EP3109332A1 - Matière à base d'aluminium modifiée par du borure de metal pour le stockage de tiges de combustible nucleaire irradié et sa fabrication - Google Patents

Matière à base d'aluminium modifiée par du borure de metal pour le stockage de tiges de combustible nucleaire irradié et sa fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3109332A1
EP3109332A1 EP15001849.7A EP15001849A EP3109332A1 EP 3109332 A1 EP3109332 A1 EP 3109332A1 EP 15001849 A EP15001849 A EP 15001849A EP 3109332 A1 EP3109332 A1 EP 3109332A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
aluminum
matrix composite
metal matrix
amount
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP15001849.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Palm
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Priority to EP15001849.7A priority Critical patent/EP3109332A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2016/064481 priority patent/WO2016207254A1/fr
Publication of EP3109332A1 publication Critical patent/EP3109332A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
    • C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
    • G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F5/00—Transportable or portable shielded containers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metal matrix composite material comprising an aluminum matrix, and particles distributed in the aluminum matrix comprising a metal boride, a process for producing such a metal matrix composite, and an article comprising such a metal matrix composite and the use of a metal boride of the MB 6 .
  • Metal matrix composites comprising metal borides are frequently used to make storage containers for radioactive (still weak) radiating nuclear fuel rods.
  • MB 4 -type metal borides such as boron carbide (B 4 C) are currently used in aluminum alloys.
  • the aluminum alloys are mixed with powdered boron carbide (B 4 C), poured off and extruded or rolled.
  • B 4 C powdered boron carbide
  • DE 10 2011 120 988 A1 a flat semi-finished product of an aluminum matrix composite alloy with particles of boron carbide.
  • the use of boron carbide offers the advantage that a certain amount of boron can be provided as neutron scavenger.
  • the safety requirements for corresponding storage vessels are being set high by the companies that need to store the nuclear fuel rods after use.
  • the material used to make the storage containers must contain an ever higher minimum amount of boron than neutron scavenger.
  • the material in case of failure of the water cooling a not insignificant amount of heat, so that the material additionally have a certain heat resistance and the resulting heat well must carry away.
  • These material properties must also be proven for at least 40 years, more preferably 50 years.
  • the new materials have to be handed over to strict cost specifications.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a material which is suitable as a material for the production of storage containers for radioactive (still weak) radiating nuclear fuel rods.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a material containing a high amount of boron, in particular an amount which is higher than the amount usually achieved with boron carbide (B 4 C).
  • Another object of the present invention is that the material has high heat resistance and thermal conductivity.
  • an object of the present invention is that the material has sufficient long-term stability.
  • Another object of the present invention is that the material is inexpensive and easy to manufacture.
  • the metal matrix composite according to the invention is suitable as a material for the production of storage containers for radioactive nuclear fuel rods. Another advantage is that the metal matrix composite contains a high amount of boron, in particular an amount that is higher than the amount usually achieved with boron carbide (B 4 C). Another advantage is that the metal matrix composite material has high heat resistance and thermal conductivity. Another advantage is that the metal matrix composite has sufficient long-term durability. Another advantage is that the metal matrix composite is inexpensive and easy to manufacture.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises, as further component, at least one component selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), Titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La), or mixtures thereof.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises the aluminum matrix in an amount of from 40 to 88 percent by weight based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the particles comprising a metal boride dispersed in the aluminum matrix have a weight ratio of the isotopes 11 B to 10 B [ 11 B / 10 B] of 5: 1 to 3: 1.
  • the particles dispersed in the aluminum matrix comprise an MB 6 -type metal boride, where M denotes a metal cation.
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix include calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) and / or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ),
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix represent nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 to 100 000 nm.
  • the metal matrix composite has a thermal conductivity of at least 160 Wm -1 K -1 , determined according to ISO 25239-1: 2011, and / or a strength of at least 117 N / mm 2 at a temperature of 375 ° C, determined according to ISO 527-2, up.
  • the metal matrix composite is obtained by the method described herein.
  • step d) takes place at a temperature of 900 ° C to 1500 ° C.
  • the metal matrix composite obtained in step d) is cooled to a temperature below the temperature used in step d).
  • the present invention relates to an article, preferably a radioactive nuclear fuel rod storage vessel, comprising the metal matrix composite as defined herein.
  • the present invention relates to the use of MB 6 -type metal boride in a radioactive nuclear fuel rod storage vessel.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises an aluminum matrix.
  • the use of an aluminum matrix is advantageous because it has a low weight and thus contributes to a lower total weight of the article, in particular the storage container for radioactive nuclear fuel rods. Furthermore, the aluminum matrix has a good thermal conductivity.
  • the aluminum matrix may consist essentially of aluminum.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises at least one further component as alloying element (s).
  • the aluminum matrix as further component comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), Vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La), or mixtures thereof.
  • the aluminum matrix as a further component comprises a component selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) or lanthanum (La).
  • the aluminum matrix comprises as further component at least two components, for example two components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), Vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) or lanthanum (La).
  • the aluminum matrix comprises as further component at least three components, for example three or four components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe ), Vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) or lanthanum (La).
  • the aluminum matrix comprises as further component at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zircon (Zr) and iron (Fe).
  • the aluminum matrix preferably comprises, as further component, three or four components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr) and iron (Fe).
  • the aluminum matrix comprises a further component as alloying element
  • the aluminum matrix comprises, for example, scandium (Sc) or copper (Cu).
  • the aluminum matrix comprises, for example, scandium (Sc) and copper (Cu).
  • the aluminum matrix may comprise, for example, silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) if the aluminum matrix comprises two further components as alloying elements.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) when the aluminum matrix comprises two further components as alloying elements.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), Lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in a total amount of at least 90.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganes
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), Manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in a total amount of at least 92.0% by weight, preferably of at least 95.0% by weight in total and most preferably at least 96.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb) , Tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in a total amount of at least 97.0% by weight, preferably at least 98.0% by total, more preferably at least 99.0% by weight and most preferably totaling at least 99.5 wt .-% based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magne
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb) , Tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in total in an amount of 98.0 to 100.0 wt .-% or in total in an amount of 98.0 to 99.99 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) , Lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in total in an amount of 98.0 to 99.95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb) , Tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in total in an amount of 99.0 to 99.95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Z
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) and the at least one component, for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta) , Lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, preferably in total in an amount of 99.5 to 99.95 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one component for example one, two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg) , Nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium
  • the aluminum matrix may have a content of impurities that balances the 100.0% by weight.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises the at least one component selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe) , Vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, in in an amount of 0.1 to 35.0% by weight per element, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises the at least one component selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V) , Titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb),
  • the aluminum matrix comprises the at least one component, for example two or three or four components, which is selected from the group comprising silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni) , Iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures thereof, in an amount of 0.5 to 40.0 wt .-% in total, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises the at least one component, for example two or three or four components, selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), ytterbium (Y), manganese (Mn), hafnium (Hf), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), lanthanum (La) or mixtures of which, in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 wt .-% in total, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) in an amount of from 60.0 to 99.95% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum (Al) in an amount of 70.0 to 99.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises at least one further component, for example two or three or four components selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu) , Magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr) and iron (Fe) in a certain amount.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises the at least one further component, for example two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr) and Fe (Fe) in an amount of 0.5 to 40.0 wt .-% in total, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises the at least one further component, for example two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), Nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr) and iron (Fe) in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 wt .-% in total, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the at least one further component for example two or three or four components, which is selected from the group consisting of silicon (Si), scandium (Sc), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), Nickel (Ni), zirconium (Zr) and iron (Fe) in an amount of 1.0 to 30.0 wt .-% in total, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises silicon (Si) in an amount greater than 8.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises silicon (Si) in an amount of 8.0 to 30.0% by weight, preferably in an amount of 10.0 to 30.0% by weight, more preferably in an amount of 10.0 to 27.0% by weight. % and most preferably in an amount of from 11.0 to 26.0% by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the addition of silicon (Si) has the particular advantage that it contributes to improving the heat resistance.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises scandium (Sc) in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises scandium (Sc) in an amount of 0.1 to 0.8 wt .-%, and preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 0.6 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the addition of scandium (Sc) has the particular advantage that it contributes to the improvement of both the room temperature resistance and the strength at higher temperatures (heat resistance).
  • Scandium (Sc) improves creep resistance the aluminum matrix and thus also the metal matrix composite material.
  • the thermal conductivity can be improved.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.5 to 5.0 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises copper (Cu) in an amount of 0.8 to 5.0% by weight, and preferably in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • copper (Cu) has the particular advantage that it contributes to the improvement of both the room temperature resistance and the strength at higher temperatures (heat resistance). In addition, the thermal conductivity can be improved.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises zirconium (Zr) in an amount of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises zirconium (Zr) in an amount of from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight, and preferably in an amount of from 0.3 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • zirconium (Zr) has the particular advantage that it contributes to improving both the room temperature resistance and the strength at higher temperatures (heat resistance). In addition, the thermal conductivity can be improved.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.5 to 2.5% by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 wt%, and preferably in an amount of 0.8 to 1.5 wt%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the addition of magnesium (Mg) has the particular advantage that the specific density is reduced.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises nickel (Ni) in an amount of 0.5 to 4.0% by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises nickel (Ni) in an amount of 0.5 to 3.0 wt .-%, and preferably in an amount of 0.8 to 2.5 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the alloying of nickel (Ni) has the particular advantage that the thermal stability and strength is improved.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises iron (Fe) in an amount of 1.0 to 8.0 wt.%, Based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the aluminum matrix comprises iron (Fe) in an amount of 2.0 to 7.0 wt%, and preferably in an amount of 4.0 to 6.0 wt%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix.
  • the alloying of iron (Fe) has the particular advantage that the thermal stability and strength is improved.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably, aluminum (Al), scandium (Sc) and copper (Cu) as matrix components. More preferably, the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, scandium (Sc) in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, for example from 0.1 to 0.3 wt .-%, copper (Cu) in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5 wt .-%, for example from 1.5 to 2.2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a 100.0 wt .-% compensating proportion of aluminum.
  • scandium (Sc) in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, for example from 0.1 to 0.3 wt .-%
  • copper (Cu) in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5 wt .-%, for example from 1.5 to 2.2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a 100.0
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, scandium (Sc) in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, for example from 0.1 to 0.3 wt .-%, copper (Cu) in an amount of 1.0 to 2.5 wt .-%, for example from 1.5 to 2.2 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a 100.0 wt .-% compensating proportion of aluminum with traces of contamination.
  • Sc scandium
  • Cu copper
  • the metal matrix composite comprises a matrix comprising, preferably, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) as matrix components. More preferably, the metal matrix composite comprises a matrix comprising, preferably, magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 wt%, for example, 0.8 to 1.5 wt%, silicon (Si) in an amount of 10.0 to 27.0% by weight, for example from 11.0 to 26.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a proportion of aluminum equalizing the 100.0% by weight.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably, magnesium (Mg) in an amount of 0.5 to 2.0 wt%, for example, 0.8 to 1.5 wt%, silicon (Si) in an amount of 10.0 to 27.0 wt .-%, for example, from 11.0 to 26.0 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a 100.0 wt .-% compensating content of aluminum with traces of contamination.
  • Mg magnesium
  • Si silicon
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, aluminum (Al) and scandium (Sc) as matrix components. More preferably, the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, scandium (Sc) in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, for example from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight or from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a proportion of aluminum equalizing the 100.0% by weight.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, scandium (Sc) in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, for example from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, or from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a proportion of contaminant trace aluminum equalizing 100.0% by weight.
  • Sc scandium
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, aluminum (Al), scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) as matrix components. More preferably, the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, scandium (Sc) in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, for example from 0.1 to 0.8% by weight or from 0.1 to 0.6% by weight, and zirconium (Zr) in an amount of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, for example from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight or from 0.3 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and one containing 100.0% by weight. % balancing share of aluminum.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, scandium (Sc) in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 wt .-%, for example from 0.1 to 0.8 wt .-% or from 0.1 to 0.6 wt .-%, and Zirconium (Zr) in an amount of from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, for example from 0.2 to 3.0% by weight or from 0.3 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and one containing 100.0% by weight compensating fraction of aluminum with traces of contamination.
  • Sc scandium
  • Zr Zirconium
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) as matrix components. Even more preferably, the metal matrix composite comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, copper (Cu) in an amount of from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, for example from 0.8 to 5.0% by weight or from 1.0 to 2.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a proportion of aluminum equalizing the 100.0% by weight.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, copper (Cu) in an amount of from 0.5 to 5.0% by weight, for example from 0.8 to 5.0% by weight or from 1.0 to 2.5% by weight on the total weight of the aluminum matrix, and a proportion of contaminant trace aluminum equalizing 100.0% by weight.
  • Cu copper
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises a matrix comprising, preferably consisting of, aluminum (Al) and at least one further component selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), silicon (Si), zirconium (Zr ) and nickel (Ni).
  • the metal matrix composite preferably comprises the aluminum matrix in an amount of from 40 to 88 percent by weight based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the aluminum matrix preferably comprises in an amount of 70 to 88 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the metal matrix Verbu ndwerkstoffes.
  • a further requirement of the present invention is in particular that particles comprising a metal boride are distributed in the aluminum matrix.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises the metal boride in a certain amount in order to ensure a high amount of boron and thus a high amount of "neutron catcher" in the material.
  • the amount of boron is in particular higher than the amount which is usually achieved with boron carbide (B 4 C) in appropriate materials.
  • the metal matrix composite contain the metal cation in an amount of 2 to 20% by weight, and boride in an amount of 10 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the metal matrix.
  • Composite material includes.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises the metal cation in an amount of from 2 to 10 wt%, and boride in an amount of from 10 to 20 wt%, based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix comprising a metal boride are preferably nanoparticles.
  • nanoparticles particles having particle sizes in the nanometer to the lower micrometer range.
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix comprising a metal boride comprise particles having a diameter in a range of 10 to 100,000 nm.
  • the particles comprising a metal boride dispersed in the aluminum matrix comprise particles having a diameter in a range of 15 to 10,000 nm, more preferably from 20 to 5,000 nm, and most preferably from 25 to 1,000 nm.
  • the use of nanoparticles has the advantage that this contributes to a more homogeneous distribution of the particles in the aluminum matrix.
  • the particles comprising a metal boride dispersed in the aluminum matrix are spherical, non-spherical or mixtures thereof.
  • the particles comprising a metal boride dispersed throughout the aluminum matrix are a mixture of spherical and non-spherical particles.
  • a spherical particle has an aspect ratio of 1.0 to 1.1.
  • Non-spherical particles are present at an aspect ratio different from spherical particles, i. the aspect ratio of the non-spherical particles is not from 1.0 to 1.1.
  • the diameter of the particles preferably refers to the shorter dimension.
  • the particles comprising a metal boride are homogeneously distributed in the aluminum matrix.
  • a Homogeneous distribution has the particular advantage that the metal boride evenly reinforces and solidifies the aluminum matrix.
  • the particles comprising a metal boride may be inhomogeneously distributed in the aluminum matrix.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises the particles dispersed in the aluminum matrix comprising a metal boride in an amount of from 12 to 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises the particles dispersed in the aluminum matrix comprising a metal boride in an amount of from 12 to 30 percent by weight based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix, comprising a metal boride preferably comprise an MB 6 -type metal boride, where M denotes a metal cation.
  • M may be a metal cation selected from the group consisting of calcium cation and / or lanthanum cation.
  • the use of a MB 6 -type metal boride has the advantage that the metal matrix composite comprises boron in a high amount, in particular in an amount which is higher than the amount usually achieved with boron carbide (B 4 C) in corresponding materials.
  • the particles dispersed in the aluminum matrix comprise calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) and / or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ).
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix therefore comprise calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ).
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix therefore comprise calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ).
  • the particles distributed in the aluminum matrix comprise calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ).
  • the particles dispersed in the aluminum matrix have a weight ratio of the isotopes 11 B to 10 B [ 11 B / 10 B] of 5: 1 to 3: 1.
  • the particles dispersed in the aluminum matrix have a weight ratio of isotopes 11 B to 10 B [ 11 B / 10 B] of about 4: 1.
  • the metal matrix composite material has a high heat resistance and thermal conductivity.
  • the metal matrix composite material has high heat resistance and heat conductivity over a period of more than 40 years, more preferably more than 50 years, and thus also has sufficient long-term durability.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of making such a metal matrix composite.
  • the metal matrix composite is preferably prepared by a method as described below.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for the cost-effective and simple production of the abovementioned metal matrix composite material.
  • a requirement of the method according to the invention is that an aluminum master alloy comprising a metal which is suitable for forming a metal boride is provided.
  • the provision of an aluminum master alloy has the advantage that the metal can be homogeneously distributed in the aluminum matrix and thus a sufficient reaction with boron to the metal boride can be ensured. Furthermore, the provision of an aluminum master alloy offers the advantage that easy handling is ensured.
  • Aluminum master alloys comprising a metal capable of forming a metal boride are known and commercially available, for example, from KBM Affilips B.V., The Netherlands.
  • an aluminum master alloy comprising a metal capable of forming an MB 6 -type metal boride, wherein M denotes a metal cation, is provided.
  • an aluminum master alloy comprising a metal selected from calcium and / or lanthanum is provided.
  • an aluminum master alloy comprising a metal selected from calcium and lanthanum is provided.
  • an aluminum master alloy comprising a metal selected from calcium or lanthanum is provided.
  • the aluminum master alloy comprises calcium.
  • the aluminum master alloy comprises the metal capable of forming a metal boride in an amount of from 5 to 50 percent by weight based on the total weight of the aluminum master alloy.
  • the preparation of the aluminum master alloy is carried out according to the methods known in the prior art. For example, the mixing of the metal with the aluminum takes place in the melt. With the help of this step, the metal can be homogeneously distributed in the aluminum to obtain the metal matrix composite.
  • the aluminum master alloy comprising a metal capable of forming a metal boride is provided in ingot or wire form.
  • step b) an aluminum master alloy comprising boron is provided.
  • Aluminum precursors comprising boron are known in the art.
  • the aluminum master alloy comprises boron in an amount of 5 to 50% by weight, based on the total weight of the aluminum master alloy.
  • the preparation of the aluminum master alloy is carried out according to the methods known in the prior art. For example, boron is added to the aluminum in the melt. With this step, boron can be homogeneously distributed in the aluminum to obtain the metal matrix composite.
  • the aluminum master alloy comprising boron is provided in ingot or wire form.
  • step c) a further requirement of the method according to the invention is that the aluminum master alloys from step a) and b) are melted.
  • Melting may be accomplished by a variety of different heat sources known in the art. Usually, the melts are produced in step c) in an oven, burner or by a laser beam, an electron beam or an arc. However, it is also possible to use a chemical, exothermic reaction, or the melts are produced capacitively, conductively or inductively. Any combination of these heat sources is also useful for making the melts.
  • the melting of the aluminum master alloys in step c) preferably takes place at a temperature of at least 900 ° C., preferably in a temperature range from 900 to 1500 ° C.
  • step d) the aluminum melts from step c) are brought into contact at a temperature of at least 900 ° C.
  • the contacting of the melts takes place in step d) by mixing the aluminum melts.
  • the aluminum melts are homogeneously mixed.
  • the mixing of the aluminum melts can be carried out according to prior art methods.
  • the melt of the aluminum master alloy comprising a metal capable of forming a metal boride may be stirred into the melt of the aluminum master alloy comprising boron, or vice versa.
  • the contacting of the melts in step d) takes place at a temperature of at least 900 ° C.
  • the contacting of the melts in step d) takes place at a temperature of 900 to 1500 ° C.
  • the contacting of the melts in step d) takes place at a temperature of 900 to 1,300 ° C.
  • Contacting the melts in step d) at a temperature of at least 900 ° C has the advantage that the metal and boron directly in the melt form a stable highly boron-containing phase of a metal boride, which solidifies the aluminum matrix as a particulate phase.
  • the contacting of the melts in step d) can be carried out, for example, under air, inert gas or in vacuo.
  • the contacting of the melts in step d) is preferably carried out under protective gas.
  • step c) and step d) occur at the same temperature.
  • the contacting of the melts in step d) takes place immediately after step c), i. the contacting of the melts in step d) is carried out directly with the aluminum melts obtained in step c).
  • the method according to the invention is carried out between the method steps c) and d) without one or more further method steps.
  • the metal matrix composite obtained in step d) may be subjected to cooling.
  • the cooling of the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) takes place at a temperature below the temperature used in step d).
  • the cooling of the obtained in step d) metal matrix composite material in a solid state for example, to a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C, preferably at room temperature, ie a temperature of 10 to 28 ° C. Cooling down to a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C is preferably carried out when the obtained metal matrix composite material comprises no further components as alloying element (s).
  • the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) is preferably cooled to a temperature of ⁇ T liquidus of the alloy melt .
  • the alloying of the at least one further component is possible only in the melt.
  • the metal matrix composite obtained in step d) is therefore preferably cooled to a temperature between 750 ° C and T liquidus , more preferably to a temperature between 750 ° C and 850 ° C.
  • the cooling of the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) to a temperature below the temperature used in step d) with a cooling rate, the ⁇ 1 K / sec, and preferably ⁇ 1 to 20 K / sec is.
  • a cooling rate the ⁇ 1 K / sec, and preferably ⁇ 1 to 20 K / sec.
  • a defined cooling of the metal matrix composite material can take place with the aid of cooling in agitated air.
  • the metal matrix composite material comprises at least one further component as alloying element (s)
  • this can be distributed after cooling of the metal matrix composite material to a temperature of ⁇ T liquidus in the melt of the metal matrix composite material.
  • the at least one further component is homogeneously distributed in the melt of the metal matrix composite material.
  • the distribution of the at least one further component in the melt of the metal matrix composite material can be carried out according to prior art methods.
  • the obtained metal matrix composite material can be subjected to a further cooling.
  • the metal matrix composite material is cooled to a solid state ( T ⁇ T solids ), preferably to a temperature of .ltoreq.100.degree.
  • T ⁇ T solids a solid state
  • the cooling of the metal matrix composite material is carried out to a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C. with a cooling rate which is ⁇ 10 K / sec, and preferably ⁇ 10 to 20 K / sec.
  • the cooling of the metal matrix composite material to a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C with a cooling rate in a range of ⁇ 20 K / sec or in a range of 20 K / sec to 1000 K / sec.
  • Such methods of cooling metal matrix composites are known in the art.
  • a defined cooling of the metal matrix composite material into a solid state can take place by means of cooling in agitated air or by quenching in water.
  • the cooling of the metal matrix composite material, after the at least one further component has been alloyed, takes place in a solid state ( T ⁇ T solids ) in the air.
  • the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) can be subjected to further process steps.
  • the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) may be subjected to a process selected from the group consisting of forging processes, casting processes, continuous casting processes, rolling processes and extrusion processes. These methods are known in the art.
  • the metal matrix composite obtained in step d) is subjected to a continuous casting process.
  • the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) is preferably subjected to the further process step, preferably the continuous casting process, before cooling.
  • the metal matrix composite material obtained in step d) is preferably subjected to the further process step, for example the continuous casting process, after the at least one further component has been alloyed.
  • the obtained metal matrix composite material is preferably subjected to the further process step, for example the continuous casting process, after the at least one further component has been alloyed and before cooling.
  • the cooling of the obtained in step d) metal matrix composite material in a solid state (T ⁇ T solids ), for example, to a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C, preferably at room temperature, ie a temperature of 10 to 28 ° C.
  • the obtained metal matrix composite material can be obtained in the form of ingots.
  • the metal matrix composite is preferably at a temperature between 750 ° C and T liquidus , more preferably to a temperature between 750 ° C and 850 ° C, heated. After heating the metal matrix composite to a temperature between 750 ° C. and T liquidus, it is possible to alloy the at least one further component as alloying element (e).
  • the metal matrix composite material thus obtained comprising at least one further component as alloying element (s), can subsequently be subjected to at least one further process step, for example the continuous casting process.
  • the continuous casting method has the advantage that the resulting metal matrix composite is cooled, for example, to a solid state (T ⁇ T so-lids ), preferably to a temperature of ⁇ 100 ° C, more preferably to room temperature, ie, a temperature of 10 to 28 ° C.
  • the obtained metal matrix composite material can then be subjected to a process selected from the group comprising forging processes, casting processes, continuous casting processes, rolling processes and extrusion processes, preferably extrusion processes, in a further process step. These methods are known in the art.
  • the present invention also relates to an article comprising the metal matrix composite. Due to the high boron content and thus its high amount of neutron scavenger, its high heat resistance and thermal conductivity and high long-term stability, the metal matrix composite material according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of storage containers for radioactive (still weak) radiating nuclear fuel rods.
  • the article is therefore preferably a storage container for radioactive nuclear fuel rods.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a Metal boride MB from 6 type in a storage container for radioactive radiating nuclear fuel rods.
  • the metal boride is preferably in the form of nanoparticles.
  • the particles preferably have a diameter in a range of 10 to 100,000 nm.
  • the particles have a diameter in a range of 15 to 10,000 nm, more preferably 20 to 5,000 nm, and most preferably 25 to 1,000 nm ,
  • the particles of the metal boride are spherical, non-spherical or mixtures thereof.
  • the particles of the metal boride are a mixture of spherical and non-spherical particles.
  • the particles of the metal boride are homogeneously distributed in the aluminum matrix.
  • the particles of metal boride may be inhomogeneously distributed in the aluminum matrix.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises the metal boride in an amount of from 12 to 60 percent by weight based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the metal matrix composite comprises the metal boride in an amount of 12 to 30 weight percent, based on the total weight of the metal matrix composite.
  • the metal boride is a MB 6 -type metal boride, where M denotes a metal cation.
  • M may be a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium and / or lanthanum.
  • the use of MB 6 -type metal boride has the advantage that the metal matrix composite comprises boron in a high amount, in particular in an amount which is higher than the amount usually achieved with boron carbide (B 4 C) in corresponding materials, and thus provides a high amount of "neutron scavenger".
  • the metal boride is calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) and / or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ).
  • the metal boride is calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) and lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ).
  • the metal boride is calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ) or lanthanum hexaboride (LaB 6 ).
  • the metal boride is calcium hexaboride (CaB 6 ).
  • the metal boride has a weight ratio of isotopes 11 B to 10 B [ 11 B / 10 B] of 5: 1 to 3: 1.
  • the metal boride has a weight ratio of the isotopes 11 B to 10 B [ 11 B / 10 B] of about 4: 1.

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EP15001849.7A 2015-06-23 2015-06-23 Matière à base d'aluminium modifiée par du borure de metal pour le stockage de tiges de combustible nucleaire irradié et sa fabrication Withdrawn EP3109332A1 (fr)

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EP15001849.7A EP3109332A1 (fr) 2015-06-23 2015-06-23 Matière à base d'aluminium modifiée par du borure de metal pour le stockage de tiges de combustible nucleaire irradié et sa fabrication
PCT/EP2016/064481 WO2016207254A1 (fr) 2015-06-23 2016-06-22 Matériau à base d'aluminium modifié par du borure métallique pour le stockage de barres de combustible nucléaire épuisé et fabrication dudit matériau

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Cited By (2)

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EP3870728A4 (fr) * 2018-10-26 2022-10-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nano-traitement d'alliages d'aluminium à haute résistance pour procédés de fabrication
RU2840328C1 (ru) * 2024-03-11 2025-05-21 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов "Прометей" имени И.В. Горынина Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ЦНИИ КМ "Прометей") Конструкционный радиационно-защитный алюминиевый сплав

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DE102006023041A1 (de) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Partikelverstärkte Magnesium- oder Aluminiumlegierung
DE102011120988A1 (de) 2011-12-13 2013-06-13 Daimler Ag Flächiges Halbzeug aus einer Aluminiummatrixverbundlegierung mit Borcarbid-Partikeln zur Herstellung einer mit Borcarbid-Partikeln angereicherten Platte und Herstellungsverfahren
WO2014061494A1 (fr) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Matériau aluminium qui contient du bore et procédé permettant de produire ce dernier
US20150151360A1 (en) * 2012-05-24 2015-06-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) Method for manufacturing boron-containing aluminum plate material

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DE60213830T2 (de) * 2001-09-24 2007-02-22 Saffil Ltd., Widnes Verbundwerkstoffe mit metallischer Matrix aus Al, Mg, oder Ti mit Calciumhexaborid
DE102006023041A1 (de) * 2006-05-17 2007-11-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Partikelverstärkte Magnesium- oder Aluminiumlegierung
DE102011120988A1 (de) 2011-12-13 2013-06-13 Daimler Ag Flächiges Halbzeug aus einer Aluminiummatrixverbundlegierung mit Borcarbid-Partikeln zur Herstellung einer mit Borcarbid-Partikeln angereicherten Platte und Herstellungsverfahren
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WO2014061494A1 (fr) * 2012-10-17 2014-04-24 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Matériau aluminium qui contient du bore et procédé permettant de produire ce dernier

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3870728A4 (fr) * 2018-10-26 2022-10-19 The Regents Of The University Of California Nano-traitement d'alliages d'aluminium à haute résistance pour procédés de fabrication
US12297522B2 (en) 2018-10-26 2025-05-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Nano-treatment of high strength aluminum alloys for manufacturing processes
RU2840328C1 (ru) * 2024-03-11 2025-05-21 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт конструкционных материалов "Прометей" имени И.В. Горынина Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ЦНИИ КМ "Прометей") Конструкционный радиационно-защитный алюминиевый сплав

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