Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
  • B60K6/48—Parallel type
  • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
  • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
  • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
  • B60K6/48—Parallel type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
  • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
  • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
  • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
  • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
  • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
  • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
  • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by AC motors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
  • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
  • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
  • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
  • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
  • B60W10/184—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems with wheel brakes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
  • B60W10/18—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems
  • B60W10/196—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of braking systems acting within the driveline, e.g. retarders
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
  • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
  • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
  • B60W20/14—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion in conjunction with braking regeneration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
  • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
  • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
  • B60W20/16—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for reducing engine exhaust emissions
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
  • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
  • B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
  • B60W30/18109—Braking
  • B60W30/18127—Regenerative braking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
  • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
  • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
  • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
  • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
  • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
  • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
  • B60K2006/266—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators with two coaxial motors or generators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
  • B60L2200/18—Buses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
  • B60L2240/12—Speed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
  • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
  • B60L2240/423—Torque
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
  • B60L2240/44—Drive Train control parameters related to combustion engines
  • B60L2240/443—Torque
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
  • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
  • B60L2240/48—Drive Train control parameters related to transmissions
  • B60L2240/486—Operating parameters
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
  • B60W2300/10—Buses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
  • B60W2300/14—Tractor-trailers, i.e. combinations of a towing vehicle and one or more towed vehicles, e.g. caravans; Road trains
  • B60W2300/147—Road trains
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
  • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
  • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
  • B60Y2200/143—Busses
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B60Y2300/00—Purposes or special features of road vehicle drive control systems
  • B60Y2300/89—Repartition of braking force, e.g. friction braking versus regenerative braking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2304/00—Optimising design; Manufacturing; Testing
  • B60Y2304/07—Facilitating assembling or mounting
  • B60Y2304/076—Facilitating assembling or mounting by add-on parts, e.g. retrofit
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for hybridizing a vehicle, for example an articulated bus or a guided public transport vehicle, comprising a tractor axle with thermal motorization, a directional axle and a complementary axle by integrating a motorization thereof. electric powered by an accumulator of electrical energy.
• the invention also relates to the hybrid vehicle thus obtained.
• the invention more particularly relates to a hybrid vehicle in which the electric motor and the electric energy accumulators occupy a minimum space in the vehicle and can be integrated into an existing vehicle.
• hybrid vehicles intended to use both a conventional thermal engine and an electric motor powered by an energy accumulator. electric, which is in particular recharged during the deceleration phases of the vehicle.
• the technical solution envisaged must be able to be easily and cheaply adapted to a conventional vehicle with thermal engine.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by proposing a new hybridization method of a vehicle.
• a hybridization method of a vehicle comprising: a hydraulic or pneumatic brake system actuated by a brake pedal via braking control means;
• a tractor axle connected to a thermal engine through a gearbox incorporating a retarder, the thermal engine is controlled in acceleration by an accelerator pedal and the retarder is controlled by deceleration by the brake pedal;
• each wheel-motor being associated with an inverter, each inverter being connected and dedicated to one of the wheel-motors in order to supply it with electrical energy. from the electrical energy accumulator;
• the accelerator pedal to receive an acceleration instruction from the latter
• the electrical energy accumulator for receiving information about the level of charge thereof;
• the inverters for transmitting an acceleration or deceleration torque setpoint to the wheel motors
• the retarder to transmit a deceleration instruction
• the thermal engine to transmit an acceleration torque setpoint
• the method further comprises installing an air or water heat exchanger for cooling the inverters, the wheel motors and the electric energy accumulator.
• the method further comprises the following steps:
• the method further comprises arranging the electric energy accumulator on the roof of the vehicle or housing it in a cabinet on board the vehicle.
• the method further comprises integrating traction batteries or fast-charging super-capacity type batteries to the electric energy accumulator.
• the method furthermore consists in providing electrical means to the inverters, these electrical means being controlled by the control box and designed to operate the wheel motors in a traction mode and a braking mode;
• the wheel-motors reloading the accumulator of electrical energy and slowing the vehicle by an electromagnetic braking effect.
• control box actuates the retarder when the electromagnetic braking of the wheel motors is insufficient to satisfy the deceleration setpoint received by the control box or when the accumulator of electrical energy is at full load.
• the latter command in case of acceleration setpoint received by the control box, the latter command:
• the overall acceleration obtained by the wheel motors and the thermal motor being in accordance with the acceleration setpoint received by the control box.
• the method further comprises providing prioritization means to the control box, these prioritization means being provided to choose whether the torque setpoint transmitted to the thermal motorization must be greater than to that transmitted to wheel motors, and vice versa.
• the acceleration torque setpoint transmitted by the control box to the thermal motorization depends on the charge of the electric energy accumulator, the torque setpoint of acceleration transmitted to the wheel motors and the actual acceleration torque delivered by said wheel motors and the selected operating strategy.
• the wheel motors when the electric energy accumulator is discharged, the wheel motors are placed in braking mode and the thermal engine alone pushes the vehicle the time necessary to reload at least partially the 'accumulator of electrical energy.
• the method furthermore consists in adding a so-called "stop-start” function to the vehicle, intended to start the latter using only the wheel-motors and then, starting from a certain speed, to launch the thermal engine through the gearbox.
• the electric energy accumulator when the electric energy accumulator is not heavy enough to start the vehicle by means of the wheel motors, it is started by means of the thermal engine and in that the wheel motors are then put into braking mode to recharge the accumulator of electrical energy.
• the objects assigned to the invention are also achieved by means of a hybridized vehicle by the hybridization method of a vehicle as described above, wherein said vehicle is an articulated bus of public transport, a multi-articulated vehicle , or a guided public transport vehicle.
• the electric motor is integrated with the wheels in the form of an axle incorporating motor-wheels, this engine occupies no additional place compared to the conventional axle thus replaced.
• the electric energy accumulator can be arranged on the roof of the vehicle and thus occupy no space provided for passengers.
• the invention In addition to substantial fuel savings of approximately obtained conventionally by the addition of an electric motor to a vehicle, the invention also significantly increases the life of the thermal engine of it. Indeed, the thermal motorization less mergeée than in a conventional vehicle and when a large torque is necessary, the thermal motorization can be relieved in its efforts by additional power provided by the electric motor. It is considered that the hybridization process of the invention makes it possible to increase by 50% the duration of the thermal motorization of a vehicle.
• the hybrid vehicle By adding an electric motor on a complementary axle, namely an axle that is neither steering nor motorized, the hybrid vehicle has better grip on the road and better handling, which in particular avoids the phenomenon. when the front part of an articulated bus begins to skid on the roadway.
• the invention advantageously makes it possible to intelligently control the motorizations of the vehicle and its deceleration means, without the intervention of the driver and the vehicle. totally transparent way for this one.
• This makes it possible in particular to optimize the electrical and fuel consumption, and to control, for example, the motor-wheels individually in order to be able to transmit, if necessary, a set of acceleration or deceleration torque, for example different to each of the wheel-motors, or to reduce torque control transmitted to both wheels.
• the hybridization of a conventional vehicle is generally summarized to install an electric energy accumulator on the vehicle or on board and to replace the wheels of a complementary axle by wheel motors.
• the invention can be adapted easily and inexpensively to any existing vehicle having a complementary non-directional axle or tractor and having converters for driving the wheel motors.
• the invention can therefore be adapted to buses, but also to guided vehicles such as trams or railway vehicles.
• guided vehicles such as trams or railway vehicles.
• a guided vehicle can cross particular areas, independently, by cutting the engine.
• FIG. 1 is a side view of an articulated public transport bus hybridized according to the method of the invention, in which the means of the invention are represented diagrammatically;
• FIG. 2 is a view from above of an articulated public transport bus hybridized according to the method of the invention, in which the means of the invention are represented diagrammatically;
• FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of the electrical network of a hybridized vehicle according to the method of the invention.
• control lines are shown in fine lines while the mechanical links and the electric energy transfer lines are shown in thick lines.
• a vehicle (1) such as an articulated public transport bus or a guided public transport vehicle usually comprises a generally located front axle (2), a motorized driving axle (3) and generally located at the rear, and a complementary axle (4), neither director nor motorized and generally located centrally.
• the driving axle (3) is mechanically connected to a thermal engine (5) via a transmission and a gearbox (6) usually incorporating a retarder.
• the thermal engine (5) is accelerated by an accelerator pedal (7) via known acceleration control means, while the retarder is controlled by deceleration by a brake pedal (8) via known deceleration control means.
• the steering axle (2) is actuated by a steering wheel (9) in a conventional manner.
• the complementary axle (4) is an axle serving in particular additional support for the chassis of the vehicle (1). It is mechanically independent of the other axles (2, 3) and has no motorization.
• a vehicle (1) such as an articulated bus or a guided public transport vehicle also comprises a hydraulic or pneumatic brake system (10) actuated by the brake pedal (8) via braking control means .
• This braking system (10) controls the brakes (11a, 11b, 11c) so that they are actuated hydraulically or pneumatically by mechanical brake actuators located on the wheels of the vehicle (1).
• the braking system (10) is for example an electronic braking system, controlling the braking of all the axles, known by the acronym EBS (Electronic Braking System) and integrating an anti-locking system of the wheels (ABS), a corrector electronic trajectory (ESP) and traction control system.
• EBS Electronic Braking System
• ABS anti-locking system of the wheels
• ESP corrector electronic trajectory
• the wheels of the complementary axle (4) comprise brakes controlled by the hydraulic or pneumatic braking system (10) of the vehicle (1).
• the brake pedal (8) has two successive races.
• the driving angle corresponding to the first race constitutes a deceleration setpoint
• the driving angle corresponding to the second race constitutes a braking setpoint.
• the purpose of the deceleration instruction is to slow down the vehicle (1), while the braking instruction is intended to stop or to slow down very strongly and very quickly in case of emergency.
• the deceleration setpoint is usually transmitted to the retarder of the gearbox (6) via deceleration control means, while the braking setpoint is transmitted to the braking system (10). via braking control means.
• the angle of depression of the accelerator pedal (7) constitutes an acceleration instruction which is transmitted to the thermal engine (5) to transmit a torque instruction to it. acceleration.
• the driving angle corresponding to the first race constituting a normal acceleration setpoint, corresponding to a gentle and progressive acceleration
• the angle of 'depression corresponding to the second race is a strong acceleration instruction, corresponding to a massive and brutal acceleration.
• the normal acceleration instruction is intended to accelerate the vehicle (1) in a flexible manner
• the high acceleration instruction is intended to accelerate the vehicle (1) very strongly and very quickly, especially in case of overtaking or in case of emergency.
• the complementary axle (4) is an electrically powered traction axle integrating a pair of wheel motors (12a, 12b), each motor-wheel (12a, 12b). ) being connected to a dedicated inverter (13a, 13b) in order to be supplied with electrical energy by an electric energy accumulator (14).
• a power distribution unit (15) is provided between the electric energy accumulator (14) and the inverters (13a, 13b). It allows in particular to cut the power supply of the inverters (13a, 13b) for the safety of the operators to perform maintenance on the inverters (13a, 13b) and the wheel motors (12a, 12b).
• the electric energy accumulator (14) can also be connected to a braking chopper, itself connected to a braking resistor.
• the electric energy accumulator (14) is preferably disposed on the roof of the vehicle (1) so as not to occupy a space reserved for passengers. It can also be housed in a cabinet on board the vehicle (1). It can also be in several parts distributed in various places of the vehicle (1) ⁇
• the electric energy accumulator (14) preferably comprises traction batteries or super fast-charging type batteries.
• the wheel motors (12a, 12b) each comprise an electric motor incorporated in a wheel. They are particularly advantageous because they have a small footprint and do not require transmission, which advantageously allows to deposit the complementary axle (3) of a vehicle (1) to replace it with an axle comprising wheel motors (12a , 12b).
• the inverters (13a, 13b) comprise electrical means designed to operate the wheel motors (12a, 12b) in a traction mode or in a braking mode.
• the wheel motors (12a, 12b) are supplied with electrical energy by the electric energy accumulator (14) and operate as motors to participate in the propulsion of the vehicle (1).
• the wheel motors (12a, 12b) are rotated by the inertia of movement of the vehicle (1) and function as generators of electric current. They then recharge the electric energy accumulator (14) and slow down the vehicle (1) by an electromagnetic braking effect.
• the wheel motors (12a, 12b) are placed in braking mode and the thermal motor (5) pushes the vehicle alone ( 1) the time required to at least partially recharge the electric energy accumulator (14).
• the vehicle (1) of the invention comprises a control box (16) which comprises all the electronics and intelligence necessary in particular for the monitoring and control of the thermal engine (5), the retarder of the box of speed (6), inverters (13a, 13b) and the electric energy accumulator (14).
• the control box (16) is connected:
• the electrical energy accumulator (14) for receiving information concerning the level of charge thereof;
• the inverters (13a, 13b) for transmitting an acceleration or deceleration torque setpoint to the wheel motors (12a, 12b);
• the thermal motor (5) to transmit an acceleration torque setpoint.
• the control box (16) is connected to the various means mentioned above, in particular to receive acceleration and deceleration instructions respectively from the accelerator pedal (7) and the brake pedal (8). . It defines the instructions and adapts them in real time to a operating strategy.
• the control box (16) thus makes it possible to emulate the assembly in a completely transparent manner for the driver, that is to say without the driver being aware of it because the driver is requesting the accelerator pedal. (7) and the brake pedal (8) in a conventional manner to accelerate or decelerate the vehicle (1).
• control unit (16) controls the thermal motor (5) to transmit an acceleration torque setpoint and the inverters (13a, 13b) to operate the wheel motors (12a, 12b) in traction mode.
• the acceleration torque setpoint transmitted to the wheel motors (12a, 12b) is compatible with the state of charge of the electric energy accumulator (14), so that an acceleration torque setpoint is not not transmitted to the inverters (13a, 13b) if the state of charge of the electric energy accumulator (14) is insufficient.
• the respective acceleration instructions transmitted to the inverters (13a, 13b) and to the thermal motor (5) are determined by the control box (16) in an intelligent manner so as to relieve the thermal motorization. (5) thanks to the electric motorization of the wheel motors (12a, 12b), while taking care to maintain a certain charge in the electric energy accumulator (14) in the case where the power of the thermal engine (5) is insufficient to meet the acceleration instruction received from the accelerator pedal.
• control box (16) comprises prioritization means for choosing whether the torque setpoint transmitted to the thermal motor (5) must be greater than that transmitted to the wheel motors (12a, 12b), and vice versa.
• the overall acceleration achieved by the wheel motors (12a, 12b) and the thermal motor (5) is in accordance with the acceleration setpoint received by the control box (16).
• the acceleration setpoint transmitted to the inverters (13a, 13b) or the thermal motor (5) may be zero, for example in the event of failure of the thermal engine (5) or in the case where the accumulator of electrical energy (14) is completely discharged.
• the control box (16) controls the retarder and the inverters (13a, 13b) to operate the wheel motors in braking mode, thereby slowing the vehicle (1).
• the deceleration torque setpoint transmitted to the inverters (13a, 13b) is compatible with the state of charge of the electric energy accumulator (14), so that such a setpoint is not transmitted if the state of charging of the electric energy accumulator (14) does not allow to receive a quantity of additional electrical energy from the wheel motors (12a, 12b) operating as current generators.
• the respective deceleration instructions transmitted to the retarder and to the inverters (13a, 13b) are determined by the control box.
• the deceleration setpoint transmitted to the retarder or the inverters (13a, 13b) may be zero, for example in the case where the electric energy accumulator (14) is at maximum load.
• the setpoint of acceleration or deceleration torque transmitted to each of the inverters (13a, 13b) also corresponds to a zero torque when at least one of the wheel motors (12a, 12b) transmits to the control box (16) information relating to a lack of adhesion of the motor-wheel (12a, 12b) concerned. This information is then transmitted via a link
• the vehicle (1) of the invention comprises an electrical network (18) usually 24 volts.
• This electrical network (18) is usually powered by the alternator (19) of the thermal engine (5).
• the thermal motor (5) can be cut, so it is necessary to supply the electrical network (18) of the vehicle (1) with the electric energy accumulator (14), for example via a current converter (20).
• the power network (18) usually supplies the various electrical means of the vehicle (1), including lighting, air conditioning and, in the case of the invention, the control housing (16).
• the invention relates to a hybridization method of a vehicle (1), for example an articulated or multi-articulated public transport bus, as described above and comprising a non-motorized complementary axle.
• This hybridization process consists in installing an electrical energy accumulator (14) on the vehicle (1) or onboard it, preferably so as not to occupy a space reserved for passengers.
• the hybridization process also consists in depositing the wheels of the complementary axle (4) and replacing them with wheel motors (12a, 12b) each connected to a dedicated inverter (13a, 13b) so as to be powered by electric energy by the electric energy accumulator (14).
• This control box (16) is connected to the accelerator pedal (7) and the brake pedal (8). Thus, the control box (16) receives the acceleration and deceleration instructions from the driver.
• the control box (16) is also connected to the inverters (13a, 13b), to the thermal motor (5) and to the retarder in order to transmit to each of them an acceleration or deceleration torque setpoint which is a function of the setpoint values. acceleration and deceleration received from the driver via the pedals (7, 8).
• control box (16) emulates the usual acceleration and deceleration control means for controlling the wheel motors (12a, 12b), the thermal motor (5) and the retarder according to the information transmitted to the pedals ( 7, 8) by the driver, without the driver experiencing a difference in driving with respect to driving a conventional vehicle.
• the vehicle (1) hybridized according to the method of the invention may advantageously comprise a function called "stop-start".
• the hybridized vehicle (1) starts using only the wheel motors (12a, 12b) and, from a certain speed, it starts the thermal engine (5) via the gearbox (6). ), which allows in particular to save fuel and not to solicit the starter of the vehicle (1).
• the electric energy accumulator (14) is not charged enough to start the vehicle (1) by means of the wheel motors (12a, 12b)
• the wheel motors (12a, 12b) are then put in braking mode in order to recharge the electric energy accumulator (14) so that at the next start, the thermal motor (5) is not requested.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
• Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2015
  • 2015-10-16 AU AU2015332266A patent/AU2015332266A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-16 US US15/517,889 patent/US20170305259A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-16 WO PCT/FR2015/052787 patent/WO2016059356A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2015-10-16 EP EP15805567.3A patent/EP3206926A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2015-10-16 CA CA2963701A patent/CA2963701A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2015-10-16 MA MA040604A patent/MA40604A/fr unknown

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