EP3040647A1 - Dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur à haute température - Google Patents

Dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur à haute température Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3040647A1
EP3040647A1 EP14200513.1A EP14200513A EP3040647A1 EP 3040647 A1 EP3040647 A1 EP 3040647A1 EP 14200513 A EP14200513 A EP 14200513A EP 3040647 A1 EP3040647 A1 EP 3040647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanging
exchanging medium
channel
cryostat
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14200513.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Oleg Alexander Chevtchenko
Ralph Bakker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hts-PowercablesNl BV
Original Assignee
Hts-PowercablesNl BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hts-PowercablesNl BV filed Critical Hts-PowercablesNl BV
Priority to EP14200513.1A priority Critical patent/EP3040647A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2015/078787 priority patent/WO2016107717A1/fr
Publication of EP3040647A1 publication Critical patent/EP3040647A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cooling a high temperature superconductor, which device comprises a cryocooler using a first heat exchanging medium to cool a second heat exchanging medium to cryogenic temperatures.
  • Cryogenic temperatures are typically considered temperatures below -150°C.
  • the third heat exchanging medium changes phase from liquid to gas when flowing through the second channel and wherein the gaseous third heat exchanging medium is compressed to be fed to a gas distribution system.
  • cryocooler is a Brayton cryocooler.
  • the invention also relates to a cryostat of a high temperature superconductor device for use with the device according to the invention, comprising two concentrically arranged stainless steel tubes, a multi-layered thermal insulation blanket arranged between the two concentrically arranged stainless steel tubes and a plurality of magnetic suspensions for spacing of the multi-layered thermal insulation blanket and suspending the inner stainless steel tube inside the outer stainless steel tube and for spacing inner reflective layers of ⁇ LTI.
  • Such systems are commercially available, cost around 7 M € (cryostat: 4; refrigerator: 3; note that lifetime of a refrigerator is 20 years, therefore 3x costs of refrigerator are included in order to provide a 40 years long lifetime with required redundancy) and consume electricity for about 90 k €/year.
  • the prior art Turbo-Brayton cryocooler is explained with regard to figure 1 .
  • the cryocooler has for example an electrical input power of 141 kW and cooling capacity of 10 kW at 65-72 K, therefore cooling penalty is 14.1.
  • FIG. 3 An embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically in figures 3 .
  • figure 6 shows the T-S diagram of the device according to the invention with a Brayton cycle for the first heat exchanging medium (helium in this example)
  • cryostat cost Attempts to reduce cryostat cost are targeting 0.1-0.2 M €/km, foreseen options include e.g., replacement of outer cryostat shell made of stainless steel with polymer, such as polyethylene [10], etc.
  • Outer wall of a cryostat is made of any appropriate material: metal (e.g., stainless steel, e. g. magnetic or non-magnetic), concrete (e.g., ductal or quantz), plastic or their combination.
  • metal e.g., stainless steel, e. g. magnetic or non-magnetic
  • concrete e.g., ductal or quantz
  • Protective layer e.g., line X can be used as well).
  • cryostat To ensure low friction of coolant inside the cryostat, along the length cryostat is made semi-flexible, a combination of longer rigid and shorter corrugated tubes (or bellows).
  • cryostat can have a tubular or other cross-section, or their mix (e.g., inner wall tubular, outer wall trapezium).
  • Integrated MLI is known where separate radiation shields are spaced with an array of posts in particular interconnected to radiation shields or sheets comprising the MLI layers (see e.g.: US8234835 ) and in addition the posts in each layer can be connected to each other with support arms or beams.
  • a particular disadvantage of this solution is that the said posts are interconnected to each other in the preferential direction of the heat flux and because they have to transfer mechanical load in the same direction, the contact resistance cannot be made sufficiently low.
  • a solid state heat flux of such post in the temperature range 300 K to 70 K
  • a heat flux is 3000 W/m2, (which is 30,000 times higher as compared to the target of 0.1 W/m2).
  • two permanent magnets PM each 3 mm thick, 5 mm in diameter: 0.18 cm2area
  • create a pressure of 5 kgf/cm2 in other words PM density of 0.2 PM/cm2 is in principle sufficient to counteract atmospheric pressure of 1 kgf/cm2 without a post.
  • a stable suspension and thus counteraction to atmospheric pressure is created with a PM-ReBCO pair, e.g. with ReBCO superconductor attached to the inner cryostat wall.
  • a typical HTS power cable phase (a former, Cu conductor, HTS core, electrical insulation, electric and magnetic shields, liquid nitrogen, etc.) without a cryostat weights 10-20 kg/m.
  • Three phases (without a cryostat) weight less than 50 kg/m.
  • a typical diameter of three phases is 0.2 m. Therefore a pressure on the cryostat wall due to the cable weight (acting on 1/3 of the cryostat inner wall surface) is about 3 kN/m2 (kPa).
  • This pressure can be created by 50/m2 pairs of PM-REBCO (e.g., NdFeB PM diameter 20 mm, 5 mm height, REBCO similar dimensions, each creating a suspension force of 6 kg).
  • the proposed interlayer spacer transmits mechanical load using repulsion forces between stationary permanent magnets.
  • a column of e.g., ring-shaped permanent magnet clips 4 of one spacer, see fig. 7 . is arranged in such a way that two clips with a reflective layer in between have the same direction of magnetization and therefore attract each other, while clips from two adjacent reflective layers repel each other.
  • a pin attached e.g., to the innermost ⁇ LTI layer is used. Such pin does not transmit mechanical load through ⁇ LTI, therefore it has smaller thermal conductance as compared to any other lumped spacer that does.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
EP14200513.1A 2014-12-30 2014-12-30 Dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur à haute température Withdrawn EP3040647A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14200513.1A EP3040647A1 (fr) 2014-12-30 2014-12-30 Dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur à haute température
PCT/EP2015/078787 WO2016107717A1 (fr) 2014-12-30 2015-12-07 Dispositif de refroidissement de supraconducteur à haute température

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14200513.1A EP3040647A1 (fr) 2014-12-30 2014-12-30 Dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur à haute température

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3040647A1 true EP3040647A1 (fr) 2016-07-06

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EP14200513.1A Withdrawn EP3040647A1 (fr) 2014-12-30 2014-12-30 Dispositif de refroidissement d'un supraconducteur à haute température

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3040647A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016107717A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6425250B1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-07-30 Praxair Technology, Inc. System for providing cryogenic refrigeration using an upstream pulse tube refrigerator
US20070240451A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-10-18 Fogarty James M Integration of IGCC plant with superconducting power island
US20100024474A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-02-04 Sander Kaart Method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream
US20100275616A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2010-11-04 Ihi Corporation Cryogenic refrigerator and control method therefor
US8234835B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2012-08-07 Quest Product Development Corporation Integrated multilayer insulation
US20140051582A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2014-02-20 Nexans Arrangement with at least one superconductive cable

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2001263841A (ja) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-26 Sumitomo Heavy Ind Ltd パルス管冷凍機
DK2317526T3 (da) * 2009-10-30 2013-04-15 Nexans System med mindst ét kabel med superledningsevne

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6425250B1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-07-30 Praxair Technology, Inc. System for providing cryogenic refrigeration using an upstream pulse tube refrigerator
US20070240451A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-10-18 Fogarty James M Integration of IGCC plant with superconducting power island
US20100024474A1 (en) * 2007-01-25 2010-02-04 Sander Kaart Method and apparatus for cooling a hydrocarbon stream
US8234835B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2012-08-07 Quest Product Development Corporation Integrated multilayer insulation
US20100275616A1 (en) * 2007-11-19 2010-11-04 Ihi Corporation Cryogenic refrigerator and control method therefor
US20140051582A1 (en) 2012-08-14 2014-02-20 Nexans Arrangement with at least one superconductive cable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016107717A1 (fr) 2016-07-07

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