EP3087171A1 - Procédé et dispositif de production de biogaz - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de production de biogaz

Info

Publication number
EP3087171A1
EP3087171A1 EP14838913.3A EP14838913A EP3087171A1 EP 3087171 A1 EP3087171 A1 EP 3087171A1 EP 14838913 A EP14838913 A EP 14838913A EP 3087171 A1 EP3087171 A1 EP 3087171A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fermentation
substrate
fermentation tank
nitrogen
process stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP14838913.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Himmelstoss
Roland Reiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aev Energy GmbH
Original Assignee
Aev Energy GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aev Energy GmbH filed Critical Aev Energy GmbH
Publication of EP3087171A1 publication Critical patent/EP3087171A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
    • C12M23/58—Reaction vessels connected in series or in parallel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
    • C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
    • C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/16—Screw conveyor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M33/00—Means for introduction, transport, positioning, extraction, harvesting, peeling or sampling of biological material in or from the apparatus
    • C12M33/22—Settling tanks; Sedimentation by gravity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
    • C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
    • C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
    • C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
    • C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
    • C12M47/12—Purification
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • Liquid for fermentation must be added to guide the process properly and to be able to stir the substrate.
  • the addition of fresh water is prohibited both because of the costs incurred, as well as because of the strong increase in the volume of the fermentation product and the associated expenses for its storage and transport. Therefore, in practice, a separation of the fermentation product in a dry substance-rich and a low-dry substance fraction is made.
  • the low-dry matter fraction is then fed back to the process as process liquids and admixed to the input substrate at the beginning of the fermentation process, for example in a pre-pit.
  • this has the consequence that the process liquid is increasingly enriched with ammonium, which then leads to the above-mentioned inhibition.
  • a solution to this problem is provided by the document DE 20 2007 017 166 111, according to which substrate with a high dry matter content is first introduced by means of a screw and stirred in the fermentation tank by a soulless screw arranged freely in the fermentation tank.
  • a safe circulation of the fermentation substrate is not ensured by this screw, as it acts alone in the area swept by the screw.
  • the solution shown is a very small biogas plant. Scaling into the large-scale area does not seem possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method and apparatus for biogas production, can be fermented at low cost with the nitrogen and high solids substrates, the process is stable and safe and a high quality biogas to be generated.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a method for biogas production in wet fermentation using nitrogen-rich, störstoffbeladenem substrate of an ammonium nitrogen concentration of more than 5 kg NH4-N / m 3 , a first process stage for contaminant separation in a fermentation tank and a second process stage of continuous acetic acid and methane formation from a fermentation substrate at a substantially stable temperature in the psychrophilic region are provided in a fermentation tank.
  • the method according to the invention results in a reduced content of ammonia (NH 3 ) in the fermentation substrate. Ammonia leads to an inhibition of the activity of the microorganisms involved in the formation of methane.
  • the fermentation tank which is provided according to the invention for performing the first and the second process stage, one and the same fermentation tank or to different fermentation tanks in which run one or more of the proposed process stages.
  • the first and the second process stage may run together in a fermentation tank. This is operated at a substantially stable temperature in the psychrophilic range and, in the preferred embodiment, comprises all the features of both fermenters of the variant with separate process stages.
  • a pollutant-loaded substrate is characterized by precipitating solid particles that tend to sediment. However, this often occurs only during the degradation of the substrates because the contaminants are firmly bound into the substrate. Only at the beginning of degradation, especially the hydrolysis, in the long-chain connections are broken up, they precipitate impurities and settle in the fermentation tank. Very often the problem occurs with chicken manure, which has minerals by the feeding of the animals. For example, these mineral substances are then regarded as impurities. In the case of a process control according to the prior art, they precipitate only in the course of fermentation and disturb the process by building sludge layers or in some cases very hard, difficult to remove and steadily growing sediment layers. By contrast, in slaughterhouse waste, for example, bones may be present which may also interfere with the process in the biogas plant, albeit in a different way. They can settle in slides and pumps and hinder their function.
  • this process can also be used at the same time to run the first phase of biogas formation, referred to as hydrolysis.
  • This process also promotes the separation of impurities, since with progressive hydrolyzation, the viscosity of the fermentation substrate decreases and thus contaminants precipitate even in this phase easier and fall down.
  • Biogas with a high methane content can be used particularly favorably for the feed as bio-methane into a natural gas line, since the expenditure for the treatment on natural gas quality is correspondingly smaller and less carbon dioxide must be separated.
  • the discharge of sedimenting or sedimented contaminants is provided during the first process stage. This removes them from the process before the fermentation substrate passes through pumps, valves, pipes and other equipment.
  • the discharge can be carried out by conventional elements, as known in the art. These are, for example, a waste material discharge at a depression in the bottom of the fermentation tank or a conveying device, for example a screw conveyor, in order to convey the sedimented foreign substances to the outside.
  • the contaminants are discharged from at least one strip-shaped recess with radial orientation in the bottom of the fermentation tank in which collect the contaminants when they precipitate from the fermentation substrate, sink therein and the fermentation substrate by one or more agitators in a rotation the vertical axis of the fermentation tank is offset.
  • the strip-shaped depressions form a rest zone into which the flow produced during stirring, for example by submersible mixers, does not get in, so that the foreign matter can settle there at rest without always to be stirred up again.
  • the proposed solution also offers advantages over the solution known from the prior art with a soil scraper installed in the fermentation tank, which is inaccessible for maintenance and control and fails in practice regularly after a relatively short operating time.
  • At least one strip-shaped recess with a radial orientation is provided in the bottom of the fermentation tank, into which the discharge device protrudes in such a way that accumulated contaminants can be absorbed.
  • the discharge device protrudes in such a way that accumulated contaminants can be absorbed.
  • the screw, together with the tube is arranged centrally in the fermentation tank. Then, the fermentation substrate flowing back upwards can be guided on all sides in the same amount back to the entrance of the screw.
  • This arrangement is particularly advantageous when the tube is double-walled, circulates a heat transfer medium between the two walls and the tube thus serves to heat the fermentation substrate.
  • the heat transfer medium can circulate freely between the two walls of the tube, be guided in coils or introduced in any other suitable manner. With such a kind of heating numerous advantages are associated. First, this solution offers a very large heating surface, so that the heat transfer into the fermentation substrate alone is very good.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a method sequence of a biogas production 1 according to the invention with a first process stage 2 for separating out impurities.
  • the intended input substrates 3 which contain a lot of protein and / or a lot of nitrogen, are treated. These are, in particular, dried chicken droppings, meat, offal, offal, blood, broiler or chicken manure, duck manure, turkey dung or poultry manure.
  • impurities 4 such as sand or bone are separated from the input substrate 3, wherein a hydrolysis or pre-acidification in this first process stage 2 can take place.
  • biogas 1 1 For a high-quality biogas 1 1 it is interesting that the methane content is high compared to the second important component, the carbon dioxide.
  • the proportion of carbon dioxide in biogas 1 1 correlates with the process temperature, so that at low process temperature, the carbon dioxide content is low and the methane content is correspondingly high (see Fig. 7).
  • Such a process for biogas production is called a psychrophilic process and takes place at around 15 to 25 ° C.
  • a repository 48 is provided into which the fermented fermented substrate 19 is introduced.
  • the fermentation substrate can cool down, calm down and deliver a lot of residual gas before it is separated into the separator 13 in a solid and a liquid phase, ie the dry matter-rich fraction 14 and the low-dry fraction 15.
  • the latter is passed into the nitrogen reactor 30 where, as shown below (see Figures 7, 8 and 9 and related description), a nitrogen decomposition occurs and a low-nitrogen process liquid 32 and an activated sludge 33 are discharged.
  • Contaminants provided. This consists in a Störstoffablass 21, which is located in the top of a funnel-shaped downwardly tapered bottom 22. There, the impurities can be drained regularly, even before it has come to a sedimentation and hardening in a simple way.
  • the tube 26 is again designed double-walled, so that between both walls of the tube 26, the heat transfer medium, for example, in a heating coil or freely circulating, can be introduced.
  • the ventilation is continued, so that the nitrification begins.
  • NH 4 + ammonium is converted to nitrogen oxide (N0 3 " )
  • This process step can take place either under heating or under cooling.
  • the third process step 36 is stirred, but without further aerating.
  • the addition of a carbon source takes place.
  • a carbon source for example manure, etc.
  • manure for example manure, etc.
  • the conversion of nitrogen oxide (N0 3 " ) to molecular nitrogen N 2 takes place .
  • FIG. 10 shows the influence of temperature on the biogas process.
  • the diagram which shows the amount of gas 38 produced (total amount of gas 39 and methane 40 separately) over the residence time 41, it can be seen that the methane content in the biogas increases and, accordingly, the carbon dioxide content in the biogas decreases when the fermentation takes place at low temperature.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de biogaz et une usine de production de biogaz (1) par fermentation par voie humide et avec utilisation d'un substrat d'entrée (3) riche en azote et chargé de matières parasites à une concentration en azote d'ammonium supérieure à 5 kg de NH4-N/m3, une première étape de procédé (2) servant à séparer les matières parasites et une deuxième étape de procédé (12) étant prévue pour former en continu de l'acide acétique et du méthane à une température sensiblement stable dans la zone psychrophile. L'invention concerne en outre un récipient de fermentation (5, 10, 18) d'une usine de production de biogaz (1), le récipient de fermentation (5, 10, 18) comportant une vis (25) qui est disposée verticalement, est pourvue d'un entraînement en rotation et s'étend dans un tube (26) à extrémités ouvertes qu'elle remplit sensiblement, le tube (26) s'étendant depuis la région située au-dessous du niveau du substrat à la région située au-dessus du fond (22) du récipient de fermentation (5, 10, 18) auquel il est relié de manière solidaire.
EP14838913.3A 2013-12-23 2014-12-22 Procédé et dispositif de production de biogaz Pending EP3087171A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013114786.0A DE102013114786A1 (de) 2013-12-23 2013-12-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Biogasgewinnung
PCT/DE2014/100462 WO2015096832A1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2014-12-22 Procédé et dispositif de production de biogaz

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3087171A1 true EP3087171A1 (fr) 2016-11-02

Family

ID=52589197

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14838913.3A Pending EP3087171A1 (fr) 2013-12-23 2014-12-22 Procédé et dispositif de production de biogaz

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3087171A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013114786A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015096832A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3354718A1 (fr) * 2017-01-30 2018-08-01 HERBST Umwelttechnik GmbH Procédé et dispositif destinés a la production de biogaz
CN107034126A (zh) * 2017-04-26 2017-08-11 常州益优新能源有限公司 用于有机物发酵的设备及其方法
DE102018119088A1 (de) * 2018-08-06 2020-02-06 Aev Energy Gmbh Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Nährstoffgehalts von Gülle und Geflügelkot
EP3831920A1 (fr) 2019-12-03 2021-06-09 SUEZ Groupe Installation et procédé de contrôle de la teneur en nh3 dans un support anaérobie
CN113105997B (zh) * 2021-04-14 2022-07-01 河北省农业科技发展中心 能够抽取沼液的厌氧发酵装置
WO2024046558A1 (fr) * 2022-08-31 2024-03-07 Hitachi Zosen Inova Schmack GmbH Procédé et système de réduction de la teneur en ammoniac/ammonium dans le substrat de fermenteurs
EP4400575A1 (fr) * 2023-01-13 2024-07-17 MTM Anlagenbau GmbH Installation de prétraitement de matières premières solides pour la production de biogaz, installation de biogaz et procédé de production de biogaz
DE102023103661A1 (de) * 2023-02-15 2024-08-22 PreZero Stiftung & Co. KG Fermentersystem und Verfahren zur Herstellung biogener Gase und ggf. Nutzprodukte, insbesondere Fettsäuren und/oder Proteine
US12037626B1 (en) * 2023-06-21 2024-07-16 King Faisal University Jute filters to reduce ammonia inhibition effects of chicken manure for biogas production

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DE69830394T2 (de) * 1997-03-31 2006-01-26 Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus Methode zur ammoniakentfernung von abströmen
EP1362635A1 (fr) * 2002-05-15 2003-11-19 U.T.S. Umwelt-Technik-Süd GmbH Dispositif agitateur pour un fermenteur d'une installation de biogaz
US20130309740A1 (en) * 2011-11-22 2013-11-21 Washington State University Research Foundation Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion Systems Wherein One of the Stages Comprises a Two-Phase System

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