EP2935160A2 - Mélange pyrotechnique pour générer un aérosol - Google Patents

Mélange pyrotechnique pour générer un aérosol

Info

Publication number
EP2935160A2
EP2935160A2 EP13817671.4A EP13817671A EP2935160A2 EP 2935160 A2 EP2935160 A2 EP 2935160A2 EP 13817671 A EP13817671 A EP 13817671A EP 2935160 A2 EP2935160 A2 EP 2935160A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrotechnic
mixture
pyrotechnic mixture
mixture according
mono
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13817671.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2935160B1 (fr
Inventor
Ernest Schulz
Dirk Cegiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority to PL13817671T priority Critical patent/PL2935160T3/pl
Publication of EP2935160A2 publication Critical patent/EP2935160A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2935160B1 publication Critical patent/EP2935160B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B29/00—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate
    • C06B29/02—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal
    • C06B29/08—Compositions containing an inorganic oxygen-halogen salt, e.g. chlorate, perchlorate of an alkali metal with an organic non-explosive or an organic non-thermic component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrotechnic mixture for producing an aerosol containing at least one oxidizing agent, at least one reducing agent and an evaporable, mist-forming mixture.
  • the aerosol can z. G. for daytime signaling, as a non-lethal agent in police and military deployment scenarios and as a camouflage nebula.
  • Such a pyrotechnic mixture (pyrotechnic composition) is known, for example, from EP 0 329 718 B1.
  • pyrotechnic composition is known, for example, from EP 0 329 718 B1.
  • the inorganic salts of potassium chloride and sodium chloride are used as vaporizable, mist-forming substances, the inorganic salts of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
  • a pyrotechnic mixture in which a organic compound (cinnamic acid) is used as fog-forming substance, for the evaporation of a relatively low temperature of the order of 300 ° C is required.
  • a disadvantage of this mixture however, that harmful noxious, cyclic hydrocarbon compounds such as styrene occur in the forming mist.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a pyrotechnic mixture for generating an aerosol that is simple and inexpensive to produce and human and ecotoxicologically harmless as possible.
  • the invention is based on the claim of producing a humanoid and ecotoxicologically harmless aerosol which has good optical activity (high extinction, low transmission).
  • the temperature required for the evaporation of the mist-forming substance mixture should be as low as possible. This has the advantage that a special insulation of the mist container is not required.
  • the flame should be as low as possible, so that in combination with the low burning temperature, the fire load on the environment is low.
  • the pyrotechnic composition is then used in sealed containers, containers, etc., the z. B. made of metal or cardboard and have at least one opening.
  • the pyrotechnic composition is ignited by means of a corresponding ignition charge.
  • the released thermal energy is used to evaporate the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and the emulsifier.
  • the mist set burns with a relatively low temperature and low flame.
  • the mist container itself does not have to be particularly insulated; the fire load on the environment is relatively low.
  • the pyrotechnic mixture can be added to a heat-resistant, porous filler which is chemically inert to the other constituent constituents. It may be z. B. natural, amorphous silica (diatomaceous earth) or natural clays such. B. Kaolin hand.
  • a heat-resistant, porous filler which is chemically inert to the other constituent constituents. It may be z. B. natural, amorphous silica (diatomaceous earth) or natural clays such. B. Kaolin hand.
  • a fatty acid and the emulsifier Upon evaporation of the carboxylic acid and the emulsifier, they flow out of the container opening to form microscopically small mixing particles which form a fatty phase.
  • Fat phases of fatty acid and emulsifier are known and provide the basis for oil in fat or fat in oil emulsions, the z. B. in the food or cosmetic industry. According to the intention, these fat phases should store or store water,
  • the particles vaporized on firing the pyrotechnic mixture behave in air like condensation nuclei, d. H. they can physically store or store water from the air and form an aerosol of solid and liquid particles that scatters and absorbs the visible light like a natural mist.
  • the pyrotechnic mixture according to the invention has the advantage that the aerosol formed from the vaporizable solids, in particular the monocarboxylic acids, already scatter the light so well that a good optical effectiveness is given even at low atmospheric humidity.
  • This pronounced property of the active ingredient components gives the pyrotechnic mixture certain climate independent properties. This property is further enhanced by the fact that the pyrotechnic mixture according to the invention during firing, d. H.
  • the active ingredient monocarboxylic acids and emulsifiers specified in the pyrotechnic mixture according to the invention are known as such and can be found in the food industry outside the industry.
  • carboxylic acids and emulsifiers are usually approved for use in foods or ingredients of natural foods. As a result, these components are easily available.
  • the active ingredient components in turn contain no cyclic hydrocarbons.
  • the active components in the aerosol, carboxylic acids and emulsifiers, are themselves human and ecotoxicologically harmless.
  • palmitic acid hexadecanoic acid
  • stearic acid octadecanoic acid
  • / or behenic acid docosanic acid
  • the level of the melting point of the monocarboxylic acids depends on the carbon chain length.
  • pyrotechnic mixtures especially for military applications, must withstand temperatures above 64 ° C over an extended period of time and must not lose their safety and function.
  • the chemical stability of the low-melting mono-carboxylic acids is given in the proposed pyrotechnic mixture, they have the disadvantage that they begin to melt below 60 ° C. in the mixture. As a result, the solid structure of the pyrotechnic mixture changes - usually disadvantageous.
  • the melting point of low melting waxes can be increased by admixing a high melting polymer, e.g. B. with polyethylene glycol.
  • a high melting polymer e.g. B.
  • polyethylene glycol polyethylene glycol
  • polyethylene glycol polyethylene glycol
  • stearic acid from 58 ° C to 88 ° C raises when both substances are mixed in a mixing ratio of 50:50.
  • mixing ratios of the polyethylene with stearic acid from 5:95 to 10:90 results in a melting point reduction by about 4 ° C, d. H.
  • These mixtures melt below the melting points of the individual components.
  • the melting point rises above the melting point of low melting stearic acid.
  • the mixed melting point is approx. 78 ° C.
  • the low-melting monocarboxylic a higher melting substance preferably polyethylene glycol or polyethylene in proportions of 10% - 20%, at.
  • chlorates from the group of alkali metals can be used.
  • potassium chlorate has proven to be advantageous as an oxidizing agent.
  • the reducing agent may be a carbohydrate or a mixture of different carbohydrates from the groups of mono- or di-saccharides.
  • the reducing agent may be glucose, sucrose and lactose.
  • the pyrotechnic mixture may additionally contain a filler.
  • Hydrated aluminum silicates in particular natural kaolins such as bolus alba, have proven particularly advantageous for the composition according to the invention.
  • the components of the pyrotechnic mixture can be mixed and processed in powdered form.
  • the mixture can also be granulated without addition of a binder with water.
  • the powder mixture or the granulate can then be filled directly into a corresponding container, etc.
  • the mixture is pressed together with a primer in the / the container, etc.
  • the mist set or the mist body can be produced easily and inexpensively.
  • the burning speed depends on a. on the size of the surface (grain size, geometry) of the granules.
  • this granulate can be used in a container filled.
  • the granules may still be coated with a pyrotechnic igniter mixture in order to improve the firing of the granules.
  • the pyrotechnic mixture but also a binder can be added, preferably from the group of cellulose esters, dextrins or similar. comes.
  • precautionary neutralizing salts may be added to the mixture to prevent the formation of auto-ignitable chloric acid.
  • the neutralizing agents are preferably carbonates or Hydroxidcarbonate the alkaline earth group, such as. For example, calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide carbonate, or aluminum hydroxide. Usually, an admixture of these neutralizing agents of 2% to the pyrotechnic mixture is sufficient. Depending on the added amount of the neutralizing agent, they can, similar to aluminum silicate, regulate the firing of the pyrotechnic mixture and replace part of the aluminum silicate. To reduce the friction and impact sensitivity of the pyrotechnic mixture, this graphite or boron nitride can be mixed.
  • the container can also be a throwing body, a grenade or a grenade carrying the container, which consist of a multiplicity of different materials.
  • the container can also be a throwing body, a grenade or a grenade carrying the container, which consist of a multiplicity of different materials.
  • certain materials such. B. special plastics but also inorganic residues from surface treatments of metallic components, at temperatures above 64 ° C and / or presence of residual moisture by formation of the dreaded chloric acid from the alkali chlorate can lead to spontaneous combustion of the pyrotechnic mixture, these are not used.
  • cellulose esters in proportions of 1-5% can be added to the mixtures and the water-moist mixture subsequently granulated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un mélange pyrotechnique pour générer un aérosol, le mélange contenant au moins un agent oxydant, au moins un agent réducteur ainsi qu'au moins un mélange de matières nébulisable vaporisable. Pour obtenir que le mélange pyrotechnique puisse être produit simplement et à peu de frais, qu'il génère un aérosol sans danger d'un point de vue humain et écotoxicologique et que des températures relativement basses soient nécessaires pour vaporiser le mélange de matières nébulisable, l'invention propose d'utiliser comme mélange nébulisable un mélange composé d'au moins un acide monocarboxylique aliphatique saturé ayant une longueur de chaîne de carbone C14 à C24 et un émulsifiant du groupe des monoglycérides ou diglycérides esters d'acides gras ou un mélange de ceux-ci ou des monoglycérides ou diglycérides esters d'acides gras estérifiés avec de l'acide de fruits ou des mélanges.
EP13817671.4A 2012-12-19 2013-12-11 Mélange pyrotechnique pour générer un aérosol Active EP2935160B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL13817671T PL2935160T3 (pl) 2012-12-19 2013-12-11 Mieszanina pirotechniczna do wytwarzania aerozolu

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012024809.1A DE102012024809B4 (de) 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Pyrotechnische Mischung zur Erzeugung eines Aerosols sowie deren Verwendung
PCT/EP2013/076270 WO2014095532A2 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-12-11 Mélange pyrotechnique pour générer un aérosol

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2935160A2 true EP2935160A2 (fr) 2015-10-28
EP2935160B1 EP2935160B1 (fr) 2018-06-20

Family

ID=49917642

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13817671.4A Active EP2935160B1 (fr) 2012-12-19 2013-12-11 Mélange pyrotechnique pour générer un aérosol

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2935160B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012024809B4 (fr)
DK (1) DK2935160T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2687849T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2935160T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014095532A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI726626B (zh) * 2020-02-19 2021-05-01 大陸商廣州市創韋照明燈具有限公司 適合產生煙霧的含醣類水溶液配方及使用含醣類水溶液產生煙霧的方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489549A (en) * 1947-05-20 1949-11-29 Vinton John Signal smoke compositions
US4032374A (en) 1976-09-22 1977-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Cinnamic acid containing pyrotechnic smoke composition
LU85676A1 (fr) * 1984-12-10 1986-07-17 Radermecker Interchimie S A Fumigene alcalin et application pour la lutte contre la pollution atmospherique,en particulier contre les pluies acides
USH233H (en) * 1986-08-29 1987-03-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke producing composition
DE3728380C1 (de) 1987-08-26 1988-11-24 Nico Pyrotechnik Pyrotechnische Mischung zur Erzeugung eines Tarnnebels und Anzuendmischung hierfuer
US5154782A (en) * 1991-08-15 1992-10-13 Thiokol Corporation Obscuring and nontoxic smoke compositions
US5522320A (en) * 1993-07-12 1996-06-04 Thiokol Corporation Low-toxicity obscuring smoke formulation
US6558487B1 (en) * 2001-07-24 2003-05-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke generating compositions and methods of making the same
EP1688049A1 (fr) * 2005-02-03 2006-08-09 findusFit Sportdiätetika GmbH Aliment diététique
DE112006001782T5 (de) * 2005-06-30 2008-05-29 Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc., Armada Selbstzündungszusammensetzungen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2014095532A3 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2935160T3 (pl) 2019-01-31
WO2014095532A2 (fr) 2014-06-26
DE102012024809A1 (de) 2014-06-26
DK2935160T3 (en) 2018-09-24
EP2935160B1 (fr) 2018-06-20
WO2014095532A3 (fr) 2014-11-13
DE102012024809B4 (de) 2014-09-11
ES2687849T3 (es) 2018-10-29

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