EP2986653A1 - Formulation d'huile pour boîte de vitesses réduisant la consommation de carburant - Google Patents

Formulation d'huile pour boîte de vitesses réduisant la consommation de carburant

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Publication number
EP2986653A1
EP2986653A1 EP14715919.8A EP14715919A EP2986653A1 EP 2986653 A1 EP2986653 A1 EP 2986653A1 EP 14715919 A EP14715919 A EP 14715919A EP 2986653 A1 EP2986653 A1 EP 2986653A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
meth
gear oil
oil formulation
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14715919.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Boris Eisenberg
Torsten Stöhr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Oil Additives GmbH
Original Assignee
Evonik Oil Additives GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Oil Additives GmbH filed Critical Evonik Oil Additives GmbH
Priority to EP14715919.8A priority Critical patent/EP2986653A1/fr
Publication of EP2986653A1 publication Critical patent/EP2986653A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F290/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups
    • C08F290/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers modified by introduction of aliphatic unsaturated end or side groups on to polymers modified by introduction of unsaturated end groups
    • C08F290/04—Polymers provided for in subclasses C08C or C08F
    • C08F290/048—Polymers of monomers having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds as defined in group C08F36/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M149/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M149/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M149/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F212/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring
    • C08F212/02—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
    • C08F212/04—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical containing one ring
    • C08F212/06—Hydrocarbons
    • C08F212/08—Styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1803—C3-(meth)acrylate, e.g. (iso)propyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type polycarboxylic, e.g. maleic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/022—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amino group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/013—Iodine value
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/017—Specific gravity or density
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/68—Shear stability
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transmission oil formulation having advantageous viscosity properties, by which the fuel consumption of vehicles can be reduced.
  • Lubricant lowered.
  • For automatic transmission oils for example, in the DEXRON-VI specification from General Motors, it is required that the kinematic viscosity of fresh oil at 100 ° C is at most 6.4 mm 2 / s.
  • Viscosity Index describes the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a lubricant. Low viscosity index lubricants show a greater temperature-dependent viscosity change than those with a high viscosity index. Increasing the viscosity index while keeping the viscosity constant at a certain temperature means that the viscosity is lower at lower temperatures than with a comparable lubricant with a lower viscosity index. The reduced viscosity at lower
  • the lubricating film thickness is not limited solely by the viscosity of the
  • Lubricant determines but is a function of viscosity and the relative sliding or rolling speed of the moving to each other
  • shear loss can be permanent, as it occurs, for example, with permanent mechanical stress of lubricants. However, shear loss may also be temporary, resulting in a reduction in speed and associated lower
  • Shear loss due to shearing forces is also referred to as shear thinning.
  • Comb polymers based on e.g. Use polybutadiene as viscosity index improver. However, a satisfactory improvement in fuel consumption is not disclosed here.
  • WO 2007/003238 A1 oil-soluble comb polymers based on
  • Polyolefin-based macromonomers in particular polybutadiene-based methacrylic acid esters, and C1 to C10 alkyl methacrylates described.
  • the comb polymers can be used as an additive for lubricating oils to
  • WO 2009/007147 A1 discloses the use of comb polymers based on polyolefin-based macromonomers, in particular polybutadiene-based methacrylic acid esters, and C1 to C10 alkyl methacrylates for Improvement of the fuel consumption of vehicles.
  • the comb polymers are only disclosed as additives for engine oil.
  • WO 2010/102903 A1 discloses the use of comb polymers as antifatigue additives for gear, engine and hydraulic oils. However, no reduction in fuel consumption is described.
  • Viscosity index A high viscosity index and thus higher
  • Viscosity of the formulation at operating temperatures of about 80 ° C at a given ISO degree allows the reduction of fuel consumption in hydraulic systems. Above all, the improvement of the volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic systems is of importance. This is by higher
  • Lubricant viscosities are favorably influenced, as this leakage currents are minimized in the hydraulic pump.
  • WO 2012/025901 A1 discloses the use of comb polymers in lubricants in combination with certain friction modifiers. Specially tailored to the requirements of gear oils combinations of
  • Comb polymers and base oils are not disclosed.
  • a gear oil formulation having a minimum kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of 5.5 mm 2 / s according to ASTM D445 after 20 h tapered roller bearing test CEC-L-45-A-99 and at the same time a large Has shear thinning.
  • the kinematic fresh oil viscosity at 100 ° C should be at most 6.4 mm 2 / s according to ASTM D445 and preferably about 6.0 mm 2 / s.
  • the gear oil formulation should also have a large
  • Viscosity index preferably has a viscosity index of greater than 180 according to ASTM D2270, more preferably greater than 190.
  • gear oil formulation should have a low
  • the traction coefficient is the force required to move a load divided by the load. The number of
  • Gear oils ideally have a low traction coefficient because with low traction coefficient less energy is consumed due to lubricant shear. This object is achieved by a gear oil formulation comprising
  • Monomers includes:
  • Polybutadiene has a number average molecular weight M n according to DIN 55672-1 of 4000 to 6000 g / mol;
  • the stated proportions by weight of components (A) to (D) are based on the total weight of the monomer composition.
  • Components (A) to (D) to 100% by weight.
  • the sum of the weight proportions of the monomers (B1) to (B3) is at least 15% by weight, most preferably 15 to 45% by weight.
  • the gear oil formulation according to the invention fulfills the mentioned
  • gear oil formulation according to the invention also leads to a reduction in fuel consumption in a vehicle roller dynamometer test, this effect being observed not only during the cold start phase but also after warming of the gear oil formulation.
  • copolymer to be used can be obtained via radical polymerization of said monomers.
  • the double bonds of the ethylenically unsaturated groups and vinyl groups of the stated monomers are preferably opened to form covalent bonds between the monomers.
  • the resulting copolymer is a comb polymer.
  • a comb polymer in the sense of this invention comprises a first polymer, which is also referred to as backbone or main chain, and a multiplicity of further polymers, which are called side chains and are covalently bonded to the backbone.
  • Radical polymerizable comonomers form the side chains of the
  • Carbon atoms are styrene and substituted styrene.
  • styrene monomers having 8 to 17 carbon atoms are styrene, substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent in the side chain, such.
  • a-methylstyrene and a-ethylstyrene substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent on the ring, such as vinyltoluene and p-methylstyrene
  • halogenated styrenes such as
  • Monochlorostyrenes, dichlorostyrenes, tribromostyrenes and tetrabromostyrenes Particularly preferred is unsubstituted styrene.
  • the monomer composition comprises 10-45% by weight.
  • Styrene monomers having 8 to 17 carbon atoms.
  • (meth) acrylic acid refers to acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and mixtures of acrylic and methacrylic acid.
  • (meth) acrylate refers to acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and mixtures of acrylic and methacrylic acid.
  • esters of acrylic acid denotes esters of acrylic acid, esters of methacrylic acid or mixtures of esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • the monomer composition comprises as monomer (B1) 0.2 to 45% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
  • the monomer composition comprises as monomer (B1) 0.2 to 45% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
  • the monomer (B1) 0.2 to 45% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
  • Monomer composition as monomer (B2) 0.2 to 45% by weight
  • the C5 to C30 alkyl (meth) acrylates to be used according to the invention are esters of (meth) acrylic acid and alcohols having 5 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the term "C5 to C30 alkyl (meth) acrylates" encompasses individual (meth) acrylic esters with an alcohol of a certain length, as well as mixtures of (meth) acrylic esters with alcohols of different lengths.
  • Suitable C5 to C30 alkyl (meth) acrylates include, for example, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate,
  • Particularly preferred C5 to C30 alkyl (meth) acrylates are methacrylic acid esters of a linear C12 to C14 alcohol mixture (C12 to C14 alkyl methacrylate).
  • the hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene to be used according to the invention has a number average molecular weight M n of 4000 to 6000 g / mol, preferably 4000 to 5000 g / mol. Due to their high molecular weight, the hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes are also referred to in the context of this invention as macroalcohol.
  • the number average molecular weight M n is
  • the hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene has a degree of hydrogenation of at least 99%. As a measure of the degree of hydrogenation can on
  • the iodine value can be determined instead.
  • the iodine number is the amount in grams of iodine which can be added to 100 g of copolymer.
  • the copolymer according to the invention preferably has an iodine number of not more than 5 g of iodine per 100 g of copolymer.
  • the iodine value is determined by the method according to Wijs in accordance with DIN 53241 -1: 1995-05.
  • Preferred hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes can be obtained according to GB 2270317.
  • Hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes are also commercially available in part.
  • Another supplier of suitable alcohols based on hydrogenated polybutadiene is Cray Valley (Paris) as a subsidiary of Total (Paris) and the Sartomer Company (Exton / PA / USA).
  • hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene is a hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene
  • hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl terminated. hydrogenated polybutadiene.
  • Particularly preferred are hydroxypropyl-terminated polybutadienes.
  • These monohydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes can be prepared by first adding butadiene monomers by anionic polymerization
  • hydroxy-functionalized polybutadiene can be produced.
  • This hydroxylated polybutadiene can be hydrogenated in the presence of a suitable transition metal catalyst.
  • the inventively used esters of (meth) acrylic acid and a described hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene are referred to as macromonomers due to their high molecular weight in the context of this invention
  • Transesterification of alkyl (meth) acrylates can be represented.
  • the ester according to the invention is formed by reaction of the alkyl (meth) acrylates with the hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene.
  • preference is given to using methyl (meth) acrylate or ethyl (meth) acrylate as starting material.
  • This transesterification is well known.
  • this can be a
  • heterogeneous catalyst system such as lithium hydroxide / calcium oxide mixture (LiOH / CaO), pure lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium methoxide (LiOMe) or sodium methoxide (NaOMe) or a homogeneous catalyst system such as the isopropyl titanate (Ti (OiPr)) or the dioctyltin oxide (Sn (OCt ) 2 O) are used.
  • the reaction is an equilibrium reaction. Therefore, the liberated low molecular weight alcohol is usually removed, for example, by distillation.
  • the macromonomers can be prepared by direct esterification, starting, for example, from (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylic anhydride, preferably with acidic catalysis by p-toluenesulfonic acid or
  • Methanesulfonic acid or from the free methacrylic acid by the DCC method (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) can be obtained.
  • the present hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene can be converted into an ester by reaction with an acid chloride such as (meth) acryloyl chloride.
  • ester polymerization inhibitors such as the 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino-oxyl radical and / or hydroquinone monomethyl ether used.
  • Some of the macromonomers to be used according to the invention are also commercially available, for example the Kraton Liquid® L-1253 prepared from the Kraton Liquid® L-1203, a hydrogenated polybutadiene functionalized to about 96% by weight with methacrylate and containing approximately 50% 1, 2
  • the monomer composition according to the invention may comprise, as monomer (D) up to 5% by weight, further free-radically polymerizable comonomers.
  • the monomer composition comprises, as component (D), from 0.2 to 5% by weight of further free-radically polymerizable comonomers.
  • Monomer (D) does not include those already known as monomers (A) to (C)
  • polymerizable comonomers selected from the group consisting of
  • Aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides,
  • Aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides of advantage are provided.
  • maleic anhydride is used as monomer, this can after
  • Polymerization can be reacted with primary or secondary amines.
  • Primary amines are particularly preferred. Suitable amines for this purpose are, for example, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaminopropylamine, N-morpholinopropylamine and N-phenyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine.
  • Monoesters, diesters and mixtures of esters of fumaric acid or maleic acid can be used.
  • Suitable (di) alkyl fumarates include monomethyl fumarate,
  • Preferred (di) alkyl fumarates include 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, most preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms in each of the alcohol groups.
  • Alcohol groups may be linear or branched.
  • Suitable (di) alkyl maleates include monomethyl maleate,
  • Preferred (di) alkyl maleates include 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, most preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms in each of the alcohol groups.
  • the alcohol groups may be linear or branched.
  • Suitable aminoalkyl (meth) acrylates are, for example, N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-diethylaminopentyl (meth) acrylate and N, N-dibutylaminohexadecyl (meth) acrylate.
  • a suitable aminoalkyl (meth) acrylamide is, for example, N, N-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide.
  • Suitable hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates include 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 2,5-dimethyl-1 , 6-hexanediol (meth) acrylate and 1, 10-decanediol (meth) acrylate.
  • Suitable carbonyl-containing (meth) acrylates are, for example, 2-carboxyethyl (meth) acrylate, carboxymethyl (neth) acrylate,
  • Suitable heterocyclic (meth) acrylates include 2- (1-imidazolyl) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 2- (4-morpholinyl) ethyl (meth) acrylate, 1- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) -2-pyrrolidone, N-methacryloylmorpholine , N-methacryloyl-2-pyrrolidinone, N- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) -2-pyrrolidinone and N- (3-methacryloyloxypropyl) -2-pyrrolidinone.
  • Suitable heterocyclic vinyl compounds are, for example, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine, 3-ethyl-4-vinylpyridine, 2,3-dimethyl-5-vinylpyridine, vinylpyrimidine, vinylpiperidine, 9-vinylcarbazole, 3-vinylcarbazole , 4-vinylcarbazole, 1-vinylimidazole, 2-methyl-1-vinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidine, 3-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylbutyrolactam, vinyloxolane, vinylfuran, vinyloxazoles and hydrogenated vinyloxazoles.
  • the copolymer to be used according to the invention can be characterized by its molar degree of branching ("f-branch")
  • the degree of branching is the percentage in mol% of the macromonomers used (component (A)) referred to the total molar amount of all monomers in the monomer composition.
  • the molar amount of macromonomers used is based on the number-average
  • the degree of branching is described in detail in WO 2007/003238 A1, in particular on pages 13 and 14, to which reference is explicitly made here.
  • the copolymer to be used according to the invention preferably has a molar degree of branching of from 1.0 to 3.1 mol%, more preferably 1.2 to 2.8 and most preferably 1.4 to 1.8 mol%.
  • a polymerization initiator and optionally a chain transfer agent are used for this purpose.
  • Useful initiators include the azo initiators well known in the art, such as AIBN and 1,1-azobiscyclohexanecarbonitrile, and peroxy compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, acetylacetone peroxide, dilauryl peroxide, tert-butyl per-2-ethylhexanoate, ketone peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide.
  • the ATRP method is known per se. It is believed that this is a "living" radical polymerization without any limitation to the description of the mechanism.
  • a transition metal compound is reacted with a compound having a transferable atomic group.
  • the transferable atomic group is transferred to the transition metal compound, whereby the metal is oxidized.
  • This reaction forms a radical that adds to ethylenic groups.
  • transition metal compound is reversible, so that the atomic group is transferred back to the growing polymer chain, creating a controlled
  • Polymerization system is formed. Accordingly, the structure of the polymer, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution can be controlled.
  • the polymerization can be carried out at atmospheric pressure, underpressure or overpressure.
  • the polymerization temperature is not critical. In general, however, it is in the range of -20 to 200 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C, and more preferably 80 to 130 ° C.
  • the polymerization can be carried out with or without solvent.
  • the term of the solvent is to be understood here broadly. The selection of the
  • Solvent is carried out according to the polarity of the monomers used, preferably 100N-oil, lighter gas oil and / or aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene or xylene can be used.
  • the monomers according to the invention can also be obtained by polymer-analogous reactions.
  • a polymer of low molecular weight monomers is first prepared in a known manner, which is subsequently reacted.
  • the backbone of the copolymer of a reactive monomer such as
  • the macro alcohols having the present maleic anhydride or methacrylic acid functionalities in the backbone polymer may be catalased e.g. by p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid.
  • p-toluenesulfonic acid or methanesulfonic acid By adding low molecular weight alcohols and / or amines such as n-butanol or N- (3-aminopropyl) morpholine, this polymer-analogous reaction is led to complete conversions, especially with maleic anhydride backbones.
  • addition of the macroalcohol can be performed to form comb polymers.
  • the macro-alcohols can be reacted by a polymer-analogous alcoholysis with a backbone containing short chain ester functionalities to generate comb polymers.
  • Compounds may suitably be functionalized polymers obtained by reacting low molecular weight monomers with others
  • the initially prepared backbone polymer has several functionalities that serve as initiators of multiple graft polymerizations.
  • a multiple cationic polymerization of isobutene can be initiated, resulting in comb polymers with polyolefin side arms.
  • Suitable for such Pfroftcopolymerisationen are also the previously outlined ATRP and / or RAFT process to obtain comb polymers having a defined architecture.
  • the gear oil formulation according to the invention contains as component (i) a base oil.
  • This base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is preferably 2 mm 2 / s, more preferably 3 mm 2 / s according to ASTM D445
  • the aromatic content of the base oil refers to the proportion in% by weight, based on the weight of the oil, of compounds which have at least one aromatic structural element and is carried out in accordance with ASTM D 2007
  • the aromatic content according to ASTM D 2007 is less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight.
  • the base oil is also characterized by a small proportion of aromatic carbon atoms of at most 2%, preferably at most 0.5%, particularly preferably at the highest 0.1%.
  • Aromatic content leads to a reduction in the traction coefficient.
  • a base oil is usually defined as an oil having a boiling point between 260 and 566 ° C (500 and 1050 F) consisting of hydrocarbons having 18 to 40 carbon atoms.
  • the base oil to be used according to the invention may be a mineral oil, a synthetic oil or a natural oil. Likewise, mixtures of different base oils can be used. These oils are well known.
  • mineral oil in particular the higher-boiling fractions of crude or petroleum fall.
  • the boiling point of mineral oil is higher than 200 ° C, preferably higher than 300 ° C, at 5000 Pa.
  • mineral oils depending on the origin of different proportions of aromatic, cyclic, branched and linear hydrocarbons.
  • a reduction in the aromatic content of mineral oils can be achieved by hydrotreating the mineral oils. In this process, aromatic components are reduced by hydrogenation and naphthenic components are built up.
  • Synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, organic esters such as diesters and polyesters, polyalkylene glycols, polyethers, synthetic ones
  • Hydrocarbons in particular polyolefins, of which polyalphaolefins (PAO) are preferred, silicone oils and perfluoroalkyl ethers.
  • PAO polyalphaolefins
  • silicone oils and perfluoroalkyl ethers.
  • synthetic base oils with origin from gas to liquid (GTL), coal to liquid (CTL) or biomass to liquid (BTL) processes can be used. They are usually slightly more expensive than the mineral oils, but have advantages in terms of their performance.
  • Natural oils are animal or vegetable oils, such as claw oils or jojoba oils.
  • Base oils for lubricating oil formulations are grouped according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) depending on saturation level, sulfur content and viscosity index (API 1509, Annex E - API Base Oil
  • PAOs Hydrogen-treated and, depending on the degree of saturation, sulfur content and viscosity index, in Groups II and III (both hydrogen-treated). PAOs are group IV. All other base oils are group V
  • the base oil to be used according to the invention is particularly preferably a Group III oil as defined by the American Petroleum Institute, since the combination of the copolymer according to the invention with a Group III oil becomes a
  • a Group III oil has a viscosity index according to ASTM D2270 of at least 120, a proportion of saturated compounds according to ASTM D 2007 of at least 90%, an aromatic content according to ASTM D 2007 of less than 10% by weight and a sulfur content according to one of the standards ASTM D1552, D2622, D3120, D4294 and D4927 not exceeding 0,03% (API 1509, Annex E - API Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines for Passenger Car Engine Oils and Diesel Engine Oils, September 201 1).
  • group III oils to be used according to the invention have the abovementioned kinematic viscosity.
  • the gear oil formulation according to the invention preferably comprises 60 to 99.9% by weight base oil (component (i)) based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation, preferably 60 to 90% by weight, more preferably 70 to 80% by weight based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation.
  • Gear oil formulation is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 40 wt .-% based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation, more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 20 wt .-% and most preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 wt. % based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation
  • the proportions of components (i) and (ii) add up to 100% by weight.
  • the gear oil formulation of the invention can also be used as component (iii) a second polymer selected from the group of hydrogenated
  • the gear oil formulation comprises 0 to 3% by weight of component (iii) based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation, preferably 0.005 to 2% by weight based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation
  • the hydrogenated polybutadienes and the hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes or their methacrylic acid esters preferably have a number average
  • the hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes may be, for example, the described hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadienes, in particular hydroxyethyl or Hydroxypropylterminators, hydrogenated polybutadiene or their (meth) acrylic acid ester act.
  • the polyalkyl (meth) acrylates may, for example, be polymerization products of the type described
  • the weight proportions of components (i), (ii) and (iii) may add up to 100% by weight.
  • the inventive gear oil formulation may further comprise, as component (iv), further additives selected from the group consisting of dispersants, defoamers, detergents, antioxidants, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, coefficients of friction modifiers, anti-corrosion additives
  • the total concentration of additives is preferably up to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation.
  • Dispersants are preferably used in a concentration of 0 to 5% by weight, detergents in a concentration of 0.05 to 3% by weight, anti-corrosive additives in a concentration of 0.05 to 2% by weight, coefficient of friction modifier a concentration of 0.05 to 5% by weight,
  • Anti-wear and extreme pressure additives in a concentration of 0.1 to 3% by weight, antioxidants in a concentration of 0.5 to 1, 5% by weight, defoamer in a concentration of 10 to 2500 ppm and dyes in one concentration from 0.01 to 1% by weight.
  • the concentration refers in each case to the total weight of the
  • gear oil formulation Depending on the composition, the proportions by weight of components (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) or (i), (ii) and (iv) can add up to 100% by weight.
  • Useful dispersants include, inter alia, poly (isobutylene) derivatives, eg poly (isobutylene) succinimides (PIBSI), also borated PIBSI;
  • Ethylene propylene oligomers with N / O functionalities include, but are not limited to, metal-containing compounds such as phenates; salicylates; Thiophosphonates, in particular thiopyrophosphonates, thiophosphonates and phosphonates;
  • these compounds may in particular contain calcium, magnesium and barium. These compounds can preferably be used neutral or overbased.
  • Suitable antioxidants include, for example, phenols such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTB), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4,4'-methylene-bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol);
  • aromatic amines especially alkylated diphenylamines, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (PNA), polymeric 2,2,4-trimethyldihydroquinone (TMQ);
  • Triaryl phosphates e.g. Tricresyl phosphate, amine-neutralized mono- and
  • Polybutene acrylic acid esters, maleic acid esters, triphenylphosphorothionate (TPPT); Compounds with sulfur and nitrogen, such as zinc bis (amyldithiocarbamate) or methylene bis (di-n-butyldithiocarbamate);
  • fatty acid ester fatty acid ester; overbased sulfonates; Chlorine compounds or solids, such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide.
  • Reibwertver can, inter alia, mechanically effective
  • Phosphoric acid and thiophosphoric acid esters, xanthates, sulphurised fatty acids Compounds that form polymer-like layers, such as ethoxylated dicarboxylic acid, dialkylphthalic, methacrylates, unsaturated fatty acids, sulfurized olefins or organometallic
  • MoDTC molybdenum dithiophosphates and molybdenum dithiocarbamates MoDTC
  • ZnDTP is primarily a wear protection additive and extreme pressure additive, but also has the character of an antioxidant and corrosion inhibitor (here: metal passivator / deactivator).
  • the additives described above are described in more detail, inter alia, in T. Mang, W. Dresel (eds.): “Lubricants and Lubrication”, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2001, RM Mortier, ST Orszulik (eds.): “Chemistry and Technology of Lubricants. "The present invention also relates to the use of the above
  • the gear oil formulation may be in manual, automated manual, double clutch or
  • the transmission oil formulation is particularly preferably used as transmission oil for automatic transmissions. Furthermore, the described transmission oil formulation in transfer cases and axle (axie) or differential gears (differential) can be used.
  • Figure 1 shows the speed profile of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) for determining the fuel consumption of vehicles.
  • NEDC New European Driving Cycle
  • Alcohol mixture iso content approx. 60%
  • AMA3 methacrylic acid ester of a linear C12-C14 alcohol mixture AMA4 Mixture of a methacrylic acid ester of a synthetic C10-C15 alcohol mixture, iso content about 15%, with a
  • Methacrylic acid ester a linear C16-C18 alcohol mixtures
  • the synthesis of the macroalcohol was carried out by anionic polymerization of 1, 3-butadiene with butyllithium at 20-45 ° C. After reaching the desired degree of polymerization, the reaction was stopped by the addition of propylene oxide and lithium separated by precipitation with methanol. Subsequently, the polymer was hydrogenated in the presence of a noble metal catalyst at up to 140 ° C and 200 bar pressure under a hydrogen atmosphere. After completion of the hydrogenation of the noble metal catalyst was separated and organic
  • the base oil Nexbase 3020 (API Group II base oil, kinematic viscosity according to ASTM D 445 at 100 ° C. of 2.1 to 2.3 mm 2 / s) was diluted to a polymer content of 70% by weight.
  • the vinyl content of the macroalcohol was 61%, the degree of hydrogenation> 99% and the OH functionality> 98%. These values were determined by H-NMR
  • a 2-L stirring apparatus equipped with a saber stirrer, air inlet tube, thermocouple with regulator, heater, packed column with 3 mm wire coils, vapor divider, head thermometer, reflux and substrate coolers, 1000 g of the above-described macroalcohol in 450 g of methyl methacrylate (MMA) by stirring at 60 ° C dissolved.
  • MMA methyl methacrylate
  • 20 ppm of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical and 200 ppm of hydroquinone monomethyl ether are added. After heating to MMA reflux (about 1 10 ° C bottom temperature) under air to stabilize about 20 g of MMA are distilled off for azeotropic drying.
  • reaction mixture was prepared in a beaker: 87.9 g of 70% macromonomer solution in oil, 3.9 g of AM A3, 27.3 g of BMA, 51.9 g of Sty, 0.3 g of MMA, 5.1 g of DMAPMAm , 65.0 g of Shell Risella 907 (light naphtenic / paraffinic base oil) and 8.6 g of Nexbase 3020.
  • Reflux were charged to 75 g of the reaction mixture and heated to 120 ° C with stirring. During the heating phase, nitrogen was passed through the reaction flask for inerting. After reaching the 120 ° C 0.09 g of BDtBPB were added to the reaction flask, at the same time was the feed consisting of the remaining reaction mixture and 0.21 g of BDtBPB started. The feed time was 3 hours, the reaction temperature was kept constant at 120 ° C. Each time, 0.30 g of BDtBPB was added 2 and 5 hours after the end of the feed, and the contents of the flask were diluted on the following day by adding 102.9 g of Nexbase 3020. A clear, highly viscous solution was obtained.
  • Copolymer 2 Like Copolymer 1 but with the following reaction mixture: 90.0 g 70% macromonomer solution in oil, 0.3 g AM A3, 19.2 g BMA, 59.7 g Sty, 0.3 g MMA, 7.5 BA, 65.0 g Shell Risella 907 (light naphthenic / paraffinic base oil) and 8.0 g Nexbase 3020.
  • Copolymer 3 90.0 g 70% macromonomer solution in oil, 0.3 g AM A3, 19.2 g BMA, 59.7 g Sty, 0.3 g MMA, 7.5 BA, 65.0 g Shell Risella 907 (light naphthenic / paraffinic base oil) and 8.0 g Nexbase 3020.
  • reaction temperature was kept constant at 120 ° C.
  • 0.30 g of BDtBPB was added again and the contents of the flask on
  • Copolymer 6 (comparative polymer)
  • reaction mixture was prepared in a beaker: 126.4 g AMA2, 129.4 g AMA1, 1.5 g AM A4, 29.8 g MMA, 5.1 g DMAPMAm and 4.1 g n-DDM.
  • 108 g of 100 N oil and 12 g of the reaction mixture were placed in a 500 mL 4-neck round bottom flask with saber stirrer, nitrogen blanket, thermometer, controlled oil bath and reflux condenser and heated to 100 ° C. with stirring. During the heating phase, nitrogen was passed through the reaction flask for inerting.
  • Copolymer 7 (comparative polymer)
  • Copolymer 8 (comparative polymer)
  • Copolymer 9 (Comparative Polymer) Like Copolymer 8 except that 25.7 g of 70% macromonomer solution, 7.5 g of AMA3, 106.5 g of BMA, 18.0 g of Sty, 65.0 g of Shell Risella 907 (light
  • Naphthenic / paraffinic base oil 27.3 g of 100N oil were submitted.
  • Copolymer 10 (comparative polymer)
  • Copolymersynthesen are copolymers according to the invention.
  • Table 1 Monomer compositions for the copolymer syntheses and degree of branching "f-branch" of the copolymers The weight proportions of the individual monomers are each in% by weight based on the
  • Copolymers of the invention are characterized by “erf.”, Comparative copolymers with “Comp.”.
  • Gear oil formulations thus always contain a polymer mixture.
  • Gear oil formulations used (Table 2).
  • the gear oil formulations E1 to E5 are formulations according to the invention.
  • Formulation CE6 is a comparative formulation known in the art.
  • the base oil used was Nexbase 3030 (available from Neste Oil NV, Belgium).
  • Nexbase 3030 is an API Group III base oil with a proportion of aromatic carbon atoms (% -CA) below the detection limit of the IR method ( ⁇ 0.1%).
  • the used Pour Point Depressant is a copolymer of C12 to C18 methacrylates from Evonik Oil Additives.
  • the Dl package is a DEXRON VI-compatible Dl package without viscosity improver.
  • the base oil viscosity of formulations E1 to E5 and CE6 was 3.8 mm 2 / s at 100 ° C.
  • Table 2 Composition of gear oil formulations.
  • Parts by weight of the individual formulation component are given in% by weight based on the total weight of the gear oil formulation.
  • comparative oil formulations according to Table 3 were prepared based on a 150 N formulation oil.
  • the base oil viscosity of these formulations was 5.4 mnrvVs at 100 ° C. These formulations were used to study the high stability of the copolymers 6 to 10 (see below).
  • Table 3 Composition of comparative oil formulations.
  • Parts by weight of the individual formulation component are in% by weight based on the total weight of the comparative oil formulation
  • Viscosimetric evaluation of the gear oil formulations was performed by determining kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C (KV40) and 100 ° C (KV100) according to ASTM D445, Viscosity Index (VI) according to ASTM D2270, and Dynamic High Temperature, High Shear Viscosity at 80 ° C (HTHS 80 ° C) or 100 ° C (HTHS 100 ° C) according to ASTM 4683.
  • the dynamic viscosity (DV) at 100 ° C under low shear was calculated from the product of density and kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C (KV100).
  • shear stability was determined on the basis of the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. after 20 hours of tapered roller bearing test CEC-L-45-A-99 (KV100 according to KRL20h).
  • PSSI Shear Stability Index
  • the PSSI indicates the percentage loss of viscosity introduced into the formulation only by the polymer.
  • the PSSI is therefore a characterization feature for a polymer and is therefore largely independent of the additional amount or other formulation components (oil and other additives). This becomes clear when comparing the PSSI values of the formulations CE1 and CE6, which contain the same polymer but different base oils and additives (see Table 4 and Table 5).
  • TSSI (DVI OOiow shear DV100 hi gh sh ear) / (DV100
  • the DV100 of the base oil of the gear oil formulations was 2.45 mPas.
  • a gear oil formulation must have a maximum KV100 of 6.4 mm 2 / s and a KV100 of at least 5.5 mm 2 / s shear. From these requirements and a base oil viscosity of 3.8 mm 2 / s (Nexbase 3030) it can be deduced that a suitable
  • Gear oil formulation may have a PSSI of 34 or less.
  • Copolymers 8 to 10 are too high.
  • the copolymers used in the formulations CE3 to CE5 are not sufficiently shear stable to serve as additives of gear oil formulations.
  • Table 4 Viscosimetric evaluation of the comparative oil formulations CE1 to CE5.
  • the measurement data for the gear oil formulations E1 to E5 and CE6 are summarized in Table 5. All of these gear oil formulations have the fresh oil viscosity KV100 of a maximum of 6.4 mm 2 / s required by the DEXRON-VI specification. It turns out, however, that the comparison formulation CE6 has a significantly lower viscosity index than the formulations E1 to E5 according to the invention. In addition, the comparative formulation CE6 has a lower temporary shear loss than the formulations according to the invention. This is evidenced by the higher TSSI values of formulations E1 to E6.
  • the temporary shear loss can also be calculated from the difference between the viscosity at 100 ° C and high shear (HTHS 100 ° C) and the dynamic viscosity at 100 ° C and low shear. This difference is significantly higher for the formulations E1 to E4 than for the formulation CE6.
  • Table 5 Viscosimetric evaluation of gear oil formulations E1 to E5 and CE6:
  • MTM 2 Mini-Traction Machine
  • Table 6 Traction coefficient of gear oil formulations based on aromatic-containing formulation oil. The weight proportions of the individual formulation component are in% by weight based on the
  • the deviation of the traction coefficients of the formulations E6 and CE8 is within the measurement error and is considered to be insignificant. It can therefore be concluded from the measurement that the traction behavior of the copolymers according to the invention and of a known comparison polymer does not differ significantly in aromatic-containing oils. Furthermore, the traction behavior of gear oil formulations based on low aromatic base oils was investigated. For this purpose, the traction coefficient of the formulations E1 to E5 and CE6 was determined. The
  • Table 7 Traction coefficient of gear oil formulations based on low aromatics formulation oil. The percent reduction of the traction coefficient was calculated based on the difference to CE6.
  • the inventive gear oil formulations have a significantly lower traction coefficient than the comparative formulation CE6. This proves a synergistic effect in terms of
  • Base oil is achieved with low aromatic content. This synergistic effect is an important prerequisite for formulating fuel-efficient gear oils.
  • a reference oil (factory-fill oil) was used in each of the candidate oils to rule out any unwanted drift in the measurement results.
  • Each test oil (also the reference oil) was measured four times on consecutive days.
  • Specified results represent the average of four individual measurements. Before measuring a new test oil, the automatic transmission and converter were rinsed five times with the new test oil to be measured to
  • Table 8 Fuel consumption of gear oil formulations E1, E4 and CE6 in liters per 100 km depending on the measuring cycle.
  • Gear oil formulations compared to the comparison gear oil formulation CE6 as a function of the measuring cycle Gear oil formulations compared to the comparison gear oil formulation CE6 as a function of the measuring cycle.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une formulation d'huile pour boîte de vitesses, comprenant une huile de base et un copolymère obtenu par polymérisation radicalaire à partir d'une composition monomère. L'invention concerne en outre l'utilisation de cette formulation comme huile pour boîtes de vitesses afin de réduire la consommation de carburant des véhicules.
EP14715919.8A 2013-04-18 2014-04-08 Formulation d'huile pour boîte de vitesses réduisant la consommation de carburant Withdrawn EP2986653A1 (fr)

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EP13002054 2013-04-18
EP14715919.8A EP2986653A1 (fr) 2013-04-18 2014-04-08 Formulation d'huile pour boîte de vitesses réduisant la consommation de carburant
PCT/EP2014/057041 WO2014170169A1 (fr) 2013-04-18 2014-04-08 Formulation d'huile pour boîte de vitesses réduisant la consommation de carburant

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US20160097017A1 (en) 2016-04-07
JP2016515658A (ja) 2016-05-30
MX2015014168A (es) 2015-12-16
KR20150143721A (ko) 2015-12-23
RU2015149262A (ru) 2017-05-24
CN105246928A (zh) 2016-01-13
RU2015149262A3 (fr) 2018-03-19
CA2909115A1 (fr) 2014-10-23
WO2014170169A1 (fr) 2014-10-23
SG11201508650RA (en) 2015-11-27
JP6218924B2 (ja) 2017-10-25
BR112015025576A2 (pt) 2017-07-18

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