EP2926355B1 - Aktuator mit einem thermomagnetischen shunt, insbesondere zum auslösen eines leistungsschalters - Google Patents

Aktuator mit einem thermomagnetischen shunt, insbesondere zum auslösen eines leistungsschalters Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2926355B1
EP2926355B1 EP13808100.5A EP13808100A EP2926355B1 EP 2926355 B1 EP2926355 B1 EP 2926355B1 EP 13808100 A EP13808100 A EP 13808100A EP 2926355 B1 EP2926355 B1 EP 2926355B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
coil
magnetic
movable
shunt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13808100.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2926355A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Schuster
Nathalie Caillault
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2926355A1 publication Critical patent/EP2926355A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/14—Electrothermal mechanisms
    • H01H71/142—Electrothermal mechanisms actuated due to change of magnetic permeability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2454—Electromagnetic mechanisms characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
    • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
    • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
    • H01H71/2463—Electromagnetic mechanisms with plunger type armatures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the triggering of electrical protection equipment such as circuit breakers, particularly in the field of low voltage. More generally, the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator that can be used as a single trigger of a switchgear.
  • a circuit breaker makes it possible to protect an electric line by cutting the current in the event of a fault, in particular on short circuit, when the intensity exceeds a high threshold, or in case of overload, when the intensity remains in values close to the rated current but over a long period.
  • an electromagnetic actuator 2 separates contacts 4, 6 in the event of a short circuit, a bimetallic thermal trip unit 8 reacts to overloads : see for example FR 2 682 533 .
  • the electromagnetic actuator 2 can take various forms, in particular with a plunger core as presented in connection with the figure 1 or pallet as described in FR 2,772,981 .
  • An actuator can also be of bistable type as in the patent application EP1792326 .
  • the invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of existing circuit breaker trip units, in particular by proposing a new type of electromagnetic actuator to ensure tripping over short circuit and overload.
  • the invention thus relates to an electromagnetic actuator that allows the mobilization of a contact which is secured to it both when the current exceeds a nominal value over a long period, than when the current exceeds a threshold punctually.
  • the invention relates in particular to an electromagnetic actuator in which a magnetic shunt device is set up at the coil, in series with respect to the path of the magnetic flux, said shunt device comprising a magnetothermic (or magnetocaloric) material, that is to say a material whose magnetization increases with the temperature above a first temperature greater than or equal to 330 K, and in particular has a peak whose maximum is greater than 40 emu / g, with rapid increase in magnetization between 350 and 420 K under a magnetic field of 0.2 to 2 T.
  • the magnetocaloric material is in particular an alloy of nickel and manganese, preferably of the NiCoMnX type, with X selected from aluminum, indium, antimony or tin.
  • the actuator as such is conventional, with a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed magnetic carcass, a coil capable of being connected to an electrical circuit at its ends, and a magnetic element movable relative to the carcass as a function of the intensity of the current flowing in the coil.
  • the movable magnetic element may be a plunger which moves within the coil, the core and the coil being housed in the carcass; alternatively, the movable magnetic element may be of the pallet type, with a U-shaped casing of which at least one of the branches is surrounded by the coil, and the pallet moving relative to the branches of the U to close it.
  • the shunt device may extend along the axis of the coil, especially indoors for a plunger actuator; preferably in the form of a cylinder, it can be composed entirely of the magnetocaloric material or its effects can be dimensioned by adapting the rate of magnetocaloric material within it.
  • the dimensions of the cylinder are also adapted to the desired force for the shunt device relative to the current flowing in the coil.
  • the electromagnetic actuator may be implemented in a switchgear, such as a molded case modular circuit breaker, wherein one of the switchgear contacts is coupled to the actuator movable member to open or close. the line according to the current flowing in the coil.
  • the actuator can form a device for tripping such a switchgear device, the coil then being coupled to the line that the breaking device is made to protect and the movable element can be coupled to a moving contact. of the apparatus, for example rigidly.
  • a saturable magnetic shunt system which is integrated with a conventional electromagnetic actuator, which retains its role of triggering on a short circuit.
  • the shunt associated with the actuator thus takes overload tripping function.
  • the material of the shunt is chosen for its magnetothermic or magnetocaloric properties. More specifically, as illustrated in figure 2 the material is such that its degree of magnetization M has a peak as a function of temperature. In particular, at low temperature, the material is little, if any, magnetic. When the temperature increases, beyond a first temperature T 0 , the magnetization M of the material increases rapidly, reaching a maximum at a second temperature T 1 , beyond which the magnetization decreases until it vanishes for the Curie temperature Tc of the material. These different temperatures T 0 , T 1 , Tc themselves depend on the applied magnetic field H (see the variations obtained for a field of 0.2 T and a field of 7 T in figure 2 ).
  • the first temperature T 0 is chosen to be greater than 330 K, preferably close to 350 K.
  • This choice is made possible by the use of materials of the NiCoMnX family, with X ⁇ ⁇ Al, In , Sb, Sn ⁇ , preferably aluminum or tin: for these materials, the transition is well marked with a temperature T 1 close to T 0 (difference of 10 to 30 K) and a high magnetization, of the order of 70 emu / g.
  • T 0 347 K
  • Mmax 90 emu / g.
  • an actuator 10 thus comprises a shunt associated with the coil.
  • an actuator 10 according to the invention comprises a magnetic circuit with a fixed magnetic housing 12 housing a longitudinal coil 14 within which can move a magnetic plunger core 16.
  • the coil 14 is connected to a power supply line and, as a function of the current flowing therein, induces a magnetic field B in the magnetic circuit which moves the core 16 along the axis of the coil 14.
  • a device 18 comprising the magnetocaloric material is placed around the coil 14, within the carcass 12, to form a magnetic shunt in the magnetic circuit.
  • the shunt device 18 preferably forms a cylinder housed in the carcass 12.
  • the shunt can be provided by the device 18 in its entirety, then composed in its entirety of magnetothermic material; preferably, the shunt device 18 is thus formed of stacked washers, or even juxtaposed bars or cut sheets.
  • the shunt device 18 may comprise a support which is associated, or in which is integrated, a part of magnetocaloric material, which allows a simplified form such as a cylinder; the shunt device 18 may also form a part of the carcass 12 to which are associated, for example inserted in grooves or contiguous, elements of suitable material.
  • the temperature of the assembly 10 remains low, close to the ambient temperature.
  • the temperature of the shunt device 18 remains lower than the first temperature T 0 : the shunt is in its non-magnetic state and the reluctance of the magnetic circuit is strong, similar to that of the same actuator without shunt device.
  • the force of the field B induced on the magnetic core 16 remains low and below the trigger threshold: the core 16 remains in its rest position.
  • a direct thermal contact is provided between the shunt 18 and the coil 14.
  • the shunt in magnetocaloric material sees its magnetic state depend on the temperature and the magnetic field to which it is subjected, values which, in turn, depend on the value of the current I flowing in the coil 14.
  • the dimensioning of the system 10 makes it possible to position the corresponding value of the overcurrent current I s to locate the induced temperature in the range [T 0 , T 1 ] of non-magnetic phase transition / Magnetic material, and size the field induced by the shunt to allow the displacement of the core 16 and therefore the tripping of a circuit breaker 1 associated with the actuator 10.
  • it is possible to choose the amount of material of the shunt in particular via the length and the section, or even the composition, of the device 18, as well as the length and the section of the turns of the winding 14.
  • the shunt device 18 therefore has little influence on the operation of the actuator 10 in the event of a short circuit. In addition, since it is positioned in the leakage flux of the winding 14, the shunt 18 has little influence on the attraction force of the mobile core 16 at rated current I nom .
  • the actuator 10 can therefore maintain the current dimensions and design according to the cut-off and operating parameters required for its short-circuit cut-off functions, even if the characteristics of the tripping system according to the invention can allow optimization.
  • an actuator 10 according to the invention set up in a switchgear device in particular a molded and / or modular molded 1-BT circuit breaker as illustrated in FIG. figure 1 , allows to perform both protection functions by a single component, exclusively magnetic and without the need to heat a bimetallic strip. Volume is released by the absence of bimetallic, volume that becomes available within the housing for new features. The overall heat dissipation of the apparatus 1, 10 is also restricted, which increases its reliability and energy efficiency. Finally, the disappearance of the thermal adjustment allows a reduction in industrial costs, as the reduction in the number of parts to assemble.
  • the heating of the shunt 28 is achieved by thermal contact with the coil 24 traversed by the current and / or by the Joule effect by circulating all or part of the current in the active material.
  • the two functions of the circuit breaker 1 ' are thus provided by a single triggering and actuating device 20, in a more efficient manner from the technical, economic, environmental and industrial point of view.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator (10, 20), umfassend eine Magnetschaltung mit einem festen Magnetkörper (12, 22), einer Spule (14, 24), die geeignet ist, mit einer elektrischen Schaltung an ihren Enden verbunden zu sein, und ein magnetisches Element (16, 26), das in Bezug zum Körper (12, 22) in Abhängigkeit von der Stärke des in der Spule (14, 24) zirkulierenden Stroms beweglich ist, umfassend eine Shunt-Vorrichtung (18, 28), die sich entlang der Achse der Spule (14, 24) erstreckt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Shunt-Vorrichtung (18, 28) ein magnetokalorisches Material umfasst, dessen Magnetisierung mit der Temperatur über einer ersten Temperatur (T0) größer oder gleich 330 K steigt und ein Maximum bei einer zweiten Temperatur (T1) kleiner als 420 K erreicht, wobei das Magnetisierungsmaximum größer als 40 emu/g ist.
  2. Aktuator nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das magnetokalorische Material eine Legierung aus Nickel und Mangan ist.
  3. Aktuator nach Anspruch 2, bei dem das magnetokalorische Material vom Typ NiCoMnX ist, wobei X ∈ {Al, In, Sb, Sn} ist.
  4. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem das bewegliche magnetische Element ein Tauchkern (16) ist, der in der Spule (14), in der es sich verlagert, angeordnet ist, wobei die Einheit Kern/Spule (14, 16) in dem Körper (12) angeordnet ist.
  5. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, bei dem die Shunt-Vorrichtung (18, 28) einen Zylinder um die Spule (14, 24) bildet.
  6. Aktuator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, bei dem das magnetische Element eine Palette (26) ist, wobei der Körper (22) ein U bildet, von dem mindestens einer der Schenkel von der Spule (24) umgeben ist, wobei sich die Palette (26) in Bezug zum Körper (22) verlagert, um das U zu schließen.
  7. Schaltgerät (1, 1'), umfassend ein Paar von zueinander beweglichen Kontakten (4, 6) und einen Aktuator (10, 20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei mindestens einer der Kontakte mit dem beweglichen Element (16, 26) des Aktuators (10, 20) gekoppelt ist.
  8. Auslöser eines Leistungsschalters, umfassend einen Aktuator (10, 20) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das bewegliche Element (16, 26) und die Spule (14, 24) des Aktuators (10, 20) dazu vorgesehen sind, mit einer zu schützenden Stromleitung gekoppelt zu sein.
  9. Modularer Leistungsschalter (1), umfassend ein Gehäuse, das einen Auslöser nach Anspruch 8 und ein Paar von zueinander beweglichen Kontakten beherbergt, wobei ein erster Kontakt (4) mit dem beweglichen Element (16, 26) des Aktuators (10, 20) gekoppelt ist.
EP13808100.5A 2012-12-03 2013-11-25 Aktuator mit einem thermomagnetischen shunt, insbesondere zum auslösen eines leistungsschalters Active EP2926355B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1261532A FR2999014B1 (fr) 2012-12-03 2012-12-03 Actionneur a shunt magnetothermique, en particulier pour le declenchement de disjoncteur
PCT/FR2013/052836 WO2014087073A1 (fr) 2012-12-03 2013-11-25 Actionneur a shunt magnetothermique, en particulier pour le declenchement de disjoncteur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2926355A1 EP2926355A1 (de) 2015-10-07
EP2926355B1 true EP2926355B1 (de) 2019-04-24

Family

ID=47666359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13808100.5A Active EP2926355B1 (de) 2012-12-03 2013-11-25 Aktuator mit einem thermomagnetischen shunt, insbesondere zum auslösen eines leistungsschalters

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9355803B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2926355B1 (de)
CN (1) CN104781902B (de)
FR (1) FR2999014B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014087073A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3028349B1 (fr) 2014-11-12 2016-12-30 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique et disjoncteur comprenant un tel actionneur
JP6575343B2 (ja) 2015-12-11 2019-09-18 オムロン株式会社 リレー
JP6421745B2 (ja) * 2015-12-11 2018-11-14 オムロン株式会社 リレー
US10726985B2 (en) * 2018-03-22 2020-07-28 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Multi-stage actuator assembly

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2690528A (en) 1950-12-07 1954-09-28 Heinemann Electric Co Delayed action magnetic circuit breaker
FR2682533B1 (fr) 1991-10-10 1993-11-26 Merlin Gerin Disjoncteur electrique a insertion de spires du declencheur magnetique.
FR2772981B1 (fr) 1997-12-24 2000-01-21 Schneider Electric Sa Dispositif de declenchement selectif pour disjoncteur
DE19847155A1 (de) * 1998-10-13 2000-04-20 Kopp Heinrich Ag Überstromauslöser
US6946941B2 (en) * 2003-08-29 2005-09-20 Astronautics Corporation Of America Permanent magnet assembly
FR2875637B1 (fr) * 2004-09-22 2006-10-27 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique bistable a serrure integree.
CN101686029A (zh) * 2008-09-26 2010-03-31 方李明 热磁动力装置
DE102008051939A1 (de) * 2008-10-16 2010-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Auslösevorrichtung für ein elektrisches Installationsgerät sowie elektrisches Installationsgerät mit Auslösevorrichtung
FR2972076B1 (fr) * 2011-02-25 2013-04-05 Hager Electro Sas Actionneur magnetothermique.
DE202012000111U1 (de) * 2012-01-09 2012-07-11 Basf Se Material aufzeigend einen sehr großen magnetokalorischen Effekt

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20150318135A1 (en) 2015-11-05
CN104781902A (zh) 2015-07-15
WO2014087073A1 (fr) 2014-06-12
US9355803B2 (en) 2016-05-31
EP2926355A1 (de) 2015-10-07
FR2999014A1 (fr) 2014-06-06
FR2999014B1 (fr) 2016-01-15
CN104781902B (zh) 2017-06-09

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