EP3140519B1 - Procédé et système de fonctionnement d'une centrale à vapeur avec un dispositif de traitement thermique de l'eau - Google Patents

Procédé et système de fonctionnement d'une centrale à vapeur avec un dispositif de traitement thermique de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3140519B1
EP3140519B1 EP15724551.5A EP15724551A EP3140519B1 EP 3140519 B1 EP3140519 B1 EP 3140519B1 EP 15724551 A EP15724551 A EP 15724551A EP 3140519 B1 EP3140519 B1 EP 3140519B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
raw water
water
evaporator
carrier gas
steam
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Not-in-force
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EP15724551.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3140519A1 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Tremel
Markus Ziegmann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Publication of EP3140519A1 publication Critical patent/EP3140519A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for operating a steam turbine plant in combination with a thermal water treatment plant for the purification of condensate from the exhaust gas of a steam turbine process.
  • Steam power plants are the predominant type of power plants for power generation. High demands are placed on the water quality of the boiler feed water of the water cycle of such power plants. When evaporating the boiler feed water to steam, depending on the design, liquid water is completely transferred to the gas phase on hot surfaces. All non-volatile boiler feedwater components are deposited on this hot surface. Disadvantageously, these deposits hinder the heat transfer or lead to mechanical failure of, for example, valves. Furthermore, many inorganic constituents in the boiler feed water cause the corrosion tendency of the components in the steam cycle to increase even further. This can lead to stress cracks in components, in particular components made of steel.
  • the object is achieved by means of a method according to claim 1 and by means of an arrangement according to claim 9.
  • the inventive method for operating a steam turbine plant in combination with a thermal water treatment plant comprises several steps. First, steam is condensed from a steam turbine plant in a first condenser to raw water. At least a portion of the raw water is added with a carrier gas in a vaporizer, wherein in the evaporator between raw water and the carrier gas, a mass transfer and a heat transfer take place. The raw water and the carrier gas are passed in the evaporator in countercurrent. In this case, the carrier gas is heated in the evaporator and pure water is taken up from the raw water of the carrier gas.
  • the raw water cools down and the impurities, especially the low-volatile impurities, concentrate in the raw water.
  • the raw water with the concentrated impurities is collected after the evaporator in a tank.
  • the loaded with pure water Carrier gas is fed into a second condenser.
  • the purified water is condensed from the carrier gas, and the second condenser is cooled with raw water from the tank.
  • the purified water is then returned to a steam cycle.
  • the preheated in the second condenser raw water is fed to a first heater, with heat from the steam turbine plant or the steam cycle passes to the preheated raw water.
  • the preheated raw water is then passed from the heater in the evaporator.
  • the arrangement for operating a steam turbine plant in combination with a thermal water treatment plant comprises a first condenser for condensing water vapor from the steam turbine plant to raw water. Furthermore, it comprises a Verdunster for operation with raw water and a carrier gas, wherein takes place in the evaporator material and heat transfer. Furthermore, the arrangement comprises a tank for collecting the raw water concentrated with impurities. The arrangement further comprises a second condenser for condensing the pure water from the carrier gas after the evaporator. The arrangement also includes at least one steam turbine for operation with at least a portion of the purified water.
  • the method and the arrangement advantageously use both heat from the steam turbine process and the steam cycle, in particular the steam generator, as well as components of the exhaust gas of the steam turbine, in particular the water vapor.
  • the evaporation of the raw water from the exhaust gas of the steam turbine works on the principle of forced convection.
  • the raw water cooled second capacitor advantageously provides for the recovery of the heat of evaporation.
  • the water and the carrier gas are advantageously conducted in countercurrent through the evaporator. The temperature of the carrier gas increases during the countercurrent process, while the temperature of the raw water decreases. At an altitude or a separation stage of the evaporator, the air temperature is lower as the temperature of the raw water.
  • a low electrical energy requirement and low other operating costs of the cleaning process of the boiler feed water of the steam turbine is achieved by the coupling of the heat flows. Furthermore, it is possible with the method, regardless of the quality of the raw water, as a product of fully desalted water, which has been purified from poorly volatile components, to obtain a consistent product quality.
  • heat must be provided only at a low temperature level. The water treatment comes with almost no additional electrical energy input.
  • the required thermal energy is advantageously taken from the steam turbine plant or the steam cycle.
  • the steam cycle typically includes at least one steam generator, multiple condensers, and heaters.
  • the raw water comprises ammonia as a conditioning agent for the boiler feed water for the steam turbine process.
  • the pH of the raw water before the evaporator is adjusted so acidic that the ammonia remains in the evaporator in the raw water.
  • Ammonia by itself is a volatile component.
  • Ammonia in water can be conditioned so that the ammonia is present as an ammonium ion. This is the case for low pHs of at least one pH unit below the pKa of ammonia of 9.2. If ammonia is hydrolyzed in water as an ammonium ion, it loses its volatility. This allows it to be separated in the evaporator, as it does not pass into the gas phase.
  • ammonia should also be present in the water after the purification in order to influence the corrosion properties of the water.
  • the pH is selected to be so high that it is above the pKa value of the ammonia, so that it is volatile and merges with the carrier gas and thus recovered with the purified water in the condenser can be.
  • conditioned water is already available as boiler feed water.
  • fresh raw water is added to the tank.
  • This raw water is in particular water from the condensate of the exhaust gas of the steam turbine.
  • the raw water can also be river water, seawater or wastewater or come from another source of water.
  • the process of evaporation makes it possible to use heavily polluted wastewater.
  • Even more water can be supplied to the process.
  • the temperature of the raw water in the evaporator of 60 ° C to 100 ° C. Due to this low temperature level, it is advantageously possible to heat the raw water only by means of the waste heat of the steam cycle, in particular of the steam generator, or of the exhaust gas of the steam turbine. This is advantageous very energy efficient.
  • the heater is operated with the heat of the exhaust gas of a steam generator of the steam turbine process.
  • the water treatment is thus advantageously almost without additional electrical energy input.
  • the required thermal energy is advantageously removed completely from the steam cycle or the exhaust gas of the steam turbine process.
  • the evaporator is a falling film evaporator or a trickle flow evaporator.
  • the boundary surface between the carrier gas, in particular air, and the raw water is advantageously particularly large in order to allow material and heat transfer.
  • the carrier gas from bottom to top, the raw water is passed from top to bottom.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement 1 with a coupling of the steam turbine power plant with the thermal water treatment arrangement 5.
  • the steam generator 4 generates by means of heat supply 12, typically an external heat source, live steam 7 from boiler feed water 14.
  • the live steam 7 is then passed into the turbine 2 for power generation.
  • the exhaust gas 6, which is formed in the steam generation 4 is passed to a heater 15, which heats the raw water 10 of the thermal water treatment assembly 5.
  • the steam 8 leaves the turbine 2 and is then condensed in a first condenser 3 to condensate 9. Part of this condensate 9 is passed as raw water 10 in the thermal water treatment 5. It is also possible to lead the entire condensate 9 into the thermal water treatment 5.
  • thermal water treatment 5 additional fresh raw water 11 can be added from another external source. This can be, for example, sea or river water.
  • raw water 19 concentrated with impurities leaves the thermal water treatment arrangement 5.
  • purified water 22 leaves the thermal water treatment arrangement 5.
  • the boiler feed water 14 is then in turn fed to the steam generator 4.
  • a purified proportion of boiler feed water 14 with a non-purified portion of condensate 9 mixed to boiler feed water 14 become.
  • heat can also be removed at various points of the steam cycle, in the case of several turbine stages and between stages, to heat the heater 15.
  • FIG. 2 shows the thermal water treatment assembly 5 in detail.
  • the core of the thermal water treatment arrangement 5 is the evaporator.
  • a Rieselstromverdunster 16 is used in particular.
  • the raw water 10 to be cleaned flows from top to bottom through a structured Verdunsterpackung.
  • the air 13 as a carrier gas is passed from bottom to top through the Rieselstromverdunster 16.
  • the temperatures in the Rieselstromverdunster 16 are in a range between 60 C and 100 ° C.
  • the Rieselstromverdunster 16 works by means of convective assisted evaporation of water.
  • the pure water evaporates into the countercurrent air 13 and can then be condensed again in a second condenser 17 and fed as clean water 22 back into the steam generator 4.
  • the second condenser 17 is cooled with raw water 10.
  • the already heated raw water 18 is then passed through the heater 15 to bring the raw water to the temperature required in Rieselstromverdunster 16.
  • the raw water 18 is then trickled over a suitable evaporator material.
  • materials in particular structured packings of plastic, metal or cellulose with a specific surface area of 100 m 2 / m 3 to 300 m 2 / m 3 are used.
  • the Rieselstromverdunster 16 is operated in countercurrent. That is, the temperature of the downflowing raw water 18 drops from the head to the bottom of Rieselstromverdunsters 16 because the water is extracted by evaporation and air heating energy. By contrast, the temperature of the countercurrent air rises from the foot to the head of the trickle flow evaporator 16. On a separation stage, that is at an altitude in Rieselstromverdunster 16, the temperature of the air always remains lower than the temperature of the raw water. Thus, the heat transfer from the falling water to the rising air, and according to the rising temperature, the air in the upper part of the Rieselstromverdunster 16 absorb more water vapor.
  • the raw water 19 concentrated with impurities is partly put into a tank 20 for storage, partly it is conveyed out of the system.
  • the tank 20 is filled with fresh raw water 11.
  • the fresh raw water 11 may on the one hand be the condensed water from the turbine 2, but on the other hand also water from other water sources, such as river water, seawater or sewage treatment plant.
  • the advantage of the evaporation process used is that even the treatment of heavily polluted waste water is possible.
  • the boiler feed water 14 is typically conditioned prior to steam generation to operate the steam turbine such that the tendency to corrosion decreases. This happens, for example, with the addition of volatile alkalizing agents, in particular of ammonia.
  • volatile alkalizing agents in particular of ammonia.
  • usual ammonia concentrations range from 0.5 mg / L to 1 mg / L (with the addition of phosphate) or> 5 mg / L (without added phosphate).
  • ammonia can lead to corrosion, in particular due to the formation of ammonium salts, in the heat-steam circuit. Therefore, depending on the driving style, it may be necessary to remove ammonia in the thermal water treatment assembly 5 from the system.
  • Ammonia is a volatile component and would pass into the vapor phase in Rieselstromverdunster 16 without conditioning the raw water and so burden the purified water.
  • the pH of the raw water 18 is adjusted to be at least one pH unit below the pKa of ammonia of 9.2. In this pH range, the ammonia is present as ammonium ion in water. The ammonium ion is hydrolyzed and thereby little fleeting. Thus, it does not go into the gas phase in Rieselstromverdunster 16, but leaves the Rieselstromverdunster 16 with the concentrated raw water 19th Ammonia can then be added to the boiler feed water 14 in the desired concentration.
  • a pH may be selected that is at least one pH unit above the pKa of 9.2.
  • the ammonia can be fed into the second condenser 17 together with the air 21 charged with the purified water.
  • This water can be returned directly as a conditioned boiler feed water 14 in the steam cycle of the turbine 2.
  • ammonia is enriched in the condensate of the water treatment plant due to its high vapor pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation à turbine à vapeur en combinaison avec une installation (5) thermique de traitement des eaux, comprenant les stades suivants :
    - condensation de vapeur d'eau de l'installation à turbine à vapeur en eau brute dans un premier condenseur (3),
    - addition d'un gaz (13) porteur et au moins d'une partie de l'eau (10) brute à un évaporateur (16), un échange de matière et de chaleur ayant lieu dans l'évaporateur (16) entre l'eau (10) brute et le gaz (13) porteur,
    - envoi de l'eau (10) brute et du gaz (13) porteur à contre-courant dans l'évaporateur (16), le gaz (13) porteur s'échauffant dans l'évaporateur (16) et absorbant de l'eau pure de l'eau (10) brute et l'eau (10) brute se refroidissant et les impuretés se concentrant,
    - collecte de l'eau (10) brute avec les impuretés (19) concentrées, après l'évaporateur (16), dans une cuve (20),
    - envoi du gaz (21) porteur chargé d'eau pure dans un deuxième condenseur (17),
    - condensation d'eau (22) épurée à partir du gaz (21) porteur dans le deuxième condenseur (17), le deuxième condenseur (17) étant refroidi par l'eau (10) brute provenant de la cuve (20),
    - envoi de l'eau (22) épurée dans un circuit de vapeur d'eau de l'installation (2) à turbine à vapeur,
    - envoi de l'eau (18) brute préchauffée du deuxième condenseur (17) à un premier dispositif (15) de chauffage, de la chaleur passant de l'installation à turbine à vapeur, ou du circuit de vapeur d'eau, à l'eau (18) brute préchauffée,
    - envoi de l'eau (18) brute préchauffée du dispositif (15) de chauffage à l'évaporateur (16).
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'eau (10) brute comprend de l'ammoniac et le pH de l'eau (10) brute est réglé de manière acide, de façon à ce que l'ammoniac reste dans l'eau (10) brute dans l'évaporateur (16).
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'eau (10) brute comprend de l'ammoniac et le pH de l'eau (10) brute est réglé de manière basique, de façon à ce que l'ammoniac passe dans le gaz (13) porteur.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on ajoute de l'eau (11) brute fraîche dans la cuve (20).
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 4, dans lequel l'eau (11) brute fraîche est de l'eau de condensat provenant du gaz d'échappement de la turbine à vapeur, de l'eau fluviale, de l'eau de mer ou de l'eau résiduaire.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la température de l'eau (18) brute, dans l'évaporateur (16), est dans la plage allant de 60°C à 100°C.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on fait fonctionner le dispositif (15) de chauffage par la chaleur des gaz (6) perdus d'un générateur (4) de vapeur du circuit de vapeur d'eau.
  8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on utilise de l'air comme gaz (13) porteur.
  9. Système pour faire fonctionner une installation à turbine à vapeur en combinaison avec une installation (5) thermique de traitement des eaux, comprenant
    - un premier condenseur (3) pour condenser de la vapeur d'eau de l'installation à turbine à vapeur en eau (10) brute,
    - un évaporateur (16) destiné à fonctionner avec de l'eau (10) brute et un gaz (13) porteur, une transmission de matière et de chaleur ayant lieu dans l'évaporateur (16), et dans lequel le gaz (13) porteur s'échauffe dans l'évaporateur (16) et absorbe de l'eau pure de l'eau (10) brute et l'eau (10) brute se refroidit et les impuretés se concentrent,
    - une cuve (20) de réception de l'eau (19) brute concentrée en impuretés,
    - un deuxième condenseur (17) pour condenser l'eau propre à partir du gaz (21) porteur après l'évaporateur (16),
    - au moins une turbine (2) à vapeur, destinée à fonctionner avec au moins une partie de l'eau (22) épurée.
  10. Système suivant la revendication 9, dans lequel l'évaporateur est un évaporateur à flot descendant ou un évaporateur (16) à courant ruisselant.
EP15724551.5A 2014-08-29 2015-05-11 Procédé et système de fonctionnement d'une centrale à vapeur avec un dispositif de traitement thermique de l'eau Not-in-force EP3140519B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014217280.2A DE102014217280A1 (de) 2014-08-29 2014-08-29 Verfahren und Anordnung einer Dampfturbinenanlage in Kombination mit einer thermischen Wasseraufbereitung
PCT/EP2015/060321 WO2016030029A1 (fr) 2014-08-29 2015-05-11 Dispositif et ensemble pour faire fonctionner une installation de turbine à vapeur en combinaison avec une installation de traitement d'eau thermique

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EP3140519A1 EP3140519A1 (fr) 2017-03-15
EP3140519B1 true EP3140519B1 (fr) 2018-07-25

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EP15724551.5A Not-in-force EP3140519B1 (fr) 2014-08-29 2015-05-11 Procédé et système de fonctionnement d'une centrale à vapeur avec un dispositif de traitement thermique de l'eau

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US (1) US20170306799A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3140519B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101915066B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106605042B (fr)
DE (1) DE102014217280A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016030029A1 (fr)

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DE102014220666A1 (de) 2014-10-13 2016-04-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Kühlung einer thermischen Aufbereitungsanlage mittels Verdunstung
WO2017157488A1 (fr) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Réduction d'ammonium dans les eaux usées de centrales électriques
WO2017157487A1 (fr) * 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Traitement d'eaux usées
DE102016214019A1 (de) * 2016-07-29 2018-02-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung zum Abtrennen von Produktwasser aus verunreinigtem Rohwasser und Verfahren zum Betrieb dieser Vorrichtung
DE102016218347A1 (de) 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Kraftwerksanlage
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DE102022109435A1 (de) 2022-04-19 2023-10-19 Oliver Kerschgens System zur wasseraufbereitung und entsalzung

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Publication number Publication date
DE102014217280A1 (de) 2016-03-03
EP3140519A1 (fr) 2017-03-15
US20170306799A1 (en) 2017-10-26
WO2016030029A1 (fr) 2016-03-03
KR20170044734A (ko) 2017-04-25
CN106605042B (zh) 2018-05-11
CN106605042A (zh) 2017-04-26
KR101915066B1 (ko) 2018-11-05

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