EP3074690B1 - Selbsttragende kastenstruktur zur wärmeisolierung eines flüssigkeitstanks - Google Patents

Selbsttragende kastenstruktur zur wärmeisolierung eines flüssigkeitstanks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3074690B1
EP3074690B1 EP14809468.3A EP14809468A EP3074690B1 EP 3074690 B1 EP3074690 B1 EP 3074690B1 EP 14809468 A EP14809468 A EP 14809468A EP 3074690 B1 EP3074690 B1 EP 3074690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
box structure
self
insulating box
thermoplastic
load
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14809468.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3074690A1 (de
Inventor
Bruno Deletre
Sébastien DELANOE
Benoît CAPITAINE
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B65D25/20—External fittings
    • B65D25/24—External fittings for spacing bases of containers from supporting surfaces, e.g. legs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0325—Aerogel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sealed and thermally insulating tanks, with membranes, for storing and / or transporting fluid, such as a cryogenic fluid.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • these tanks can be installed on the ground or on a floating structure. In the case of a floating structure, the tank may be intended for the transport of liquefied natural gas or to receive liquefied natural gas used as fuel for the propulsion of the floating structure.
  • the document FR 2,877,638 discloses a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a tank wall, fixed to the supporting structure of a floating structure and presenting successively, in the direction of the thickness, from the inside to the outside of the tank, a sealed barrier primary to be in contact with the liquefied natural gas, a primary insulating barrier, a secondary watertight barrier and a secondary insulating barrier, anchored to the supporting structure.
  • the insulating barriers consist of a plurality of juxtaposed parallelepiped heat insulating boxes.
  • the parallelepipedic boxes include a plywood bottom panel, a plywood cover panel, a thermal insulation liner disposed in the form of a layer parallel to the vessel wall, and load-bearing members that rise across the wall. thickness of the thermal insulation lining to take up the compressive forces between the cover panel and the bottom panel.
  • the walls of the tank are subjected to many stresses.
  • the walls are subjected to compressive forces due to the loading of the tank, to thermal stresses during cold setting and to forces due to dynamic shocks of the fluid contained in the tank.
  • efforts are made tangentially to the cover panels of the heat insulated boxes and are thus likely to cause the spill of the load-bearing members of the heat insulated boxes.
  • the section of the carrier elements is generally small in order to limit the thermal conduction through the carrier elements.
  • carrier elements of small section are likely to damage the cover panels and bottom punching.
  • the carrier elements interposed between the bottom and cover panels each comprise a row of pillars, trays, upper and lower, arranged on the row of pillars and respectively resting against the cover panel and the bottom panel , upper lateral reinforcements attached to the pillars and the upper plate and lower lateral reinforcements attached to the pillars and the lower plate.
  • the upper and lower lateral reinforcements prevent spilling of the pillars.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to provide an insulating self-supporting body which has good thermal insulation performance while having good resistance to stress and in particular to the forces exerted tangentially and orthogonally to the walls.
  • the invention also provides a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank comprising a thermal insulation barrier comprising a plurality of aforementioned boxes juxtaposed, and a sealing membrane resting against the barrier of thermal insulation.
  • a sealed and thermally insulating fluid storage tank comprising a thermal insulation barrier comprising a plurality of aforementioned boxes juxtaposed, and a sealing membrane resting against the barrier of thermal insulation.
  • Such a tank may be made with a single sealing membrane or with two alternating sealing membranes with two thermal insulation barriers.
  • Such a tank can be part of a land storage facility, for example to store LNG or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG tank, a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) , a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating storage and regasification unit
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprises a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a fluid is conveyed through isolated pipes from or to a floating or land storage facility to or from the tank of the vessel. ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a fluid, the system comprising the abovementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the vessel installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or ground storage facility. and a pump for driving a fluid through the insulated pipelines from or to the floating or land storage facility to or from the vessel vessel.
  • Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of providing an insulating box where the efforts are transmitted homogeneously. Some aspects of the invention start from the idea of providing an insulating box that is easy to manufacture.
  • thermoplastic will be used to denote, unless otherwise stated, both fiber-reinforced composite thermoplastic materials and unreinforced thermoplastic materials.
  • FIG. 1 On the figure 1 a wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank is shown.
  • the general structure of such a tank is well known and has a polyhedral shape. It will therefore focus only to describe a wall zone of the tank, it being understood that all the walls of the tank may have a similar general structure.
  • the wall of the tank comprises, from the outside to the inside of the tank, a carrier structure 1, a secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 which is formed of insulating boxes 3 juxtaposed on the carrier structure 1 and anchored thereto by secondary holding members 4, a secondary sealing membrane 5 carried by the insulating boxes 3, a primary heat-insulating barrier 6 formed of insulating boxes 7 juxtaposed and anchored to the secondary sealing membrane 5 by primary retaining members 8 and a primary waterproofing membrane 9, carried by the insulating boxes 7 and intended to be in contact with the cryogenic fluid contained in the tank.
  • the supporting structure 1 may in particular be a self-supporting metal sheet or, more generally, any type of rigid partition having suitable mechanical properties.
  • the supporting structure may in particular be formed by the hull or the double hull of a ship.
  • the carrying structure comprises a plurality of walls defining the general shape of the tank.
  • the primary 9 and secondary 5 waterproofing membranes are, for example, constituted by a continuous sheet of metal strakes with raised edges, said strakes being welded by their raised edges to parallel welding supports held on the insulating boxes 3, 7
  • the metal strakes are, for example, made of Invar ®: that is to say an alloy of iron and nickel whose expansion coefficient is typically between 1.2 ⁇ 10 -6 and 2 ⁇ 10 -6 K -1 , or in an iron alloy with a high manganese content whose expansion coefficient is typically of the order of 7.10 -6 K -1 .
  • the insulating boxes 3, 7 have a general shape of rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the insulating boxes 3 of the secondary thermally insulating barrier 2 and the insulating boxes 7 of the primary thermally insulating barrier 6 can equally well have identical or different structures and equal or different dimensions.
  • the figure 2 illustrates the structure of an insulating box 3, 7.
  • the insulating box 3, 7 comprises a bottom panel 10 and a cover panel 11 parallel, spaced in the thickness direction of the insulating box 3, 7.
  • the panel bottom 10 and the cover panel 11 are planar and define the main faces of the insulating box 3, 7.
  • the cover panel 11 has an outer support surface for receiving the primary or secondary sealing membrane 9.
  • the cover panel 11 has, in addition, on its outer face, grooves 12 for the housing of the welding supports for welding the metal strakes of the primary 9 or secondary 5 waterproofing membranes.
  • Supporting elements 13 extend in the thickness direction of the insulating block 3, 7 and are fixed, on the one hand, to the bottom panel 10 and, on the other hand, to the cover panel 11.
  • the load-bearing members 13 allow to resume compression efforts.
  • the carrier elements 13 are aligned in a plurality of rows and distributed in staggered rows. The distance between the load-bearing members 13 is determined so as to allow a good distribution of compressive forces. In one embodiment, the carrier elements 13 are distributed equidistantly.
  • the carrying elements 13 comprise a pillar 14 extending in the thickness direction of the insulating box 3, 7 between, on the one hand, a lower base 15 resting against the bottom panel 10 and fixed thereto and, on the other hand, an upper base 16 resting against the cover panel 11 and fixed thereto.
  • a heat-insulating lining 17 extends in the spaces formed between the carrying elements 13.
  • the heat-insulating lining 17 is, for example, made of glass wool, wadding or a polymer foam, such as polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam or polyvinyl chloride foam. Such a polymer foam may be disposed between the pillars 13 by an injection operation during the manufacture of the insulating box 3, 7.
  • the heat-insulating lining 17 is made of an insulating material in bulk.
  • an insulating material may be a granular or powdery material - such as perlite, vermiculite or glass wool - or a nanoporous airgel material.
  • the insulating box 3, 7 is equipped with peripheral partitions, not shown, extending in the thickness direction of the box, at the periphery thereof and for retaining the heat-insulating packing 17.
  • the peripheral walls are plywood boards which are fixed to the bottom panel 10 and to the cover panel 11.
  • the attachment of the partitions can in particular be carried out by gluing, stapling, pointing and / or screwing.
  • Two opposite side walls are provided with a bore for circulating an inerting gas.
  • a gas-permeable fabric such as fiberglass cloth, is adhered to the inner surface of the side walls in front of the bores.
  • the peripheral partitions are made of a thermoplastic material and are fixed to the bottom panel 10 and the cover panel 11 by thermoplastic welding.
  • the panels 10, 11 are covered with a thermoplastic film, are made of a composite thermoplastic material or comprises a wooden body impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix, to allow operations thermoplastic welding.
  • Peripheral partitions may in particular be made of a thermoplastic strip having a thickness of between 0.1 and 1 millimeter or a thermoplastic film.
  • two side walls are provided with holes which are covered by a gas-permeable fabric.
  • the peripheral walls consist of a thermoplastic gas-permeable fabric.
  • the thermoplastic material of the peripheral partitions comprises a thermoplastic matrix reinforced with fibers.
  • a material may in particular be a material designated by the acronym GMT, for "glass fiber mat reinforced thermoplastics" in English.
  • a GMT material is formed from a set comprising a glass mat and a matrix in the form of a mat of thermoplastic polymer entangled in the glass mat and thus forming a fabric to be hot pressed.
  • such a material is marketed by the company Vperitex under the name Twintex®.
  • the base 15, 16 comprise a load-distributing soleplate 17.
  • the load-distribution soleplate is provided with a flat bearing surface resting against the bottom panel 10 or the cover panel 11.
  • the distribution soleplate Loads 17 provide a bearing surface greater than the section of a pillar 14.
  • the load distribution plates 17 prevent stress concentration on a small section and thus make it possible to limit the deterioration phenomena of the bottom panels 10 and cover 11 by punching.
  • the base 15, 16 also comprises a body 18 extending in the direction of thickness of the body 3, 7.
  • the body 18 of the base is hollow so as to define a sleeve 19 for receiving by interlocking one end of pillar 14.
  • the sheath 19 is here intended to receive a cylindrical pillar 14, it has a generally cylindrical shape.
  • the base 15, 16 is provided with anti-spill ribs 20 regularly distributed around the periphery of the base 15, 16.
  • the anti-spill ribs 20 can oppose the spill phenomenon affecting the carrier member 13 when he undergoes a moment of flexion. To do this, the anti-spill ribs 20 are able to take up the forces exerted on the carrier member 13 transversely to its longitudinal direction and transmit them to the load distribution plate 17.
  • the anti-spill ribs 20 have come of material with the load distribution soleplate 17 and the body 18 of the base 15, 16.
  • the anti-spill ribs 20 have a generally square shape of the faces 20a, 20b arranged perpendicularly and forming the right angle s extend respectively along the load repair sole 17 and along the body 18 of the base 15, 16.
  • the load distribution sole 17 is provided with notches 21 extending between each of the anti-spill ribs. 20.
  • each base 15, 16 has four anti-spill ribs 20.
  • Each anti-spill rib 20 therefore extends in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the adjacent ribs 20.
  • the bases 15, 16 are advantageously arranged relative to the bottom panel 10 and the cover 11 so that each of said ribs 20 is arranged parallel to two opposite sides of the insulating box 3, 7.
  • the base 15, 16 is made by molding a thermoplastic material.
  • the thermoplastic material comprises a thermoplastic matrix reinforced with fibers.
  • the thermoplastic matrix may comprise any suitable thermoplastic material, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyamides (PA), polyetherimide (PEI), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate ( PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polyurethane (PU) in thermoplastic form, a mixture of these polymers or the like, the fibers may be glass fibers, carbon fiber or a mixture of carbon fibers and glass fibers
  • the base 15, 16 may in particular be made in a GMT material, as described above.
  • the base 15, 16, shown on the Figures 3 to 5 consists of two identical molded parts 22a, 22b. Each of these parts 22a, 22b forms a half-shell which when the two parts 22a, 22b are joined define the sleeve 19 intended to receive one end of a pillar 14.
  • Such a base structure 15, 16 consists of two parts molded 22a, 22b facilitates the molding operations of the bases 15, 16 and the operations of placing the bases 15, 16 against the bottom panels 10 or lid 11.
  • the base 15, 16 consists of a single piece integrally molded.
  • the bases 15, 16 of each carrier member 13 are formed integrally with the pillar 14. In other words, the entire carrier member 13 is a integrally molded piece in one piece.
  • the bases 15, 16 are fixed by a thermoplastic welding operation to the bottom panel 10 and to the cover panel 11.
  • the bottom panels 10 and cover 11 have a plywood body.
  • the inner faces of the bottom panel 10 and lid 11, turned towards the inside of the box 3, 7, are covered with thermoplastic films 23.
  • a plastic welding operation is performed in the interface areas between the thermoplastic films 23 and the load distribution flanges 17 of the bases 15, 16.
  • protective masks are previously arranged on the inner faces of the bottom panels 10 and of the cover 11 between the interface zones between the supporting elements 13 and the panels 10. 11. When welding operations have been performed, the protective masks can then be removed. Thus, the thermoplastic films 23 are not deteriorated during welding operations.
  • Such protective masks are, for example, made of metal, ceramic and / or glass materials.
  • Such masks are advantageously equipped with a cooling circuit in which a fluid circulates, such as water, air or oil in order to regulate the temperature of said masks.
  • the outer face of the bottom panels 10 and lid 11 is also covered with thermoplastic films.
  • thermoplastic films Such an arrangement makes it possible to balance the bending of the cover panels 11 and the bottom panels 10, in particular when they are under considerable thermal stress during the cold-setting of the tank.
  • thermoplastic films cover only partially the inner faces of the bottom panels 10 and lid 11.
  • thermoplastic films are arranged only in the interface areas between the bottom panels 10 and cover 11 and the bases 15, 16.
  • Thermoplastic films 23 are, for example, made of a composite thermoplastic material comprising a thermoplastic matrix reinforced with fibers.
  • Thermoplastic films 23 may especially be made in a GMT material.
  • thermoplastic films contribute to increasing the mechanical strength of the bottom panels 10 and the cover 11, by increasing their bending rigidity and improving their punching behavior.
  • thermoplastic films 23 typically have a thickness of the order of 0.5 to 5 mm.
  • the thermoplastic films 23 are fixed to the body of the bottom panels 10 and lid 11 by gluing.
  • the glue used is for example an acrylic glue, a polyurethane glue, or an epoxy glue.
  • the thermoplastic films 23 are fixed to the body of the panels 10, 11 by a hot pressing process. In such a case, it is conceivable to integrate the fixing of the thermoplastic films 23 directly to the plywood manufacturing process. To do this, the wood plies, previously glued, and the thermoplastic films 23 are superimposed, and then the stack thus obtained is subjected to hot pressing. For example, for such hot pressing, the stack is subjected to a temperature of the order of 190 to 200 ° C and a pressure of the order of 0.2 MPa for a period of 5 minutes.
  • thermoplastic films 23 comprise a thermoplastic matrix identical to the thermoplastic matrix of the bases 15, 16.
  • the panels of bottom 10 and cover 11 comprise a body made of a composite material comprising a thermoplastic matrix, identical to that of the bases, reinforced by fibers.
  • the bottom panels 10 and lid 11 are made of a wooden body, impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix, of the same nature as that of the bases 15, 16. The body may be manufactured by agglomeration of fibers previously impregnated with a thermoplastic matrix.
  • the body may be made of plywood whose inner ply, and optionally the outer ply, are made of a wood sufficiently porous to diffuse the plastic matrix hot and under pressure within said plies.
  • a wood is for example selected from birch, fir, beech or others.
  • the welding operation is, for example, carried out by infrared radiation.
  • any other suitable plastic welding method such as ultrasonic welding, induction heating, friction welding, fusion welding, hot air jet welding or the flaming.
  • induction welding it is necessary to have the metal inserts on the bases 15, 16 and / or on the bottom panels 10 and / or cover 11, at the interface between the bases 15 , 16 and the bottom panels 10 and lid 11 so as to allow heating of the thermoplastic material.
  • the Figures 6 and 7 represent a pillar 14 whose end is nested in the sleeve 19 of a base 15, 16.
  • the pillars 14 are made of a thermoplastic material.
  • the thermoplastic material is advantageously a composite thermoplastic material comprising a thermoplastic matrix, reinforced by fibers.
  • the examples of materials and fibers given above in relation to the bases 15, 16 are also applicable to the pillars 14.
  • the pillars 14 are fixed to the bases 15, 16 by a thermoplastic welding operation.
  • the pillars 14 may be formed in a material comprising a thermoplastic matrix identical to the thermoplastic matrix of the bases 15, 16.
  • the pillars 14 have a hollow section, circular in shape.
  • the invention is not limited to this type of section, and the section of the pillars can also be full and have another shape: square, rhombus or rectangular for example.
  • the section of a pillar 14 is hollow, it is advantageously lined with an insulating material to limit thermal losses through the pillar 14.
  • the pillars 14 have a solid section, square.
  • Such solid section pillars may also have a rhomboid or rectangular section.
  • the pillars 17 can be made in many materials.
  • the pillars 14 can also be made of wood or thermosetting plastic, such as polyurethane (PU), unsaturated polyesters, epoxides, acrylics, vinylesters or other.
  • thermosetting plastic materials may in particular be reinforced with fibers.
  • the pillars 14 can not be secured to the bases 15, 16 by thermoplastic welding, the pillars 14 are secured to the bases 15, 16 by any other means.
  • the fixing of the pillars 14 to the bases 15, 16 can in particular be ensured by gluing, by stapling or by means of screws passing through orifices provided in the bases 15, 16 and in the pillars 14.
  • the carrier element 14 comprises a pillar of solid section of square shape, one end of which is received by interlocking in a sleeve 19 formed in the body 18 of the base.
  • the sheath 19 thus has a square section defined by four walls.
  • the base 15, 16, shown in detail on the figure 11 comprises four ribs 20 having a generally square shape each extending along one of the four walls.
  • the base 15 has a circular load distribution sole.
  • the base comprises a ring-shaped reinforcing flange 27 projecting towards the inside of the box 3, 7 from the soleplate for distributing the loads 17.
  • the reinforcing flange 27 is arranged around the body 18 of the base and extends substantially midway between the body 18 of the base and the periphery of the load distribution flange 17.
  • the reinforcing flange 27 is integral with the load distribution flange 17. In other words, the reinforcing flange 27 is formed integrally with the load distribution flange 17.
  • the figure 12 represents a base 15, 16 according to an alternative embodiment which differs from the base of the figure 11 in that it does not include a reinforcing collar 27.
  • the Figures 13 and 14 represent bases 15, 16 respectively provided and devoid of a reinforcing flange 27.
  • the base 15, 16 comprises two reinforcing ribs 20 extending along each of the four side walls defining the body 18 of the base.
  • the figure 8 illustrates an embodiment in which the insulating box 3, 7 further comprises anti-spill devices.
  • the anti-spill devices consist of two bars 24, 25, forming an X and extending diagonally between the bases 15, 16 of two adjacent carrying elements 13.
  • the two bars 24, 25 may also be made of thermoplastic material reinforced with fibers and welded to the bases 15, 16 by thermoplastic welding operations. Note that in the embodiment shown, the bars 25, 26 are welded against the anti-spill ribs 20.
  • Such an X structure provides a particularly high shear stiffness while having a limited impact on the performance of thermal insulation.
  • such anti-spill devices are arranged only along the lateral faces of the insulating box 3, 7.
  • such anti-spill devices can be arranged between all the carrier elements. 14.
  • a cutaway view of a LNG tanker 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary sealed barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary sealed barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of appropriate connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the figure 15 represents an example of a marine terminal including a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and an onshore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed off-shore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can connect to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adapted to all gauges LNG carriers.
  • a connection pipe (not shown) extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 enables the loading and unloading of the LNG tank 70 from or to the shore facility 77.
  • the underwater line 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the onshore installation 77 over a large distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the tanker vessel 70 at great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps equipping the shore installation 77 and / or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (25)

  1. Selbstragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) zur Wärmeisolierung eines Flüssigkeitstanks umfassend:
    - eine Bodenplatte (10) und eine Abdeckplatte (11), beabstandet voneinander entsprechend einer Schichtdicke der Kastenstruktur;
    - Trageelemente (13), eingesetzt zwischen den Bodenplatten (10) und den Abdeckplatten (11) und umfassend jeweils einen unteren, an der Bodenplatte (10) angebrachten Sockel (15) und einen oberen, an der Abdeckplatte (10) angebrachten Sockel (16) und eine Säule (14), die fest verbunden mit den unteren (15) und oberen (16) Sockeln ist, und sich erstreckend in der Schichtdicke der Kastenstruktur zwischen dem unteren Sockel (15) und dem oberen Sockel (16); und
    - eine wärmeisolierende Füllung (17) angeordnet zwischen den Trageelementen;
    in welcher die Sockel (15, 16) jeweils umfassen:
    - einen Flansch zur Lastenverteilung (17) mit einer ebenen Stützfläche, welche auf der Bodenplatte (10) oder der Abdeckplatte (11) aufliegt;
    wobei die selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3,7) dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Sockel (15, 16) jeweils Stützrippen (20) umfassen, welche im Randbereich der Sockel (15, 16) verteiltund angeordnet sind, um die Kräfte, die auf das Trageelement (13) transversal zur Schichtdicke ausgeübt werden, aufzunehmen und sie auf den Flansch zur Lastenverteilung (17) zu übertragen.
  2. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Sockel (15, 16) einen Körper (18) umfassen, welcher sich in der Schichtdicke der Kastenstruktur (3, 7) erstreckt und wobei die Stützrippen (20) winkelförmig sind und zwei Seiten (20a, 20b) aufweisen, welche einen rechten Winkel bilden und sich jeweils gegen den Flansch zur Lastenverteilung (17) und den Körper (18) des Sockels (15, 16) erstrecken.
  3. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Winkel (15, 16) aus einem thermoplastischen Material sind und mittels thermoplastischem Schweißen an ein thermoplastisches Element (23) der Bodenplatte (10) oder der Abdeckplatte (11) angebracht sind.
  4. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 3, wobei die Sockel (15, 16) aus einem thermoplastischen Verbundmaterial, umfassend eine thermoplastische Matrize und Verstärkungsfasern, bestehen.
  5. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Bodenplatte (11) und die Abdeckplatte (11) jeweils eine zur Innenseite der Kastenstruktur (3,7) hin gerichtete Innenseite aufweisen, wobei die Innenseiten der Bodenplatte und der Abdeckplatte mit einer thermoplastischen Folie (23) zur Befestigung der Sockel (15, 16) der Tragelemente (14) überzogen sind.
  6. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Aspruch 5, wobei die thermoplasticsehen Folien (23) aus einem thermoplastischen Verbundmaterial, umfassend eine thermoplastische Matrize und Verstärkungsfasern, bestehen.
  7. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Bodenplatte (10) und/oder die Abdeckplatte (11) einen Körper aus thermoplastischen Verbundmaterial, umfassend eine faserverstärkte thermoplastische Matrize, umfassen, wobei der Körper ein thermoplastisches Element zur Befestigung der Sockel (15, 16) der Trageelemente (14) bildet.
  8. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Bodenplatte (10) und/oder die Abdeckplatte (11) einen mit einer thermoplastischen Matrize durchtränkten Holzkörper zur Befestigung der Sockel (15, 16) der Trageelemente (14) umfassen.
  9. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei die Sockel (15, 16) jedes Trageelementes (16) aus einem Stück mit den Pfeilern (14) und den Trageelementen (13) gebildet sind.
  10. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1bis 8, wobei sämtliche Sockel (15, 16) eines Tragelementes (13) eine Hülse (19) umfassen, in die ein Ende des Pfeilers (14) des Tragelementes (14) eingefügt ist.
  11. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 10, wobei die Sockel (15, 16) zwei Halbschalen (22a, 22b) umfassen, welche zusammen die Hülse (19), in welche das Ende des Pfeilers (14) eingefügt ist, bilden.
  12. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, wobei die Sockel (15, 16) aus thermoplastischem Material und die Pfeiler (14) aus einem thermoplastischem Material sind und Endabschnitte umfassen, welche durch thermoplastisches Schweißen jeweils im Inneren der Hülse (19) des unteren Sockels und im Inneren der Hülse (19) des oberen Sockels (16) angebracht sind.
  13. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei die Pfeiler (14) aus einem thermoplastischen Verbundmaterial, umfassend eine thermoplastische Matrize und Verstärkungsfasern, bestehen.
  14. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 10 oder 11, wobei die Pfeiler aus Holz sind.
  15. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei die selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur quaderförmig ist und wobei jeder Sockel (15, 16) mindestens vier gleichmäßig verteilte Stützrippen (20) umfasst, wobei jede dieser Stützrippen (20) parallel zu den zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten der selbsttragenden isolierenden Kastenstruktur (3, 7) angeordnet ist.
  16. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, wobei die Flansche zur Lastenverteilung (17) zwischen jeder Stützrippe (20) eine Aussparung (21) aufweisen.
  17. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (13, 17) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, wobei die Sockel (15, 16) einen Verstärkungskragen (27) umfassen, welcher sich ausgehend von dem Flansch zur Lastenverteilung (17) ins Innere der Kastenstruktur (3, 7) erstreckt.
  18. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, umfassend Verstärkungsstrukturen zur Stützung umfassend jeweils zwei Stangen (24, 25), die diagonal x-förmig angeordnet sind und sich jeweils zwischen einem unteren Sockel (15) und einem oberen Sockel (16) der beiden angrenzenden Trageelemente (14) erstrecken.
  19. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wobei die wärmeisolierende Füllung (17) aus mindestens einem Block aus Glaswolle, Watte oder Polymerschaum besteht.
  20. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wobei die wärmeisolierende Füllung ein loses Isoliermaterial, ausgewählt aus Perlit, Vermiculit, Glaswolle oder Aerogel, ist und wobei die Kastenstruktur (3,7) umlaufende Wände umfasst, die sich in der Schichtdicke der Kastenstruktur (3,7) zur Rückhaltung der wärmeisolierende Füllung (17) erstrecken.
  21. Selbsttragende isolierende Kastenstruktur (3, 7) gemäß Anspruch 20, wobei die umlaufenden Wände aus einem thermoplastischen Material sind und mittels thermoplastischen Schweißens an ein thermoplastisches Material (23) der Bodenplatte (10) oder der Abdeckplatte (11) befestigt werden.
  22. Dichter und wärmeisolierender Flüssigkeitstank umfassend eine wärmeisolierende Sperre mit einer Vielzahl von aneinander liegenden Kastenstrukturen (3, 7) gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 21 und einer Abdichtungsmembran, welche gegen die wärmeisolierende Sperre aufliegt.
  23. Schiff (70) zum Transport einer Flüssigkeit, wobei das Schiff eine Doppelhülle (72) und einen in der Doppelhülle angeordneten Tank (71) gemäß Anspruch 22 umfasst.
  24. Verfahren zur Be- und Entladung eines Schiffes (70) gemäß Anspruch 23, wobei eine Flüssigkeit von oder nach einer schwimmenden oder erdverbundenen Speicheranlage (77) zu oder von dem Gefäß des Schiffs (71) durch isolierte Rohrleitungen (73, 79, 76, 81) geleitet wird.
  25. Transfersystem für eine Flüssigkeit, wobei das System ein Schiff (70) gemäß Anspruch 23, isolierte Rohrleitungen (73, 79, 76, 81), welche so angeordnet sind, dass sie den in der Schiffshülle angeordneten Tank (71) mit einer schwimmenden oder erdverbundenen Speicheranlage (77) verbinden, und eine Pumpe umfasst, um eine Flüssigkeit durch isolierte Rohrleitungen von oder nach der schwimmenden oder erdverbundenen Speicheranlage zu oder von dem Tank des Schiffs zu leiten.
EP14809468.3A 2013-11-29 2014-11-06 Selbsttragende kastenstruktur zur wärmeisolierung eines flüssigkeitstanks Active EP3074690B1 (de)

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FR1361866A FR3014085B1 (fr) 2013-11-29 2013-11-29 Caisse autoporteuse pour l'isolation thermique d'une cuve de stockage d'un fluide
PCT/FR2014/052825 WO2015079135A1 (fr) 2013-11-29 2014-11-06 Caisse autoporteuse pour l'isolation thermique d'une cuve de stockage d'un fluide

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CN106347575A (zh) * 2016-10-14 2017-01-25 南京林业大学 基于桦木胶合板的lng船用绝缘隔热箱
CN106272749A (zh) * 2016-10-14 2017-01-04 南京林业大学 Lng船用胶合板的制备方法
FR3077513B1 (fr) * 2018-02-05 2020-01-24 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Pilier entretoise
FR3092898B1 (fr) * 2019-02-14 2021-01-15 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Bloc isolant destiné à l’isolation thermique d’une cuve de stockage
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FR3142528B1 (fr) 2022-11-29 2024-10-18 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Caisse autoporteuse convenant pour le soutien et l'isolation thermique d'une membrane étanche

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KR20160093634A (ko) 2016-08-08
PH12016500892B1 (en) 2019-03-08
RU2666377C1 (ru) 2018-09-07
FR3014085B1 (fr) 2017-12-29
CN105874261A (zh) 2016-08-17
AU2014356315B2 (en) 2018-07-26
AU2014356315A1 (en) 2016-06-02
MY179125A (en) 2020-10-28
FR3014085A1 (fr) 2015-06-05
KR102277805B1 (ko) 2021-07-15
JP2017503121A (ja) 2017-01-26
WO2015079135A1 (fr) 2015-06-04
ES2644459T3 (es) 2017-11-29
CN105874261B (zh) 2018-06-01
JP6622201B2 (ja) 2019-12-18
PH12016500892A1 (en) 2016-06-20
EP3074690A1 (de) 2016-10-05

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