006-12-27 パロマ工業株式会社 保温機能付給湯器
JP2005050713A (ja) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 加熱調理器
GB2452981B (en) * 2007-09-21 2012-10-17 Otter Controls Ltd Electrical appliances
US20110008029A1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2011-01-13 Von Seidel Michael Culinary electric hot water appliance with automatic switch
EP2682582B1 (fr) * 2011-03-03 2016-12-21 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Dispositif d'accélération de la mise en température pour moteur à combustion interne

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ES2710150T3 (es) 2019-04-23
AT514681B1 (de) 2015-06-15
EP2840331A1 (fr) 2015-02-25
AT514681A1 (de) 2015-02-15

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