EP3147041A1 - Procédé et appareil de cintrage d'un produit semi-fini métallique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de cintrage d'un produit semi-fini métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3147041A1
EP3147041A1 EP16189438.1A EP16189438A EP3147041A1 EP 3147041 A1 EP3147041 A1 EP 3147041A1 EP 16189438 A EP16189438 A EP 16189438A EP 3147041 A1 EP3147041 A1 EP 3147041A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bending
punch
die
roughened surface
radius
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16189438.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3147041B1 (fr
Inventor
Marcus Albert
Damian Gil
Alfred Zimmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoermann Automotive Gustavsburg GmbH
Hoermann Automotive Penzberg GmbH
Original Assignee
Hoermann Automotive Gustavsburg GmbH
Hoermann Automotive Penzberg GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoermann Automotive Gustavsburg GmbH, Hoermann Automotive Penzberg GmbH filed Critical Hoermann Automotive Gustavsburg GmbH
Priority to PL16189438T priority Critical patent/PL3147041T3/pl
Publication of EP3147041A1 publication Critical patent/EP3147041A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3147041B1 publication Critical patent/EP3147041B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/02—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves on press brakes without making use of clamping means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/02—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves on press brakes without making use of clamping means
    • B21D5/0209—Tools therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for bending a metallic semi-finished product, a device for bending a metallic semi-finished product and a metallic component.
  • Bending is a common method for forming metal parts, in particular of sheet metal parts, dar. This is understood by the standard DIN 8586 "the bending deformation of a solid body, wherein the plastic state is brought about essentially by a bending stress.”
  • a workpiece for example a blank or other semi-finished product
  • Bending forming is typically performed as cold forming, but is also possible as hot forming at elevated workpiece temperatures.
  • a variety of different methods are known in the art, the o.g. Norm primarily after the tool movement is different.
  • the bending die here forms a die with a normally V-shaped or U-shaped opening into which the workpiece is pressed by means of the punch.
  • the process types free bending, bending (stamping bending) and three-point bending differ, which all have in common that the workpiece initially on the bending die, more precisely on the edges, rests and in an intermediate, initially relatively small area (or quasi line-shaped) area comes into contact with the punch.
  • This area can be referred to as the working edge (or lower edge or bending edge) of the punch.
  • the bending punch has an approximately wedge-shaped or triangular cross-section, at least in the region in which the contact with the workpiece takes place. in the Further course, the application of force to the workpiece by the bending punch causes the workpiece to plastically deform in the region of the forming zone near the working edge.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve the precision and process stability when bending in the die.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, a device according to claim 8 and a metallic workpiece according to claim 9.
  • the invention provides a method for bending a metallic semifinished product.
  • the semifinished product here is metallic in the sense that it consists at least predominantly of metal, it being conceivable that it carries an at least partially non-metallic coating.
  • the metallic semifinished product may in particular be a sheet metal part, for example a printed circuit board which has been cut by a coil. As a rule, the metallic semifinished product consists at least predominantly of steel.
  • the procedure is carried out with a punch and a die.
  • the bending punch has a bending edge forming a radius region as well as adjacent thereto on both sides leg portions.
  • the bending punch is basically constructed in a known manner and usually consists mainly of metal, for example. Steel.
  • the radius range corresponds in the operating state usually the lower edge of the punch and represents the area, at least the minimum possible inner bending radius defined.
  • the radius region has a curved surface, wherein the curvature is generally uniform and can be characterized by a single radius, although in principle deviations from this would be conceivable within the scope of the invention.
  • working edge here is an edge of the bending punch around which a workpiece is bent.
  • the radius range also defines a bending axis, ie the axis along which the bending of a workpiece takes place.
  • the leg areas which can also be referred to as flanks, adjoin the radius area on both sides, whereby they naturally adjoin the radius area transversely to the direction of travel of the working edge.
  • the limbs of the bent workpiece adjoining the bent region can come to rest.
  • the surfaces of the leg portions of the punch are formed straight or flat.
  • the leg portions preferably extend at an angle to each other, so that normally results in a total of a wedge-shaped cross-section, in which the radius region forms the tip of the wedge.
  • the die forms in a known manner a die with a recess, is predetermined by the shape of at least a maximum possible deformation of the semifinished product.
  • the bending punch and the die in this case form parts of a bending device, for example a die bending press or a bending tool. You can hereby firmly integrated into the bending device or be designed as modules that can be replaced as needed.
  • the semifinished product is pressed into the matrix by application of force by the bending punch and deformed between the punch and the die.
  • the workpiece normally initially rests on the die and initially there is contact between the radius region of the punch and the semifinished product.
  • the bending punch also remains in contact with the semifinished product, at least with the radius region, during the further course of the bending process.
  • the process according to the invention is hereby preferably designed as a cold forming process, i. the semifinished product is not specifically heated to prepare for the bending process. Alternatively, it is also possible to carry out a hot-forming process.
  • the bending punch has a roughened surface extending at least over part of the radius region.
  • “Roughened” here means that in As part of the manufacturing process in the aforementioned surface targeted higher roughness was set. This can be achieved by various measures, which are discussed below.
  • R a As a measure of the roughness in particular the so-called “average roughness” R a can be used. This corresponds to the arithmetic mean of the absolute deviation of the height values of all measuring points of an area from the center line (the center line being the arithmetic mean of the height values of all measuring points).
  • the roughness of said surface may be greater than the roughness of adjacent surface portions of the punch or the roughness of the surface of the die.
  • the roughness of the roughened surface may preferably be greater than the roughness of the semifinished product to be bent. At least portions of the roughened surface of the punch will be in contact with the stock at the beginning of the bending process, with the increased roughness providing increased friction which minimizes undesirable relative movement of the stock against the punch.
  • the raised surface structures of the roughened surface can be transferred to the semifinished product, so that a plastic deformation of the surface of the semifinished product and an effective toothing takes place.
  • the roughened surface (as a kind of negative mold) forms in the surface of the semifinished product.
  • the extent to which this happens depends on the one hand on the applied pressure, on the other hand on the ratio of the hardness of the two surfaces.
  • the roughened surface may be continuous or non-contiguous, or a plurality of roughened surfaces may be provided.
  • the roughness may be constant within the roughened surface, but again some areas may be roughened more than others. Overall, the roughness as needed, ie depending on the extent to which a relative movement is to be feared, are widely chosen.
  • the set surface roughness is usually selected depending on the bending task. Typically, the average roughness is in the micrometer range or below, for example, between 0.1 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m.
  • the leg regions can in principle include a wide variety of angles, but in practice, bending angles are normally between 10 ° and 170 °, thus providing at least an upper limit for the angle between the leg regions.
  • both leg portions may be inclined at 45 °, or e.g. one at an inclination of 30 ° and the other an inclination of 60 °.
  • the roughening according to the invention can be advantageous, in particular in asymmetrical embodiments, since in these cases there is also an asymmetrical force distribution which can increase the risk of a displacement.
  • the method can be carried out as free bending or as three-point bending.
  • the semi-finished product is only bent so far that it does not reach the bottom of the die, that is, it rests only on the edges thereof. That is, the legs of the semifinished product do not come into contact with the flanks of the die.
  • the semifinished product is bent so far that it touches the matrix on the one hand at the edges and on the other hand in between in the region which lies opposite the radius region of the bending punch.
  • the die normally has a U-shaped opening. In the method according to the invention, however, it is preferred that a bending takes place, with the bending punch and the die enclosing the semi-finished product at least predominantly without a gap.
  • This method allows the highest precision, since the set shape of the semi-finished product (apart from recovery processes) is completely determined by the matched shape of the punch and die. That is, the shape of the punch and the die are selected so that at the final pressure of the bending process, the semi-finished product is enclosed between the two and thus calibrated or embossed. Normally, there are no gaps between the die and semi-finished product nor between the punch and the semi-finished product.
  • the method is also called embossing bending, especially at high final pressures. It comes here to a flat contact between the workpiece and the die, while both in the free bending and the three-point bending, the contact is substantially linear.
  • the die has surface areas that correspond to the leg areas and the radius area of the punch, wherein in the latter case, a radius must be provided by the die, which is greater by the thickness of the semi-finished than the radius range.
  • the roughened surface is arranged at least predominantly in the radius region, at most smaller parts of said surface lie outside the radius region.
  • the roughened surface is limited to the radius range. That is, at least portions of the radius region have a higher roughness than the leg regions adjacent the radius region. The latter normally have no special requirements regarding the surface roughness due to the process and can be made smooth, as is known in the prior art for stamping dies. Of course, the entire radius area can also be roughened. It has been found that it is sufficient for a reliable bending process, if you provide the roughened surface only within the radius range.
  • the roughened surface along the working edge i.e., along the running direction of the working edge
  • the roughened surface along the working edge is confined to a central region, leaving end portions. That is, said end portions, so to speak, the ends of the punch, have no roughened surface. This reduces the risk of any crack propagation under operating load due to the surface structure.
  • the middle area in between is completely or partially roughened.
  • This embodiment can in particular with the o.g. Be combined design so that the roughened surface is limited to a central region of the radius range.
  • the end regions can occupy a relatively small part of the length (that is, the extent along the working edge) of the bending punch, the exact amount of which can be defined in an application-specific manner. For example, it may be at most 10% or at most 5%.
  • the roughened surface may be formed by a priming, reshaping and / or abrasive surface profile.
  • the surface profile here is usually the profile of the surface of the body of the punch, which is usually made of steel.
  • the desired surface profile could have been produced directly during prototyping of the stamp or in a subsequent forming step (eg by means of hot forming).
  • the shape of the punch as in the prior art Technique known by mechanical machining (milling or the like) set before a surface finish takes place.
  • Those parts that are to be roughened may be subjected to abrasive machining, creating a surface profile. Subsequently, a compensation of the surface can be done.
  • "machining" as well as a machining, as well as a chemical, electrochemical and / or thermal removal are referred to.
  • a sinking erosion can take place.
  • the roughened surface is formed by a coating with hard material particles.
  • hard-material particles are, in particular, those particles which have a higher hardness than the semi-finished product to be processed.
  • Such particles may, for example, consist of diamond, boron nitride, silicon carbide or other known hard materials.
  • the binding of the particles to the surface of the punch can be effected via a binder (for example a synthetic resin) or in that galvanically metal is deposited, whereby the particles combine with the surface. Other methods are conceivable.
  • the inventive method is particularly suitable for semi-finished products, such as sheet metal blanks, of greater thickness.
  • the semifinished product therefore has a thickness between 1 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 12 mm, more preferably between 5 mm and 10 mm, particularly preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm.
  • This information relates in particular to steel blanks.
  • the thickness of the semi-finished product to be formed requires that a certain inner bending radius can not be fallen below. The minimum possible bending radius corresponds in this case according to experience in about the thickness of the semifinished product. It therefore preferably corresponds to the above-mentioned values.
  • the radius of the radius region may also be smaller.
  • the invention further provides a device for bending a metallic semifinished product.
  • the device comprises a bending punch, with a working edge forming a radius region and transverse to the working edge adjacent leg portions, as well as a die. It is set up to press the semifinished product into the matrix by applying the bending punch and to form it between the punch and the die.
  • the bending punch has a roughened surface extending at least over part of the radius range.
  • the device for embossing bending can be set up, wherein the bending punch and the die are designed to enclose the semifinished product without gap.
  • the roughened surface may be limited to the radius range.
  • the roughened surface along the working edge may be confined to a central area with the exception of end areas.
  • the roughened surface is formed by a removal-adjusted surface profile or by a coating with hard-material particles.
  • the device is adapted to bend a semi-finished product having a thickness between 1 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 3 mm and 12 mm, more preferably between 5 mm and 10 mm, particularly preferably between 6 mm and 9 mm.
  • the radius region defines an inner bending radius of at least 3 mm, preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 7 mm.
  • the invention further provides a metallic workpiece.
  • a metallic workpiece This was produced from a metallic semi-finished product by bending according to the method according to the invention and / or with a device according to the invention. After the bending process, the workpiece can be present either as a semi-finished part or as a finished part.
  • steel parts come into question, which were made of sheet metal blanks.
  • frame parts can be produced in the automotive industry, for example for trucks. This also includes reinforcements for frame structures, such as. Node plates or subframe.
  • Such a workpiece according to the invention does not differ in its essential dimensions from a conventionally produced workpiece, however, in the area which has been acted on by the roughened surface of the punch, small depressions are normally found, namely where the surface structure of the punch is high Pressure has pressed into the surface of the workpiece.
  • the exact structure of the roughened surface is random and thus unique to a particular punch, such a workpiece could even be assigned to the punch by which it was made, even by comparing the surface texture.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a bending punch 10 for a bending device 1 according to the invention according to a first embodiment.
  • the overhead in the drawing page of the punch 10 is directed here in the installed state down.
  • the bending punch 10 has a radius region 11 which is curved in the present case with a radius of 9 mm.
  • the radius region forms a working edge 12, along which a workpiece 30 can be bent.
  • leg portions 13 of the punch 10 close, which are inclined in the present case by 90 ° to each other, whereby the punch 10 has a wedge-shaped or V-shaped cross-section.
  • the bending punch 10 is constructed substantially symmetrically, wherein each of the leg portions 13 is inclined by 45 ° relative to the plane of symmetry (which corresponds to the vertical in the installed state).
  • the bending punch consists predominantly of steel, wherein at least the radius region 11 and the leg regions 13 can be surface-treated in order to achieve a higher hardness.
  • a roughened surface 14 is formed, which is shown only schematically in the figure, wherein the surface structures indicated are in no way shown to scale.
  • the average roughness R a of the roughened surface 14 is 18 ⁇ m.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a highly schematic sectional view of the deformation of a steel plate 30 by means of a bending device 1 (for example, a bending press), in which the in Fig. 1 illustrated bending punch 10 is integrated. It is understood that in the FIGS. 3 and 4 essential components of the bending device 1 have been omitted, in particular drive components.
  • the bending device 1 comprises not only the bending punch 10 but also a die 20, on which the steel plate 30 rests at the beginning of the bending operation, as in FIG Fig. 3 shown.
  • the die 20 forms a depression, with a concave sole 21, straight flanks 22, which are inclined with respect to the vertical by 45 ° and which pass over r convex rounded edges 23 in the horizontal.
  • the die 20 is thus substantially V-shaped.
  • the concave sole 21 has a radius of 16 mm, which corresponds to the sum of the radius of the radius region 11 and a thickness of 7 mm of the steel plate 30.
  • the bending device 1 is thus adapted for a stamping bending, in which the steel plate 30 is enclosed between the bending punch 10 and the die 20 without clearance in the final stage of the process.
  • the entire surface of the die 20 is similarly smooth as the leg portions 13 of the punch 10. Due to the roughening of the surface 14 of the radius portion 11 (and the associated higher average roughness R a ), there is a much greater coefficient of static friction therebetween Surface 31 of the steel plate 30 as between all other surfaces. This manifests itself already at the beginning of the bending process, which in Fig. 3 is shown where only a portion of the radius region 11 comes into contact with the surface 31 of the steel plate 30. It comes to an engagement between the structures of the roughened surface 14 and the surface 31, wherein even, as with respect to the FIGS. 5 and 6 is explained, a deformation of the surface 31 takes place. In any case, due to the frictional engagement occurring there, the printed circuit board 30 is practically secured in the region of the radius region 11 against undesired slipping, so that, as provided, only bending and slipping occur via the edges 23.
  • the steel plate 30 forms a bend 33, which laterally leg 32 then, which are at an angle of 90 ° to each other. This condition is in Fi g. 4 shown. Since the position of the steel plate 30 is defined relative to the radius region 11 during the entire bending process, a particularly high dimensional stability can be achieved. In this way, for example, a gusset plate for reinforcing a frame structure of a truck can be produced.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of a punch 10, which also in the in 3 and 4 Illustrated method can be used. He is different from the one in Fig. 1 illustrated bending punch 10 characterized in that the roughened surface 14 does not extend over the entire length of the working edge 12, but that it is limited to a central region 10.1, while end portions 10.2 are recessed. Under certain circumstances, this configuration can prevent the occurrence of increased cracking in the areas of the steel plate 30 which come into contact with the end areas 10.
  • Fig. 5 shows greatly enlarged and again not true to scale a section Fig. 4 , in which it can be seen that the roughened surface 14 is formed by a surface profile of the surface of the stamping die 10 made of steel (and possibly surface-treated).
  • the surface profile was produced by die sinking, resulting in a large number of elevations 15 (a few microns or fractions of a micron) in the radius region 11.
  • these elevations 15 press into the surface 31 of the steel plate 30, resulting in an improved engagement of the two surfaces 14, 31 brings about, on the other hand, but also a plastic deformation of the surface 31 brings with itself, which is recognizable upon closer inspection of the finished workpiece.
  • Fig. 6 shows one Fig. 5 corresponding image section according to an alternative embodiment, in which the roughened surface 14 was not produced by a treatment of the metal surface, but by a coating with hard material particles 16.
  • the hard material particles 16 are shown again only schematically and not true to scale. This may be, for example, diamond particles. These too are expressed, as in the Fig. 6 recognizable, in the surface 31 and cause a plastic deformation thereof.
  • the hard material particles 16 may, for example, be galvanically bonded to the surface of the radius region 11 by metal deposition or by a synthetic resin-based binder. The corresponding metal deposits or the binder are in the Fig. 6 not shown for simplicity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
EP16189438.1A 2015-09-24 2016-09-19 Procédé et appareil de cintrage d'un produit semi-fini métallique Active EP3147041B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16189438T PL3147041T3 (pl) 2015-09-24 2016-09-19 Sposób i urządzenie do gięcia metalowego półfabrykatu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015116188.5A DE102015116188B4 (de) 2015-09-24 2015-09-24 Verfahren zum Biegen eines metallischen Halbzeugs

Publications (2)

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EP3147041A1 true EP3147041A1 (fr) 2017-03-29
EP3147041B1 EP3147041B1 (fr) 2021-02-24

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EP (1) EP3147041B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015116188B4 (fr)
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1206644A (en) * 1966-12-01 1970-09-23 Borg Warner Method of drawing thermoplastic plastics materials
DE19938452A1 (de) * 1999-08-13 2001-02-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Formwerkzeug
WO2008050457A1 (fr) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-02 Komatsu Industries Corporation Matrice et poinçon pour presse-plieuse
JP2014076464A (ja) * 2012-10-10 2014-05-01 Tagami Ii Ekusu:Kk プレスブレーキ用パンチおよびダイ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1206644A (en) * 1966-12-01 1970-09-23 Borg Warner Method of drawing thermoplastic plastics materials
DE19938452A1 (de) * 1999-08-13 2001-02-15 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Formwerkzeug
WO2008050457A1 (fr) * 2006-10-27 2008-05-02 Komatsu Industries Corporation Matrice et poinçon pour presse-plieuse
JP2014076464A (ja) * 2012-10-10 2014-05-01 Tagami Ii Ekusu:Kk プレスブレーキ用パンチおよびダイ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015116188B4 (de) 2022-09-08
EP3147041B1 (fr) 2021-02-24
DE102015116188A1 (de) 2017-03-30
PL3147041T3 (pl) 2021-08-02

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