EP2900570A1 - Absorber für biogene amine - Google Patents

Absorber für biogene amine

Info

Publication number
EP2900570A1
EP2900570A1 EP13842764.6A EP13842764A EP2900570A1 EP 2900570 A1 EP2900570 A1 EP 2900570A1 EP 13842764 A EP13842764 A EP 13842764A EP 2900570 A1 EP2900570 A1 EP 2900570A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
package
acid
covering
ppb
absorbent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13842764.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2900570A4 (de
Inventor
George E. Mckedy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Multisorb Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Multisorb Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Multisorb Technologies Inc filed Critical Multisorb Technologies Inc
Publication of EP2900570A1 publication Critical patent/EP2900570A1/de
Publication of EP2900570A4 publication Critical patent/EP2900570A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B65D81/266—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing gases, e.g. oxygen absorbers or desiccants
    • B65D81/268—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing gases, e.g. oxygen absorbers or desiccants the absorber being enclosed in a small pack, e.g. bag, included in the package
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
    • B65D81/20—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas
    • B65D81/2069—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas in a special atmosphere
    • B65D81/2084—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure, or in a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas in a special atmosphere in a flexible container

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the removal of biogenic amines during food storage and packaging.
  • MAP modified atmosphere packagings
  • amines generated by bacteria during the aging of fish can be considered as a freshness indicator, they usually smell bad and their accumulation in the headspace of fresh fish packages can lead to rejection by the consumer despite the fact that the fish can still be considered as fresh.
  • shelf life of fresh fish packaged in MAP can be more than doubled, and more cost effective distribution channels can be used, fresh fish packaging has not yet had the success one could have expected. Removing some of these amines would significantly reduce the number of rejects and extend the shelf life without compromising consumer safety and health.
  • polyacrylate to a vegetable package to remove bad odor such as amines from the package.
  • US 2002 /01 0-6466-Hausmann at Al discloses the formation of a polymer film comprising up copolymer of ethylene with carboxylic acid to absorb odiferous compounds when packaging materials such as fish.
  • Mohan et al. in Food Research International 42 (2009) 41 1 -41 6 discusses biogenic amine formation in seer fish and the use of oxygen absorbers comprising iron and asorbic acid in combination with chilling to reduce the amines.
  • US 5,654,061 -Visioli discloses sulfide scavenging packaging materials.
  • the invention provides a package for protein containing foods comprising a sealable food covering and in the interior of the covering a permeable container wherein an absorbent is in the permeable container and the absorbent comprises an acid that substantially irreversibly reacts with biogenic amines in the interior of the covering to form a salt or an amide that is without objectionable odor or toxicity.
  • a food package comprising a sealed food covering, a protein containing food in the covering, and a permeable container in the covering, wherein an absorbent is in the permeable container and the absorbent comprises an acid that su bstantially irreversibly reacts with biogenic amines to form a salt or an amide that is without objectionable odor or toxicity.
  • Figu re 1 is cross-sectional schematic view of a label or patch with absorbent of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic of a sachet containing the biogenic amines absorber of the invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of an invention package utilizing the biogenic amines absorber in a label.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the use of a biogenic amine absorber sachet in package.
  • the invention has numerous advantages over the prior art.
  • the invention provides a method of increasing the shelf life of protein rich foods such as meat and fish at low-cost while generally using present packaging and present preservation techniques.
  • Materials of the invention are safe and prevent the formation of toxins in stored meat and fish.
  • the materials of the invention have the advantage that they may be presented in the food packaging art in a way that is familiar to the art and readily carried out in protein packaging.
  • the invention increases the safety of stored foods while preserving their taste.
  • Fig 1 is a schematic illustration of an absorber patch or label for biogenic amines.
  • the patch would be adhered to the inside of a covering forming a food package.
  • the patch 1 0 is comprised of a removable base 1 2 of a strippable material that will not adhere significantly to adhesive layer 1 4.
  • the layer 1 6 is the support for the patch.
  • Layer 1 8 provides an adhesive layer for heat sealing the cover layer 28 around its edges 22. Cover layer 28 is permeable to gases but not liquids and attached to layer 1 8 at its edges 22.
  • This type of label or patch is generally disclosed in US patent
  • the formation of label or patch of the instant invention is similar except that the absorbent material is suitable for absorbing biogenic amines not for absorbing oxygen. Iron is not present in the invention bioamine absorber.
  • the acid absorber for biogenic amines 24 is shown as particles within a fibrous material 26 such as filter paper.
  • the acid material may be either a solid acid particle or may be an acid absorbed onto a carrier such as filter paper, activated carbon or molecular sieve material. It is noted that although the particles are shown as embedded in a fibrous material is possible that the acid could be a liquid that is absorbed onto the fibrous material or solid particles could be placed under cover 22 as loose particles.
  • sachet 30 Illustrated schematically in cross-section Fig 2 is a sachet 30 that could be used in a package as a biogenic amines absorber.
  • the sachet 30 has a cover 32 which is water impermeable and gas permeable.
  • the sachet is sealed at 34 and 36, and formed from either a tubular sheet member or flat sheet that has been folded over and sealed to form a tube.
  • the tube is filled with the biogenic amine absorber prior to both of the ends being sealed.
  • the absorber shown as particles 38 which may be a solid acid or an acid absorbed onto a carrier such as cellulose, activated carbon or molecular sieve particles.
  • the acid also could be absorbed in or scattered in a cellulose member such as the cellulose member 26 utilized in Figure 1 .
  • Figure 3 is a package 40 for preparing a protein material such as fish 46 for display or shipping prior to sale.
  • the package comprises a covering 42 that is the outer covering of the package.
  • the covering comprises a bag 42 that is sealed shut at 48.
  • the package 48 has a patch or label 1 0 fastened to the surface of the covering bag 42.
  • the fish is carried in tray 44. After the fish 46, tray 44, and patch 1 0 have been placed into the covering it is sealed at 48. While illustrated as having the large space for gas the bag would likely be subjected to vacuum or a modified atmosphere in the bag to lower oxygen content to slow decay and result in closely wrapped fish or other protein material. Conventional packing cannot eliminate oxygen coming from the protein and some decay is caused by enzymes.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-section of a package 50 for fish or other protein with biogenic amines given off from this protein being absorbed by sachet 30. With the exception of the use of the sachet instead of the patch or label 1 0 the Figure 4 package is similar to the Figure 3 package.
  • the permeable container of the invention that holds the biogenic amines absorber has been illustrated as either a sachet 30 or a label or patch 1 0 the invention is not limited to these particular containers for biogenic amine absorbers.
  • the container also could be a permeable tube or a container that has one permeable side. It further could be formed of a polymer strip that had biogenic amines absorber embedded in the strip.
  • the covering used in the package may be any polymer material that provides good oxygen barrier properties for the food inside. Typical of such materials are polycarbonate, and polyvinyl alcohols, lactic acid
  • polymers polyesters and polypropylene.
  • a preferred material is
  • polyethylene particularly low density polyethylene because it is low in cost and has good barrier properties.
  • the covering for the package may be wrapped onto the package and sealed, it may be a bag that is sealed, or may be a tube that is sealed at both ends.
  • the formation of sealed air tight food packages is well known.
  • the water impermeable air permeable covering for at least a portion of the sachet, container or label of the invention may be any material that will pass the amines and inhibits passage of water or other liquids. Typical of such materials are microporous spun bonded materials and microporous materials formed by stretching a voided material. A preferred material is a spun bonded polyolefin material such as the well-known Tyvek trademark material.
  • Biogenic amines such as trimethylamine are synthesized by decaying animal, plant and enzymatic metabolisms, and consequently are found in a wide variety of food products. Biogenic amine formation is initially the result of protein breakdown. Biogenic amines are related to food safety and food quality issues, as some biogenic amines are associated with several acute adverse reactions in consumers. All protein rich foods su bjected to the conditions that allow bacterial development and activity are expected to accumulate certain amounts of biogenic amines. Biogenic amines are in fresh meats, fresh meat products, cooked meat products, cured meat products and fermented meat products.
  • Biogenic amines are also found in chesses, tofu, alcoholic beverages, chocolate, sour cream, yogurt, beans, peas, sauerkraut, some fruits, some nuts, and fish.
  • Some of the biogenic amines are trimethylamine, tyramine, tryptamine, phenylamine, histamine, putrescine, phenylethylaminne, agmatine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine.
  • Fish has been rejected by taste panels in the range of 3.0 - 9.5 mg / 1 00. grams (3 - 9.5 ppm) of trimethylamine in fish.
  • Trimethylamine gives fish the pungent fishy odor.
  • the human odor detection threshold of trimethylamine is .00026 - 2.1 mg / m3 (.00026 - 2.1 ppm). Because the threshold of detection is so low, this unpleasant odor becomes apparent long before the wholesomeness of the food is
  • the packages of the invention will reduce the biogenic amine to below the level a human finds unpleasant and off-putting.
  • the absorbers of the invention will reduce the biogenic amines after 7 days of refrigerated storage to a level that is acceptable to
  • the level is suitably less than 1 0 ppb biogenic amine.
  • a preferred level of less than 3 ppb is obtainable for a closely wrapped piece of fish after 7 days refrigerated storage. Closely wrapped means not baggy or loose.
  • the gas space is less that the protein space in a closely wrapped package.
  • biogenic amines given off by foods, other than fish amounts of greater than 5 ppb are not objectionable and greater amounts of these biogenic amines are acceptable to the consumer.
  • Any non-toxic acid may be utilized in this invention. Suitable acids are hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, sorbic acid, terephalic acid, benzoic acid, adipic acid, and sulfuric acid.
  • a preferred acid is citric acid as it is very effective and safe in foods.
  • Any about of acid may be used that is effective in a particular package.
  • the amount of acid needed varies with the type of protein packages as well as how much protein is packaged.
  • An objective of the invention is to formulate an irreversible absorber and reactant that will absorb and react with the biogenic amines that are formed, eliminating the off taste and off odor of the food thereby increasing the shelf life and quality of the food product.
  • the reactant could be used alone or dissolved in water and adsorbed onto an adsorbent such as activated carbon, silica gel, molecular sieve, vermiculite, cellulose paper and absorbent polymers. This would allow the biogenic amine to be irreversibly adsorbed and neither the food product or consumer would not be in contact with the actual reactant.
  • the invention utilizes a substantially irreversible biogenic amine adsorber.
  • Amines are to a considerable extent irreversibly adsorbed on hydrated silica gel and aluminum oxide surfaces.
  • citric acid gives its proton to trimethylamine forming (CH3)3NH + .
  • Trimethylamine is a stronger base than water because nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen.
  • the trimethylammonium cation is a weaker acid (more stable) than the hydronium ion because nitrogen is less electronegative than oxygen and therefore can accommodate a positive formal charge more effectively. This trimethylammonium will be stable in the package and does not have an objectionable smell.
  • Examples 1 -1 3 an 1 1 X 1 6 inch foil laminated pouch was used to test efficacy of the biogenic amine adsorbers. Inside of the foil pouch was placed a small Tyvek packet with the adsorber material along with a moisture source which was .4 grams of water on blotter paper. If the adsorber was dissolved in water then the adsorber was put on blotter paper inside of a packet and placed inside of the foil pouch with the moisture source. This foil pouch was then vacuumed, heated sealed and filled with three liters of gas containing 1 0 ppm of trimethylamine. Blank foil pouches were also filled with the trimethylamine containing gas to be used as a standard. The blanks were determined to contain 1 2,000 and 1 3,000 ppb trimethylamine for the 7 day test at room temperature. For the 1 5 day test the blanks were determined to contain 4,500 and 5,200 ppb of
  • Tests were set up for Examples 1 2-26 where various biogenic amine adsorber chemistries were tested in the 3 liter vessel that was
  • the initial test vessels are filled with 3 liters of gas containing 1 0,000 ppb (1 0 ppm) of trimethylamine.
  • the reaction is slower at colder temperatures and this is the reason that some of the trimethylamine levels are relatively high but they have been reduced from the original 1 0,000 ppb.
  • the two blank test vessels contained 9,400 ppb and 1 0,000 ppb of trimethylamine when measured after the 1 1 days at 4° C. Examples 27-32 use the same test vessels as Examples 1 2-26, but use different storage temperatures.
  • citric acid (.001 0 moles) dissolved 1 ,800. ppb of trimethylamine in .4 grams of water and impregnated onto 1 .3
  • Example 1 8 .2 grams of fumaric acid (.001 7 moles) 740. ppb of trimethylamine
  • Example 1 9 .3 gram of malic acid (.0022 moles) 490. ppb of trimethylamine
  • Example 22 .3 grams of sorbic acid (.0027 moles) 1 , 1 00. ppb trimethylamine
  • Example 23 .3 grams of terephthalic acid (.001 8 moles) 6,600. ppb trimethylamine
  • citric acid (.00234 moles) reduced the trimethylamine content from 1 0,000 ppb to less than 5. ppb at room temperature in 1 0 days. At refrigerated temperatures this same amount of time. Citric acid reduced the trimethylamine content to

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
EP13842764.6A 2012-09-25 2013-09-16 Absorber für biogene amine Withdrawn EP2900570A4 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13/626,397 US20140087033A1 (en) 2012-09-25 2012-09-25 Biogenic amine absorber
PCT/US2013/059858 WO2014052055A1 (en) 2012-09-25 2013-09-16 Biogenic amine absorber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2900570A1 true EP2900570A1 (de) 2015-08-05
EP2900570A4 EP2900570A4 (de) 2016-05-25

Family

ID=50339097

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13842764.6A Withdrawn EP2900570A4 (de) 2012-09-25 2013-09-16 Absorber für biogene amine

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20140087033A1 (de)
EP (1) EP2900570A4 (de)
AR (1) AR093240A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014052055A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9717817B2 (en) 2013-12-30 2017-08-01 International Paper Company Binary odor control system for absorbent articles
JP2020520641A (ja) * 2017-05-18 2020-07-16 フイルメニツヒ ソシエテ アノニムＦｉｒｍｅｎｉｃｈ Ｓａ 悪臭が低減された海洋性タンパク加水分解物組成物
BR112020013007B1 (pt) 2017-12-28 2024-02-06 Bemis Company, Inc Emplastros de embalagem com camada de vedação desinfetante
US11471555B2 (en) 2018-05-25 2022-10-18 International Paper Company Methods of reducing trimethylamine
CN112423716A (zh) * 2018-05-25 2021-02-26 国际纸业公司 气味控制吸收性材料和吸收性制品以及相关的使用方法和制造方法
AU2019208150A1 (en) * 2018-05-25 2019-12-12 International Paper Company Odor-control absorbent materials and absorbent articles and related methods of use and methods of making
US11021312B2 (en) 2018-12-21 2021-06-01 Altria Client Services Llc Pouch with oxygen scavenger and method of forming pouch with oxygen scavenger
IT201900022509A1 (it) 2019-11-29 2021-05-29 Getters Spa Imballaggio alimentare per il controllo o la rimozione di ammine
WO2023050486A1 (zh) * 2021-09-28 2023-04-06 祁东农交汇食品有限公司 一种低生物胺含量的辣椒酱及其制备方法
US12409996B2 (en) 2023-03-17 2025-09-09 Altria Client Services Llc Package with multiple compartments

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ264453A (en) * 1994-09-14 1998-06-26 Meat Research Corp Package wherein the production of carbon dioxide is independent of the removal of oxygen
US5654061A (en) * 1995-01-17 1997-08-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sulfide scavenging packaging materials
IT1279046B1 (it) * 1995-07-17 1997-12-04 Sirap Gema Spa Vaschetta in materiale plastico per alimenti suscettibili di rilasciare liquidi
US5928560A (en) * 1996-08-08 1999-07-27 Tenneco Packaging Inc. Oxygen scavenger accelerator
US5977212A (en) * 1997-11-21 1999-11-02 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Oxygen scavenging compositions
CA2346151A1 (en) * 2000-05-02 2001-11-02 Curwood, Inc. Anti-transfer film and package
US6558571B1 (en) * 2000-08-11 2003-05-06 Multisorb Technologies, Inc. Oxygen-absorbing composition and method
US20020106466A1 (en) * 2000-08-18 2002-08-08 Karlheinz Hausmann Active amine scavenging film for fresh fish packaging
JP2005143402A (ja) * 2003-11-17 2005-06-09 Kazunori Seike 抗菌のための生鮮食品ケース。
US20080003171A1 (en) * 2004-04-20 2008-01-03 Smith William L Microbial Control Using Hypochlorous Acid Vapor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20140087033A1 (en) 2014-03-27
AR093240A1 (es) 2015-05-27
WO2014052055A1 (en) 2014-04-03
EP2900570A4 (de) 2016-05-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20140087033A1 (en) Biogenic amine absorber
Suppakul et al. Active packaging technologies with an emphasis on antimicrobial packaging and its applications
AU738076B2 (en) Modified atmosphere package with accelerated reduction of oxygen level in meat compartment
JP2004520059A (ja) 農産物の貯蔵寿命を延長させるデバイス及び方法
EP3741693B1 (de) Antimikrobielle gasfreisetzende stoffe und systeme und verfahren zu deren nutzung
Day Active packaging
US20140087034A1 (en) Biogenic amine oxidizer or unreactive absorber
EP3552822A1 (de) Mehrschichtkörper, verpackungsbehälter und verfahren zur konservierung von lebensmitteln
AU6153898A (en) Oxygen scavenger accelerator
Lee et al. The use of physical carbon dioxide absorbents to control pressure buildup and volume expansion of kimchi packages
EP2967092A1 (de) Reaktiver ethylenabsorber
Day et al. Active packaging
EP4388882A1 (de) Verpackung für obst oder gemüse und verfahren zum frischhalten von obst oder gemüse
JPS6094056A (ja) ブロツコリ−保存袋
EP4388883A1 (de) Verpackung für obst und gemüse und verfahren zur frischhaltung von obst und gemüse
US20050037114A1 (en) Case-ready food packaging system
JP4152212B2 (ja) カットキャベツの包装体
JPH0541508B2 (de)
JP4586945B2 (ja) 発酵漬け物の保存方法
US20140196412A1 (en) Mercaptan absorber for use with food
JP2008220203A (ja) 高酢酸含有食品の保存方法
WO2006080440A1 (ja) 品質保持剤
WO2013007328A1 (en) Devices and methods for storing fish
JP3660454B2 (ja) 青果物の鮮度保持方法
JPH0889742A (ja) 脱酸素剤包装体の殺菌方法及びその脱酸素剤包装体

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20150422

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RA4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched (corrected)

Effective date: 20160428

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: B65D 81/28 20060101ALI20160421BHEP

Ipc: B65D 81/26 20060101AFI20160421BHEP

Ipc: A23B 4/027 20060101ALI20160421BHEP

Ipc: A23L 3/3472 20060101ALI20160421BHEP

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN

18W Application withdrawn

Effective date: 20160803