EP2949766A1 - Procédé destiné à la fabrication d'une soupape pour un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Procédé destiné à la fabrication d'une soupape pour un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2949766A1
EP2949766A1 EP15167871.1A EP15167871A EP2949766A1 EP 2949766 A1 EP2949766 A1 EP 2949766A1 EP 15167871 A EP15167871 A EP 15167871A EP 2949766 A1 EP2949766 A1 EP 2949766A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
raw
hardness
temperature
internal combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15167871.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2949766B1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Müller
Matthias Vogelsang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP2949766A1 publication Critical patent/EP2949766A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2949766B1 publication Critical patent/EP2949766B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
    • B21K1/22—Making machine elements valve parts poppet valves, e.g. for internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a valve for an internal combustion engine.
  • the invention also relates to a valve produced by this method and to an internal combustion engine which contains at least one such valve.
  • Valves for internal combustion engines are usually made of high alloyed austenitic steels, such as e.g. made of steels with the material designations X45, X80, X85 and 1.4344.
  • a valve blank made of the steel mentioned subjected to hot forming, so that a raw valve is obtained.
  • the raw valve is then subjected to curing in a vacuum oven and then tempering.
  • the thus heat-treated raw valve is subjected in a conventional manner further processing steps until the finished valve is obtained.
  • valves Due to the heat input into the valve blank during hot forming a structural change is achieved to a harder microstructure, which still contains a large amount of retained austenite. Since valves are to have a uniform microstructure and to be set to a certain hardness value, in the conventional manufacturing method, the above-mentioned steps of curing in a vacuum oven and annealing are performed, whereby the retained austenite content is reduced and the hardness of the valve is adjusted.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of providing a method for manufacturing a valve for an internal combustion engine, which is cheaper than the conventional method and with the reduction of the retained austenite and the adjustment of the hardness of the valve can be easily achieved. Furthermore, to be created with the present invention, a corresponding valve.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea to carry out a method for manufacturing a valve for an internal combustion engine with the steps: hot forming a valve blank to a raw valve, adjusting the structure and the hardness of the raw valve and finishing the raw valve with set structure and set hardness such the setting of the structure and the hardness of the raw valve is carried out by first subjecting the raw valve to a cold treatment at a temperature of ⁇ -100 ° C and then a heat treatment at a temperature of ⁇ 650 ° C.
  • inventive cold treatment at a temperature of ⁇ -100 ° C substantially the same effects as achieved by the conventional hardening treatment in a vacuum furnace are achieved, i.e. in particular the reduction of retained austenite after hot forming.
  • the cold treatment is carried out in a conventional manner so that the raw valves are cooled either directly by liquid nitrogen, or by air or alcohol as the refrigerant, which has been cooled by liquid nitrogen. Is cooled to temperatures below -120 ° C, e.g. to -160 ° C, is recommended, initially to an intermediate temperature of e.g. Cool down to -135 ° C, and slowly after a time when the temperature is the same throughout the valve, continue to cool. As a result, cracking in the valve can be avoided.
  • the cooling rate in the cold treatment can be 0.5 to 4 ° C / min, preferably 1 to 3 ° C / min and especially 1 to 2 ° C / min.
  • the cold treatment is carried out for a period of 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 0.75 to 12 hours, in particular 1 to 6 hours.
  • the heat treatment according to the invention is a per se known tempering treatment according to the invention at a temperature of 650 ° C to 780 ° C, preferably 680 ° C to 750 ° C, especially 690 ° C to 730 ° C, for a period of 1 to 4 hours , preferably 1.5 to 3 hours, in particular 2 to 2.5 hours.
  • the hot forming used in the process according to the invention comprises hot extrusion and forging, as used in a conventional manner for the formation of raw valves from valve blanks.
  • valve blank used in the method according to the invention can be made of known high-alloy steels for valve applications, in particular of a steel with the material designation X45, X80, X85 or 1.4344.
  • Finishing the raw valve with set structure and set hardness includes the usual steps such as e.g. sandblasting immediately after the tempering heat treatment, straightening after sandblasting, and various cutting processes such as sandblasting; Turning and grinding operations.
  • the total costs can thus be reduced by replacing the conventionally performed hardening in the vacuum furnace with the substantially less expensive cooling treatment.
  • the invention provides a valve for an internal combustion engine, which is obtained by the method described above.
  • the valve has a strength of 1000 to 1350 MPa, preferably 1100 to 1350 MPa, in particular 1200 to 1350 MPa, and a Vickers hardness HV1 of 300 to 500, preferably 320 to 480, in particular 340 to 450 on.
  • an internal combustion engine is provided according to the invention, which contains at least one valve, which has been obtained by the method described above.
  • a cylinder liner made of the material X85CrMoV18-2 as valve blank is inductively heated and subjected to hot extrusion at 1150 ° C.
  • the obtained forging blank is swaged directly on the hot extrusion press and the resulting raw valve is cooled in a water-thermisol solution.
  • the raw valve has a martensitic structure with a retained austenite content of> 70%.
  • a cold treatment is then carried out at -100 ° C with a cooling rate of 2 ° C / min and a holding time of 0.5 hours.
  • the martensitic structure of the raw valve after the cold treatment has a retained austenite content of ⁇ 70%.
  • the valve obtained after the cold treatment is then tempered at a temperature of 720 ° C for 2 hours, whereby a hardened valve having a Vickers hardness HV1 of 420 and a strength of 1350 MPa is obtained.
  • An analysis of the structure shows that the retained austenite content has dropped to 0%.
  • the tempered valve is finally subjected to the usual finishing operations, such as sandblasting, straightening, turning and grinding.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP15167871.1A 2014-05-21 2015-05-15 Procédé destiné à la fabrication d'une soupape pour un moteur à combustion interne Active EP2949766B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014209645.6A DE102014209645A1 (de) 2014-05-21 2014-05-21 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Ventils für eine Brennkraftmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2949766A1 true EP2949766A1 (fr) 2015-12-02
EP2949766B1 EP2949766B1 (fr) 2017-03-29

Family

ID=53180577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15167871.1A Active EP2949766B1 (fr) 2014-05-21 2015-05-15 Procédé destiné à la fabrication d'une soupape pour un moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2949766B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR102015011623A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014209645A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0280467A1 (fr) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-31 Eaton Corporation Procédé de fabrication de soupapes à microstructure variable
AT507385B1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2011-03-15 Joh Pengg Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines vergüteten stahldrahtes für federnde elemente, federstahldraht und feder aus diesem

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3136722C2 (de) * 1981-09-16 1986-06-12 TRW Thompson GmbH, 3013 Barsinghausen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ventilen für Brennkraftmaschinen
US5534081A (en) * 1993-05-11 1996-07-09 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel injector component
GB2451898A (en) * 2007-08-17 2009-02-18 Federal Mogul Sintered Prod Sintered valve seat

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0280467A1 (fr) * 1987-02-20 1988-08-31 Eaton Corporation Procédé de fabrication de soupapes à microstructure variable
AT507385B1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2011-03-15 Joh Pengg Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines vergüteten stahldrahtes für federnde elemente, federstahldraht und feder aus diesem

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
R G TATED ET AL: "Comparison of Effects of Cryogenic Treatment on Different Types of Steels: A Review", INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE (ICCIA) 2012 PROCEEDINGS PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, 31 December 2012 (2012-12-31), pages 10 - 29, XP055218831, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://research.ijcaonline.org/iccia/number9/iccia1068.pdf> [retrieved on 20151007] *
ROGER SCHIRADELLY, RICK DIEKMAN: "Cryogenics", ENGINE PROFESSIONAL, 31 December 2011 (2011-12-31), pages 48 - 56, XP002745515, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:www.cryogenictreatmentdatabase.org/attachment.php?attachment=1096107> [retrieved on 20151007] *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2949766B1 (fr) 2017-03-29
DE102014209645A1 (de) 2015-11-26
BR102015011623A2 (pt) 2016-04-12

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