EP3191432A1 - Extrudierter cu-al-mn-hydrierkatalysator - Google Patents
Extrudierter cu-al-mn-hydrierkatalysatorInfo
- Publication number
- EP3191432A1 EP3191432A1 EP15756886.6A EP15756886A EP3191432A1 EP 3191432 A1 EP3191432 A1 EP 3191432A1 EP 15756886 A EP15756886 A EP 15756886A EP 3191432 A1 EP3191432 A1 EP 3191432A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- range
- catalyst
- precipitate
- extruded
- shaped
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/889—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/8892—Manganese
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/31—Density
- B01J35/32—Bulk density
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/37—Crush or impact strength
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/392—Metal surface area
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/63—Pore volume
- B01J35/633—Pore volume less than 0.5 ml/g
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- B01J35/67—Pore distribution monomodal
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- B01J35/70—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/132—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group
- C07C29/136—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH
- C07C29/147—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- C07C29/149—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C31/02—Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols
- C07C31/125—Monohydroxylic acyclic alcohols containing five to twenty-two carbon atoms
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- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
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- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
Definitions
- the invention relates to Cu-Al-Mn catalyst moldings in extruded form, and to processes for their preparation.
- the shaped catalyst bodies are suitable for the hydrogenation of organic compounds which contain a carbonyl function, in particular for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones and of carboxylic acids or their esters.
- Dicarboxylic acid anhydrides such as maleic anhydride (MSA), or esters of diacids to di-alcohols, such as butanediol.
- MSA maleic anhydride
- esters of diacids to di-alcohols such as butanediol.
- Catalysts used are characterized by a high mechanical stability, which in the form of
- the stability results from a relatively high pressure during tableting. As a result, the powdery starting material is highly compressed and there are tablets with a relatively high bulk density. In addition, the strong compression reduces the pore volume and thus the
- Extrusion is processed to the corresponding shaped catalyst bodies. Extrudates usually have a higher pore volume than those prepared from the same powdery starting material
- composition such as the metals and binder types used, as well as by the physico-chemical properties.
- No. 5,977,010 describes a shaped catalyst body which contains (i) at least one metal from the group consisting of copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt and iron and additionally (ii) calcium silicate and (iii) at least one clay material.
- Catalysts are used for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones,
- Carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters are Carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters.
- WO 92/10290 discloses shaped bodies of a copper chromite catalyst formed from a mixture of about 20 to 80% by weight of copper chromite and 20 to 80% by weight of at least one extrudable inorganic binder material.
- the catalysts have a surface area of 20 to 225 m ⁇ / g and the total pore volume is between 0.35 and 1 cm - ⁇ / g.
- This document describes a method of making the shaped copper-chromite catalyst by extrusion of a mixture of copper chromite, an extrudable inorganic
- Binder material a peptizer and water
- Alumina typically having a pseudo-boehmite or alpha-hydroxy boehmite structure.
- Catalyst can after calcination for the hydrogenation of various carbonyl compounds in the liquid or gas phase
- the catalyst has a surface area between 20 and 225 m 2 / g and a bulk density between 0.70 and 1.20 g / cm 2.
- WO 2006/005505 describes a process for hydrogenation
- the catalysts are prepared by shaping and then calcining a mixture of 50 to 80% by weight of copper oxide, 15 to 35% by weight of aluminum oxide, 2 to 20% by weight.
- WO 2005/058491 discloses CuO / A 2 O-containing shaped catalyst bodies in extrudate form.
- the catalysts are prepared by mixing boehmite etched with formic acid with a CUO / Al 2 O 3 containing active material and water. The mixture is then extruded into strands and calcined at 600 ° C.
- the catalysts have a bulk density between 790 and 960 g / l and pore volumes in the range of 0.31 to 0.59 cm - / g.
- Extrudates generally have a low mechanical stability compared to catalyst tablets, which manifests itself, for example, in a low lateral compressive strength.
- the binders used in extrudates often have a negative impact on the catalyst performance. Main influencing parameters are the
- Intrinsic activity of the binder matrix change in surface acidity, and diffusion effects in the matrix. These effects are described, for example, by K.P. de Jong in “Synthesis of Solid Catalysts", 2009, Wiley-VCH Verlag, p. 175 or in the dissertation by J.
- Catalyst tablets and extrudates not have, so a significantly higher pore volume and a significantly lower bulk density with at least comparable stability and activity compared to conventional, tabletted catalysts
- the invention relates to a shaped catalyst body in extruded form, containing Cu in an amount in the range of 20-43 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 25 - 42 wt .-%, AI in an amount in the range of 20 - 40 wt. %, preferably in the range of 25-34 wt.%, and Mn in an amount in the range of 1-10 wt.%, preferably in the range of 2-8 wt.%, particularly preferably in the range of 3-6 Wt .-%, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body in
- the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of Cu, Al and Mn-containing shaped catalyst bodies (Cu-Al-Mn catalyst bodies) in extruded form, the process comprising the following steps: (a) combining (i) at least one aqueous solution of
- Transition metal compounds and (ii) at least one aqueous carbonate-containing solution to form a precipitate, separating the precipitate, optionally washing the separated
- step (c) extruding the mixture obtained in step (b) to obtain an extrudate
- step (d) calcining the extrudate obtained in step (c) at a temperature in the range of 300 ° C to 750 ° C, preferably in the range of 600 ° C to 750 ° C, especially at about 750 ° C to obtain an extruded shaped article.
- the invention relates to the use of Cu-Al-Mn catalysts according to the invention for the hydrogenation of organic
- the extruded shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention contain copper in an amount in the range of 20-43% by weight, preferably in the range of 25-42% by weight, more preferably in the range of 30-35% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form.
- the copper is essentially in the form of copper oxide (CuO), copper-aluminum spinel (such as CUAI2O), copper manganese spinel (such as CuMn2Ü or Cu ] _ 5Mn ⁇ 5O), elemental copper (Cu) and / or mixtures of it.
- the extruded shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention contain aluminum in an amount in the range of 20-40% by weight, preferably in the range of 25-34% by weight, based on the total weight of the
- Catalyst shaped body in extruded form The aluminum is present essentially in the form of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), copper-aluminum spinel (such as CUAl 2 O) and / or mixtures thereof.
- the extruded shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention contain manganese in an amount in the range from 1 to 10% by weight, preferably in the range from 2 to 8% by weight, more preferably in the range from 3 to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form.
- the manganese is essentially in the form of manganese oxide (MnO, Mn 2 C> 3, Mn 3 0 4 , MnC> 2, Mn 2 0 7 ), copper-manganese spinel (such as CuMn2Ü4 or Cu ] _ 5Mn ⁇ 5O) and / or mixtures thereof.
- the extruded shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention particularly preferably comprise copper in an amount in the range of 25-42% by weight, in particular in the range of 30-35% by weight, aluminum in an amount in the range of 25-34% by weight and manganese in an amount in the range of 2 to 8 wt .-%, in particular in the range of 3 to 6 wt .-% based on the total weight of the shaped catalyst body in
- the shaped catalyst body of the invention has a pore volume in the range of 250 to 700 mm - / g, preferably in the range of 400 to 650 mm - / g, more preferably in the range of 450 to 600 mm ⁇ / g, determined by mercury intrusion according to DIN 66133 , on.
- the shaped catalyst body has a monomodal pore radius distribution, wherein 50% or more, preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more of the pore volume is formed by pores having a pore radius in the range of 7 to 40 nm, the pore radius distribution and the
- Pore volume can be determined by mercury intrusion according to DIN 66133.
- the shaped catalyst bodies preferably have a bulk density in the range from 300 to 800 g / l, preferably in the range from 400 to 700 g / l and particularly preferably in the range from 450 to 650 g / l, determined according to DIN ISO 903.
- the at least one further metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earths, Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Zr, W, Mo and mixtures thereof, in particular selected from Na, Mg, Ce, Co , Zn, Zr and mixtures thereof.
- the at least one further metal may be present in the form of a metal oxide of the abovementioned metals in the shaped catalyst body according to the invention.
- the metal oxide may be one or more oxides of the above
- the at least one more metal is in the
- Catalyst molding in an amount in the range of 0.1 to 12 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 1-7 wt .-%, particularly preferably in the range of 3-5 wt .-% based on the total weight of
- Catalyst shaped bodies in extruded form included.
- the catalyst moldings particularly preferably comprise at least one further metal selected from the group consisting of Na, Mg, Ce, Co, Zn, Zr and mixtures thereof in an amount in the range from 3 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst moldings in extruded form Shape.
- the further metal can be present in the metal oxide in different stoichiometric compositions with the oxygen and / or in one or more different oxidation states.
- S may, for example, Fe as iron oxide, such as FeO, Fe2C> 3, Fe Oz j , Fe2Ü or mixtures thereof, Ni as nickel oxide, such as NiO, N12O3, N1O2 N13O or mixtures thereof, Cr as chromium oxide, such as C ⁇ O, Cu-chromate such as CuCrC> 4 or CuCr2Ü, Cu-chromite, such as CuCr2Ü or mixtures thereof, Co as cobalt oxide, such as CoO, C02O3 or C03O4, Zn as zinc oxide, such as ZnO and Zr as zirconium oxide, such as ZrC> 2.
- the Cu, Al and Mn-containing catalyst molding according to the invention in reduced form has a Cu metal surface, based on the amount of Cu contained in the catalyst moldings, in the range of 20 m ⁇ / g ⁇ to 60 m ⁇ / g ⁇ , preferably in the range of 25 m ⁇ / g ⁇ to 50 m ⁇ / g ⁇ , particularly preferably in the range of 30 m ⁇ / g ⁇ to 45 m ⁇ / g ⁇ on.
- the Cu metal surface of the shaped catalyst bodies is determined by the principle of O-pulse chemisorption, as described, for example, in GC Chinchen, C.M. Hay, HD Vandervell, KC Waugh, "The Measurement of Copper Surface Areas by Reactive Frontal Chromatography", Journal of
- Thermal conductivity detector can be determined.
- the shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention preferably have a lateral compressive strength, measured in accordance with DIN EN 1094-5, based on the length of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form, in the range from 5 to 40 N / mm, preferably in the range from 10 to 30 N / mm.
- the shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention in extruded form usually have a length in the range of 2 to 12 mm, preferably in the range of 3 to 10 mm, in particular 4 to 7 mm.
- the determination of the lengths of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form may be carried out, for example, by means of a commercially available apparatus, e.g. a Retsch Camsizer®.
- the lengths of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form may be carried out, for example, by means of a commercially available apparatus, e.g. a Retsch Camsizer®.
- the lengths of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form may be carried out, for example
- Catalyst moldings (eg from 30 to 200, preferably 50 to 120, for example, 100 shaped catalyst bodies) determined. From the values obtained for lateral compressive strength (in N), the arithmetic mean is formed. The length of the
- Catalyst side-body-related lateral compressive strength (in N / mm) is obtained by normalizing the arithmetic mean of the lateral compressive strength to the arithmetic average length of the shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form.
- the extrudates preferably have a diameter in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 6 mm, and particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 mm.
- Diameter of the shaped catalyst body can be analyzed for example with a Retsch Camsizer®.
- Shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form grooves in the longitudinal direction with a depth in the range of 0.3 mm to 0.9 mm, preferably of about 0.7 mm and a width in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 mm,
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of Cu, Al and Mn-containing shaped catalyst bodies in extruded form.
- extruded catalyst moldings are first at least one aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally other metal compounds and at least one aqueous
- aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally other metal compounds in the context of the present invention includes both aqueous solutions and aqueous suspensions and aqueous slurries of the copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally other metal compounds, wherein aqueous solutions are preferred.
- the at least one aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds is prepared, for example Dissolving, suspending and / or slurrying, preferably by dissolving, at least one copper compound, at least one
- Aluminum compound at least one manganese compound and
- Carbonates, oxides, hydroxides, hydroxocarbonates, their halides, such as chlorides, bromides, and / or iodides, and / or their sulfates are used.
- oxides of the metals such as copper oxide and / or
- Alumina and / or manganese oxide are used to prepare the aqueous solutions, then these are preferably partially or completely dissolved by adding a suitable mineral acid.
- the copper in copper oxide may be in one or more different oxidation states, such as cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, or mixtures thereof.
- the mineral acid is preferably selected from HNO3, HCl, H2SO and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred copper compounds are copper oxide (CU2O and / or CuO), copper nitrate, copper chloride, copper carbonate, copper hydroxocarbonate (CuC0 3 -Cu (OH) 2 and / or (CuC0 3 ) 2 .Cu (OH) 2 ), copper acetate and
- Copper sulphate in particular copper nitrate.
- Preferred aluminum compounds are aluminum nitrate
- Preferred manganese compounds are manganese nitrate, manganese hydroxide, manganese oxide, manganese chloride (MnCl 2) and manganese sulfate, manganese carbonate, in particular manganese nitrate and manganese carbonate.
- the other metal compounds are preferably selected from alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, Rare earth metal compounds and transition metal compounds (other than copper and manganese compounds).
- Particularly preferred alkali metal compounds are compounds of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and mixtures thereof, in particular
- Alkaline earth metal compounds are compounds of magnesium
- transition metal compounds other than copper and manganese compounds are compounds of zinc, silicon, titanium, nickel, chromium, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, zirconium and mixtures thereof, in particular compounds of zinc, cobalt, zirconium and mixtures thereof.
- the other metal compounds used are preferably in water, acids or alkalis readily soluble compounds of the metals mentioned. In particular, the salts of the metals are used.
- nitrates such as zinc, cerium and / or zirconium nitrate
- their halides such as zinc, cerium and / or zirconium chloride, bromide and / or iodide
- their oxides such as zinc, Cerium and / or zirconium oxides and / or their sulfates, such as zinc, cerium and / or zirconium sulfate used.
- the other metal compounds are selected from the group consisting of cerium nitrate, zinc chloride, zirconium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
- Oxidation levels are present.
- aqueous solutions of other metal compounds are used, then these are preferably by adding a suitable solvent.
- the at least one aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds may be in the form of several separate aqueous solutions of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds
- one or more common aqueous solutions may be provided. These can be prepared by dissolving copper and / or aluminum and / or manganese and / or optionally further metal compounds in a common container. The combination of above-mentioned separate solutions to a common solution is also possible.
- the aqueous carbonate-containing solution is preferably prepared by dissolving at least one alkali carbonate (such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium carbonate),
- Alkaline earth carbonate such as magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
- ammonium carbonate or mixtures thereof in water Likewise, the corresponding bicarbonates or any mixtures of carbonates and bicarbonates can be used simultaneously with or instead of the carbonates.
- alkali carbonates Preferably, alkali carbonates, ammonium carbonates,
- Alkali bicarbonates used.
- Preferred alkali metal carbonates are sodium and potassium carbonate, especially sodium carbonate.
- Preferred alkali metal bicarbonates are sodium and potassium bicarbonate, in particular
- Sodium bicarbonate Particularly preferred is the use of sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate.
- the combining in step (a) may be accomplished by subjecting the at least one aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds (either in separate solutions and / or in one or more common solutions and / or as Solution mixture) and the
- At least one aqueous carbonate-containing solution at the same time in a common container, such as a precipitation container, are given.
- a common container such as a precipitation container
- step (a) can also be carried out by dissolving the at least one aqueous solution of
- Metal compounds (either in separate solutions and / or in one or more common solutions and / or as a solution mixture) to the (at least one aqueous carbonate containing solution, for example, in one or more containers such as one or more precipitation containers) is added.
- Step (a) also take place by the at least one aqueous carbonate-containing solution to the (for example, in one or more containers, such as one or more precipitation containers) submitted at least one aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds is added ,
- the at least one aqueous solution of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds is before the
- a temperature above 20 ° C such as at a temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C,
- the at least one carbonate-containing solution prior to combining is preferably heated to a temperature above 20 ° C, such as at a temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C, for example.
- optionally further metal compounds and the at least one carbonate-containing solution to a temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 90 ° C, in particular heated to about 80 ° C and thereby preferably stirred.
- a precipitate forms in the mixture (hereinafter also referred to as a precipitate-containing solution mixture).
- the combining of the solutions is usually carried out in a stirred container.
- the container is preferably equipped with a slanted blade stirrer,
- the combining of the solutions in step (a) is carried out by metering in volume flows of aqueous solutions of copper, aluminum, manganese and
- Solutions of copper, aluminum, manganese and optionally further metal compounds may be present as separate solutions and / or as one or more common solutions
- the precipitate-containing solution mixture is preferably at a temperature above 20 ° C and in particular at a temperature in
- the precipitate-containing solution mixture is at least 30 minutes
- the pH of the mixture is preferably maintained at a value in the range of 5.0 to 8.5 throughout, especially in the range of 6.0 to 7.5, preferably about 6.8.
- the precipitate is preferably separated by filtration.
- the precipitate may be separated by decanting or centrifuging. Subsequently, the separated precipitate is subjected to drying. The drying can
- This suspension is then preferably metered via a nozzle into a spray dryer.
- the temperature in the spray dryer during drying is preferably in a range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C, in particular in a range of 90 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the characteristic for the drying is preferably in a range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C, in particular in a range of 90 ° C to 120 ° C.
- Exit temperature is preferably in the range of 90 ° C to 120 ° C and is usually by the parameters, such as sprayed amount of suspension, solids content of the suspension (and thus the amount of water which must be evaporated) or temperature in
- Controlled spray dryer The treatment of the material with the spray dryer results in particular in a dry powder.
- the separated precipitate may be subjected to one or more washing steps prior to drying.
- the precipitate of the precipitate-containing solution mixture can first be separated by using a filter press and then flowed through in the filter press with water and thereby washed.
- Filtered, decanting or centrifuging are slurried in a container and then separated again from the liquid phase using a filter press, a centrifuge or a decanter. This process is usually carried out one or more times until a certain conductivity of the filtrate is reached.
- the conductivity usually correlates with the concentration of sodium ions.
- the conductivity of the filtrate of the last washing operation is preferably 0.5 mS / cm or less, more preferably 0.2 mS / cm or less.
- the conductivity is determined according to DIN 38404, Part 8.
- Precipitate is then mixed in step (b) with an aluminum-containing binder.
- step (b) comprises
- Steps (bl), (b2) and (b3) A part of the dried precipitate obtained in step (a) is subjected to calcining in step (bl). This obtained in step (bl)
- the calcination in step (bl) is carried out by a thermal treatment, wherein the temperature in the range of 250 ° C to 900 ° C, preferably in a range of 300 ° C to 750 ° C, more preferably in a range of 600 ° C to 750 ° C is located.
- the calcination may be carried out under air, inert gas (such as argon or nitrogen), oxygen or mixtures thereof.
- Calcination may be discontinuous, e.g. in a tray oven or continuously, e.g. be carried out in a rotary kiln.
- Calcination in the rotary kiln can be controlled by the residence time and various heating zones.
- the residence time and various heating zones Preferably, the
- Rotary kiln 1 to 10 different heating zones in particular about 5 heating zones.
- the temperature in the various heating zones is, for example, in the range of 300 ° C to 400 ° C for the first
- Heating zone in the range of 500 ° C to 600 ° C for the second heating zone, in the range of 600 ° C to 750 ° C for the third heating zone, in the range of 650 ° C to 800 ° C for the fourth heating zone and in the range of 500 ° C to 700 ° C for the fifth heating zone.
- the residence time in the various heating zones is preferably in the range of 5 minutes to 60 minutes, in particular in the range of 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
- the temperature profile may include, for example, heating at a rate of 2 ° C / min from 20 ° C to 750 ° C, holding for 3 hours at 750 ° C and cooling at a rate of 2 ° C / min to 20 ° C.
- the calcined precipitate obtained by the calcination in step (bl) is recovered in step (b2) with dried uncalcined precipitate obtained in step (a) in a weight ratio of uncalcined precipitate to calcined precipitate in the range of 2:98 to 98: 2, preferably Range of 10:90 to 90:10, more preferably in the range of 15:85 to 85:15, and more preferably in the range of 20:80 to 50:50 mixed.
- the resulting mixture of uncalcined and calcined precipitate is then mixed in step (b3) with an aluminum-containing binder.
- an aluminum-containing binder based on alumina is preferably used.
- Aluminum-containing alumina-based binders are particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of boehmite (AIO (OH)) and pseudoboehmite (gelatinous / colloidal boehmite). Boehmit will be seen in particular in the 9th edition of Strunz '
- the aluminum-containing alumina-based binder which is mixed in step (b) or (b3) with the dried precipitate obtained in step (a) or the mixture obtained in step (b2), is peptized with an acid, wherein the Peptize before mixing and / or during mixing.
- Peptization is an important step in the generation of pore volume.
- Both inorganic acids such as HNO3, H2SO or HCl and organic acids can be used for peptization.
- the use of strong inorganic acids or strong organic acids, such as formic acid usually results in a lower pore volume.
- For peptization according to the present invention are preferably different from formic acid organic Acids, preferably acetic acid or citric acid used.
- the acid is used in an amount in the range of 0.5 and 0.01 wt .-%, based on the amount of aluminum-containing binder.
- dilute acids such as 50% acetic acid, the acidity / binder ratio is calculated on the basis of the undiluted acid content.
- the boehmite and / or pseudoboehmite used is preferably used as a powder.
- the powder preferably has a particle size D50 in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ , preferably from 15 to 35 ⁇ and particularly preferably from 20 to 30 ⁇ , determined according to the
- the boehmite or pseudoboehmite used preferably has a pore volume in the range of 300-700 mm-1 / g, preferably in the range of 400-600 mm-1 / g and particularly preferably in the range of 450. 550 mm ⁇ / g.
- boehmite and / or pseudoboehmite in powder form having a particle size D5 Q in the range of 10 to 40 ⁇ and a pore volume in the range of 300-700 mm - / g, more preferably with a particle size D5 Q in the range of 15 to 35 ⁇ and a pore volume in the range of 400-600 mm - ⁇ / g, in particular with a particle size D5 Q in the range of 20 to 30 ⁇ and a
- Suitable boehmite or pseudoboehmite powders are sold, for example, by the company Sasol under the name Pural or by the companies Akzo Nobel or Nabaltec.
- step (b2) The mixing of the dried precipitate obtained in step (a) or the mixture of calcined and uncalcined precipitate obtained in step (b2) with that described above
- aluminum-containing binder can be known by the person skilled in the art
- Procedures that provide for mixing occur.
- the mixing can be done in intensive mixers such as an Eirich mixer or else by means of a plowshare mixer or Lödiger mixer.
- intensive mixers such as an Eirich mixer or else by means of a plowshare mixer or Lödiger mixer.
- kneaders can also be used for mixing powders.
- step (b) or in step (b3) in step (c) is added by methods known to the person skilled in the art Catalyst moldings extruded to obtain an extrudate.
- extrudates are strands and rib strands.
- a lubricant is added in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the mass to be extruded. More preferably, the lubricant is used in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, more preferably in the range of 1 to 4 wt .-%, based on the
- Lubricant is preferably graphite, oil or fatty acid salt, preferably graphite or steatite oil.
- step (c) The extrudate obtained in step (c) is optionally dried in step (c1). Drying of the extrudate may be accomplished by heating to a temperature in the range of 75 ° C to 130 ° C, for example in an oven such as a tray oven.
- step (c) the extrudate obtained in step (c) or the dried extrudate obtained in step (cl) in step (d) at a temperature in the range of 300 ° C to 750 ° C, preferably in the range of 600 ° C to 750 ° C. , in particular calcined at about 750 ° C to obtain an extruded shaped body.
- step (d) the extruded shaped catalyst body obtained in step (d) is reduced in a step (e).
- the reduction is preferably carried out by heating the extruded shaped catalyst body in a reducing atmosphere.
- the reducing atmosphere is hydrogen.
- the reduction takes place for example in a
- the reduction takes place at a Temperature in the range of 190 ° C to 210 ° C over a period of 24 to 48 hours.
- the shaped catalyst bodies are stabilized wet or dry after the reduction.
- wet stabilization the moldings are covered with liquid to contact with
- Suitable liquids include organic liquids and water, preferably organic
- organic liquids are those which have a vapor pressure of 0.5 hPa or less at 20 ° C.
- suitable organic liquids are iso-decanol, nafol, fatty alcohols, hexadecane, 2-ethyl-hexanol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof, in particular iso-decanol.
- the reduction reactor is a mixture of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas
- the concentration of oxygen in the mixture is preferably increased from about 0.04 vol.% To about 21 vol.%.
- a mixture of air and inert gas can be metered in, wherein the ratio of air to inert gas is initially about 0.2% by volume of air to 99.8% by volume of inert gas. The ratio of air to inert gas is then gradually increased (e.g., continuously or stepwise) until, for example, 100% by volume of air is metered in (which corresponds to an oxygen concentration of about 21% by volume).
- 100% by volume of air which corresponds to an oxygen concentration of about 21% by volume
- Oxide layer having a thickness of, for example, 0.5 to 50 nm, preferably 1 to 20 nm, in particular 1 to 10 nm at the surface of the catalyst is formed, which protects the shaped catalyst body from further oxidation.
- the reactor temperature is preferably 100 ° C or less
- the shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention are suitable for use in numerous reactions. Possible reactions include, synthesis gas reactions, methanol syntheses, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, pyridine syntheses, ester hydrogenolysis, amination reactions, N-alkylations, hydrogenations of nitriles to amines, hydrogenation of acrylonitrile, hydrogenation of fatty acid esters, hydrogenation of diesters to diols (especially maleic esters) , Hydrogenation of sugars to polyols, alkylation of a phenol with alcohol, amination of an alcohol, dehydration of an alcohol, hydrogenation of an aldehyde, hydrogenation of an amide, hydrogenation of a fatty acid, for example by
- Esterification and subsequent hydrogenolysis selective hydrogenation of a fat, selective hydrogenation of an oil, hydrogenation of a nitrile, hydrogenation of a nitroaromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogenation of a ketone, hydrogenation of furfural, hydrogenation of an ester and hydrogenation of carbon monoxide to methanol.
- Catalysts prepared according to the invention for the hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds in particular for the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and / or their esters or di-carboxylic acids and / or their di-esters, most preferably for the hydrogenation of fatty acid esters, in particular fatty acid alkyl esters, preferably fatty acid methyl esters or maleic acid esters used.
- the catalyst molding according to the invention is suitable for the wet phase hydrogenation of carboxylic acids, preferably of fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures having 5 to 24 carbon atoms and / or their esters, optionally in admixture with alcohols, in the corresponding
- the fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures can be esterified in situ with alcohols present in the reaction mixture.
- Preferred alcohols present in the reaction mixture are fatty alcohols or mixtures of fatty alcohols containing 5 to 24 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred is the use of the above-described catalyst for the hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl ester. Determination of physical parameters
- Conductivity is determined according to DIN 38404, Part 8.
- Particle size D5 Q is determined according to the laser diffraction method according to DIN ISO 13320.
- Residual glow loss is determined according to DIN EN 196-2.
- Pore volume and pore radius distribution are through
- Cu metal surface is determined by N20 pulse chemisorption.
- the length distribution of the shaped catalyst bodies is determined using a Camsizer® from RETSCH GmbH, Germany.
- the stated length of the shaped catalyst bodies is usually the arithmetic mean of the measured lengths.
- Solution 1 is prepared from 1250 g of Cu (NC> 3) 2 x H2O, 220 g
- Solution 2 is prepared from 1720 g of Na 2 CC> 3 and 7.5 LH 2 0. The two solutions are heated to 80 ° C while stirring. These are then metered into a precipitation tank. The pH in the precipitation tank is 6.8. The volume flows of solution 1 and 2 are so
- Residual glow loss at 1000 ° C (LOI) is about 5%.
- Example 2 (Preparation of shaped catalyst body 2)
- the mixture is extruded into strands with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length in the range of 3 to 10 mm.
- the extrudates are dried at 120 ° C for 16 hours and then calcined at 750 ° C for 3 hours.
- the mixture is extruded into strands with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length in the range of 3 to 10 mm.
- the extrudates are dried at 120 ° C for 16 hours and then calcined at 750 ° C for 3 hours.
- the mixture is extruded into strands with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length in the range of 3 to 10 mm.
- the extrudates are dried at 120 ° C for 16 hours and then calcined at 750 ° C for 3 hours.
- the mixture is extruded into strands with a diameter of 3.2 mm and a length in the range of 3 to 10 mm.
- the extrudates are dried at 120 ° C for 16 hours and then calcined at 750 ° C for 3 hours.
- Die for grooved extrudates is used (diameter about 3.2 mm). The drying and calcination was also carried out analogously as described in Example 3. The finished extrudates have three longitudinal grooves with a depth of about 0.7 mm and a width of about 1.2 mm.
- the mixture is extruded (diameter 3.2 mm).
- the extrudates are dried at 120 ° C for 16 hours and then calcined at 750 ° C for 3 hours.
- the pore volume is determined by mercury intrusion according to DIN 66133.
- Table 1 shows the pore volume of the catalysts of the invention and reference catalysts:
- Pore volume pore radius ranges
- Mastersizer 2000 according to the manufacturer's instructions, whereby the sample is homogenized in deionized water without addition of auxiliaries prior to the measurement and sonicated for 5 minutes.
- the specified D values are based on the sample volume.
- the Cu metal surface of the catalysts is determined by the principle of N2O decomposition (N20 pulse chemisorption):
- Thermal conductivity detector is determined.
- the lateral compressive strength is determined according to DIN EN 1094-5.
- the lateral compressive strength results from the arithmetic mean of 100 measurements.
- Extrusions are based on the length of the measured extrudates in N per mm extrudate length, wherein the length of the extrudates is the arithmetic mean of the measured lengths of about 100
- Catalyst moldings in extruded form is.
- a concrete value for the lateral compressive strength can be given due to the constant dimensions.
- the activity of the catalysts is investigated with respect to the hydrogenation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
- FAME fatty acid methyl ester
- an electrically heated fixed bed reactor with a reactor volume of 25 ml is used.
- Reaction temperature 160 ° C, 180 ° C, 240 ° C
- Catalyst molding 5 95, 0 75, 1 61, 0 1.1 0.1 0.0
- Profitability in particular an increase in sales to the target product is achieved.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014013530.6A DE102014013530A1 (de) | 2014-09-12 | 2014-09-12 | Extrudierter Cu-Al-Mn-Hydrierkatalysator |
| PCT/EP2015/069349 WO2016037839A1 (de) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-08-24 | Extrudierter cu-al-mn-hydrierkatalysator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3191432A1 true EP3191432A1 (de) | 2017-07-19 |
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| EP15756886.6A Pending EP3191432A1 (de) | 2014-09-12 | 2015-08-24 | Extrudierter cu-al-mn-hydrierkatalysator |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10639616B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3191432A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6499753B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR101958179B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107073457B (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102014013530A1 (de) |
| MY (1) | MY177329A (de) |
| PH (1) | PH12017500420B1 (de) |
| SA (1) | SA517381066B1 (de) |
| SG (1) | SG11201701892TA (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016037839A1 (de) |
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| DE102012019123B4 (de) | 2012-09-28 | 2021-10-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Hydrierkatalysator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung durch die Verwendung von unkalziniertem Ausgangsmaterial |
| DE102014004413A1 (de) | 2014-03-26 | 2015-10-01 | Clariant International Ltd. | Hydrierkatalysator und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| KR102044877B1 (ko) * | 2016-11-09 | 2019-11-14 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 일산화탄소 고선택성 흡착제 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN106552631A (zh) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-04-05 | 中海油天津化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种制备环己基‑1,4‑二甲醛的催化剂 |
| DE102016225172A1 (de) * | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Clariant International Ltd | Tablettierter Katalysator mit erhöhter Stabilität gegenüber Säureeinwirkung |
| RU2689417C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-05-28 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет" (Новосибирский государственный университет, НГУ) | Способ приготовления катализатора селективного гидрирования фурфурола |
| RU2689418C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-05-28 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Новосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет" (Новосибирский государственный университет, НГУ) | Катализатор селективного гидрирования фурфурола |
| CN113661001A (zh) * | 2019-04-01 | 2021-11-16 | 巴斯夫公司 | 铜挤出物催化剂及用于氢化和氢解的应用 |
| DE102019131569A1 (de) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Clariant International Ltd | Chromfreier wasser- und saeurestabiler katalysator fuer hydrierungen |
| DE102020106964A1 (de) | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | Clariant International Ltd | Chromfreier hydrierkatalysator mit erhoehter wasser- und saeurestabilitaet |
| JP2023532098A (ja) * | 2020-06-30 | 2023-07-26 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 脂肪酸エステル水素化分解/水素化のためのクロムフリー銅触媒 |
| KR102571531B1 (ko) | 2021-09-10 | 2023-08-29 | 한국화학연구원 | 압출 성형에 의한 co2 직접 수소화 촉매의 제조방법 및 이에 따라 제조된 co2 직접 수소화 촉매 |
| EP4543588A1 (de) * | 2022-06-22 | 2025-04-30 | BASF Corporation | Katalysatorformkörper |
| CN118204108A (zh) * | 2022-12-16 | 2024-06-18 | 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 | 一种Fe-Mn双金属催化剂、制备方法及应用 |
| CN119500172B (zh) * | 2023-08-23 | 2025-10-10 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种芳甲酸酯加氢催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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2014
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- 2015-08-24 US US15/508,234 patent/US10639616B2/en active Active
- 2015-08-24 CN CN201580048617.3A patent/CN107073457B/zh active Active
- 2015-08-24 WO PCT/EP2015/069349 patent/WO2016037839A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2015-08-24 PH PH1/2017/500420A patent/PH12017500420B1/en unknown
- 2015-08-24 EP EP15756886.6A patent/EP3191432A1/de active Pending
- 2015-08-24 JP JP2017513213A patent/JP6499753B2/ja active Active
- 2015-08-24 MY MYPI2017000318A patent/MY177329A/en unknown
- 2015-08-24 KR KR1020177009994A patent/KR101958179B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107073457B (zh) | 2020-08-18 |
| JP6499753B2 (ja) | 2019-04-10 |
| KR101958179B1 (ko) | 2019-03-15 |
| US20170252727A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
| MY177329A (en) | 2020-09-12 |
| DE102014013530A1 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
| PH12017500420A1 (en) | 2017-07-17 |
| KR20170054490A (ko) | 2017-05-17 |
| PH12017500420B1 (en) | 2022-08-05 |
| WO2016037839A1 (de) | 2016-03-17 |
| SG11201701892TA (en) | 2017-04-27 |
| US10639616B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
| CN107073457A (zh) | 2017-08-18 |
| SA517381066B1 (ar) | 2021-03-29 |
| JP2017528313A (ja) | 2017-09-28 |
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