EP3259111A1 - Processus de réalisation de surfaces polymères structurées - Google Patents

Processus de réalisation de surfaces polymères structurées

Info

Publication number
EP3259111A1
EP3259111A1 EP16704558.2A EP16704558A EP3259111A1 EP 3259111 A1 EP3259111 A1 EP 3259111A1 EP 16704558 A EP16704558 A EP 16704558A EP 3259111 A1 EP3259111 A1 EP 3259111A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymeric material
forming tool
channels
planar
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16704558.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Ulrich von VACANO
Bernd Bruchmann
Robert Huber
Maik Nowak
Achim BESSER
Harald KRÖGER
Jürgen RUEHE
Mara FLOREA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP3259111A1 publication Critical patent/EP3259111A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
    • B29C59/025—Fibrous surfaces with piles or similar fibres substantially perpendicular to the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
    • B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
    • B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
    • B08B17/065—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement the surface having a microscopic surface pattern to achieve the same effect as a lotus flower
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
    • B29C2059/023—Microembossing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/22—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length
    • B29C43/222—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of indefinite length characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0093—Other properties hydrophobic

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a structured surface on a polymeric material. Fabrication is accomplished by contacting the polymeric material with a sheet forming tool comprising first side open channels having a length of at least 10 ⁇ m, and subsequently removing the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material. wherein the structured surface is obtained on the polymeric material. The contacting of the polymeric material with the planar shaping tool takes place at ambient pressure.
  • liquid repellent surfaces have become increasingly important for high performance materials, especially for self-cleaning materials in the construction and packaging industries, textiles, and medical and home appliances. In particular, water-repellent (hydrophobic) and oil-repellent (oleophobic) surfaces are important here.
  • the prior art has described various processes which are either based on the surfaces being inherently hydrophobic or oleophobic modified, for example, by being coated with a hydrophobic or oleophobic polymer film.
  • the surface can be inherently modified and functionalized with low molecular weight compounds, for example silanes or fluorinated hydrocarbons, hydrophobic or oleophobic.
  • the structure of the surface can be changed in the micrometer or nanometer range, for example by structuring or roughening the surface. Of course, combinations of the two methods are possible.
  • the structured surfaces obtained in this process essentially correspond to a one-to-one impression of the membrane used. Therefore, the ratios obtained by the described method of length of the needle-shaped or hair-like structures produced to their diameter are relatively low, which has a negative effect on the water-repellent properties of the polymeric materials thus prepared.
  • US 2013/0230695 describes a similar process in which also structured surfaces are produced on polymeric materials, wherein the structuring is hair-shaped.
  • a porous membrane is also placed on a polymeric material and then treated in vacuum between two glass plates under pressure for ten minutes. Finally, the porous membrane is stripped from the polymeric material or selectively dissolved by solvent to obtain the structured surface on the polymeric material.
  • the ratio of the length to the diameter of the hair is relatively small and also only short needles or hairs are obtained, the water-repellent effect is therefore low.
  • the method described in US 2013/0230695 is extremely expensive in terms of apparatus and time and cost, since the work under vacuum and the compression of the porous membrane with the polymeric materials and the two glass plates are absolutely necessary.
  • H.E. Jeong et al., Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 1508-1513 describes a process for the preparation of structured surfaces on polymeric materials wherein the surface is patterned in the form of hairs.
  • a closed-sided mold is applied to the polymeric material under vacuum and after at least one hour of heating deducted from the polymeric material to obtain the structured surface.
  • Another disadvantage of this method is that it is imperative to work under vacuum.
  • J. Feng, Macromol. Mater. Closely. 2010, 295, 859-864 also describes a process for producing structured surfaces on polymeric materials.
  • the structuring is carried out by an etched metal mold whose structures have a depth of about 2 ⁇ .
  • the metal mold is applied under pressure to the polymeric material and then peeled off. This results in structured surfaces, which, however, have no hair-like structuring.
  • This procedure requires the strong adhesion or entanglement of molten polymer with the rough shape, since this has only very small depth and little undercuts.
  • the process is susceptible to adhesion reducing processes, for example, by polymer residues that can remain and add to the rough, shallow surface.
  • adhesion-reducing substances such as release agents or slip additives, which are added regularly as processing aids in engineering plastics
  • release agents or slip additives which are added regularly as processing aids in engineering plastics
  • Lee, Y., et al., Soft Matter 2012, 8, 4905-4910 also describes a process for producing structured surfaces on polymeric materials.
  • the polymeric material is applied to a single-sided alumina forming die and then heated for about three hours.
  • the forming tool includes channels used to pattern the surface of the polymeric material.
  • the forming tool is then removed from the polymeric film by etching or peeling. In order to allow removal of the mold, it is necessary to modify the surface of the forming tool prior to use. This makes the process extremely time consuming and costly.
  • the structured surfaces produced by the described method have a hairy structure, wherein the length and the diameter of the hairs substantially correspond to the length and the diameter of the channels of the forming tool.
  • the hairs on the structured surface have relatively low length to diameter ratios.
  • DE 10 2013 109 621 likewise describes a process for producing structured surfaces on polymeric materials.
  • a composite of a first plate and a second plate, which is a polymer plate is provided.
  • a third plate is heated to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer of the second plate and pressed onto the second plate.
  • the third plate is peeled off again, with hairs forming on the surface of the second plate.
  • a disadvantage of the method described in DE 10 2013 109 621 is that an accurate prediction of the arrangement, length, number and diameter of the hair is not possible. Therefore, the water-repellent properties of the structured surfaces are not exactly predictable. As a result, the surface properties of the polymeric materials can not be reliably reproduced.
  • the method should in particular be simple and inexpensive to carry out.
  • This object is achieved by a method for producing a structured surface of a polymeric material with a planar shaping tool comprising a first side and a second side, wherein the first side of the planar shaping tool channels having a length of at least 10 ⁇ and the first side, comprising the steps of: i) providing the polymeric material,
  • step ii) contacting the polymeric material provided in step i) with the first side of the planar forming tool
  • step iii) removing the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material to obtain a structured surface on the polymeric material, wherein step ii) is carried out at ambient pressure.
  • the structured surfaces thus produced on the polymeric material have a very high hydrophobicity.
  • the structured surfaces may comprise hairs whose length, diameter and shape can be precisely adjusted by the method according to the invention.
  • the inventive method is also very fast and thus extremely inexpensive to carry out, especially because in one embodiment of the invention with a contact pressure in the range of only 0 to 25 kPa is used and also takes place the contacting of the polymeric material with the planar forming tool at ambient pressure.
  • the process is also suitable for a continuous process, for example a roll-to-roll process.
  • a surface of a polymeric material is structured with a flat shaping tool.
  • Suitable polymeric materials are all polymeric materials known to those skilled in the art.
  • the polymeric material is a polymeric film or sheet, more preferably a polymeric film.
  • a "polymeric plate” is understood as meaning a polymeric material having a thickness in the range of> 1 mm to 100 mm.
  • a "polymeric film” is understood as meaning a polymeric material having a thickness in the range from 30 ⁇ m to 1 mm , preferably in the range of 50 m to 500 ⁇ , understood.
  • the polymeric material usually has a thickness in the range of 30 ⁇ to 100 mm, preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ to 10 mm and particularly preferably in the range of 50 ⁇ to 1 mm.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the polymeric material provided in step i) has a thickness in the range from 30 ⁇ to 100 mm.
  • the polymeric material contains at least one polymer.
  • the polymeric material may contain exactly one polymer. It is also possible that the polymeric material contains two or more polymers. If the polymeric material contains two or more polymers, these may, for example, be present as a homogeneous mixture in the polymeric material. It is also possible that the two or more polymers are present in the polymeric material as composite materials, so for example in the form of layers. Such composite materials are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material are all known in the art polymers that are thermoplastically processable.
  • the at least one polymer is for example selected from the group consisting of amorphous, partially crystalline and crystalline thermoplastically processable polymers.
  • the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of amorphous and partially crystalline thermoplastically processable polymers.
  • the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material usually has a glass transition temperature T G.
  • the glass transition temperature T G is for example in the range from -50 to 250 ° C., preferably in the range from -20 to 200 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from -10 to 180 ° C., determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DTA) according to ISO 11357- second
  • the "glass transition temperature T G" is understood to mean the temperature at which the at least one polymer solidifies on cooling to a glassy solid.
  • the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material has a melting temperature T M when the at least one polymer is a partially crystalline or crystalline thermoplastically processable polymer.
  • the melting temperature T of the at least one polymer is then usually in a range from 40 to 400 ° C., preferably in the range from 60 to 300 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from 80 to 250 ° C., determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DTA) DSC).
  • the "melting temperature T M " of the polymer is understood to mean the temperature at which the crystalline fraction of a partially crystalline or crystalline polymer completely changes from the solid state to the liquid state and thus the polymer is completely present as a homogeneous melt. in the case of an amorphous polymer, the melting temperature T M of the polymer is equal to the glass transition temperature T G of the polymer.
  • the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyolefins, polystyrene, polystyrene / maleic anhydride copolymers, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, acrylate copolymers, methacrylate copolymers , Polyesters, polyoxymethylene, polyamides, polyimides, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyether ketones, polyethersulfones, copolymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable polyolefins are, for example, polyethylene and polypropylene, as well as their copolymers.
  • Suitable polyacrylates and polymethacrylates are prepared from monomeric acrylates and methacrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate.
  • Acrylate copolymers and ethacrylate copolymers are preferably copolymers of acrylates or methacrylates with further acrylates or methacrylates or styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl ethers or maleic anhydride.
  • Suitable polyesters are, for example, polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate, polyhydroxybutyrate, polylactide or cellulose acetate.
  • the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, copolymers of polystyrene, polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyurethanes.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the polymeric material contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, copolymers of polystyrene, polyesters, polyamides, polycarbonates and polyurethane.
  • the polymeric material is a polymeric film containing as the at least one polymer a polyolefin.
  • the planar shaping tool comprises a first side and a second side.
  • the flat forming tool may include other pages.
  • the first side of the sheet forming tool is opposite to the second side of the sheet forming tool, and more preferably, the first side of the sheet forming tool and the second side of the sheet forming tool are aligned parallel to each other.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a method in which the first side of the planar shaping tool lies opposite the second side of the planar shaping tool.
  • first side of the planar forming tool faces the second side of the planar forming tool, this means in the context of the present invention that the first side lies spatially opposite the second side.
  • the first page of the Flat forming tool can then be aligned parallel or not parallel to the second side of the planar forming tool, it is preferably aligned in parallel.
  • a planar shaping tool is understood to mean that only the surface of the polymeric material is modified by the surface of the planar shaping tool. The further form of the polymeric material is not changed by the planar shaping tool.
  • the thickness of the planar shaping tool is then, for example, in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm, and preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • planar shaping tool As a flat shaping tool are all known to those skilled planar shaping tools.
  • the planar shaping tool can be designed, for example, as a stamp, as a roll, as a cylinder or as a band. It is also possible that the planar shaping tool is applied to a stamp a roller, a cylinder or a belt. If the planar shaping tool is applied to a stamp, a roller, a cylinder or a band, the second side of the planar shaping tool faces the stamp, the roller, the cylinder or the band.
  • the first page is the stamp, the role, the cylinder or the tape turned away accordingly.
  • the first side of the planar shaping tool comprises channels which have a length of at least 10 ⁇ m and which are open towards the first side.
  • the term "open to the first side" in the context of the present invention is understood to mean that the penetration of fluids from the first side of the forming tool into the channels is possible.
  • the channels are open in addition to the second side of the sheet forming tool and continuous between the first and second sides and allow fluid communication between the first side and the second side of the sheet forming tool.
  • the subject of the present invention is thus also a method in which the channels are open in addition to the second side and continuous between the first side and the second side and allow a fluid exchange between the first side and the second side of the planar shaping tool.
  • a fluid exchange between the first side of the planar shaping tool and the surroundings on the second side of the planar shaping tool through the channels is possible.
  • the subject of the present invention is thus also a method in which the channels are open in addition to the second side and continuous between the first side and the second side and a fluid exchange between the first side of the planar forming tool and the environment on the second side of the planar Allow shaping tool.
  • fluids are understood to mean both gases and liquids, ie if the channels permit fluid exchange between the first side and the second side of the planar mold, this means that an exchange of gases and liquids is involved Liquids between the first side and the second side of the sheet-like molding tool through the channels is possible.
  • the channels can have any desired cross section. They may, for example, have a polygonal, a round or an oval cross-section. Preferably, the channels have a round or oval cross-section.
  • the length of the channels is preferably in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 5 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 1 mm and particularly preferably in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of the channels is generally in the range from 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 1 to 20 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 10 ⁇ m. Most preferably, the channels are isophoric.
  • isopore is understood to mean that all channels have the same diameter
  • a “same diameter” is understood to mean that the diameter of the channels with one another is at most +/- 20% differs by at most +/- 10% and more preferably by +/- 5%.
  • the present invention thus also relates to a method in which the channels of the planar shaping tool have a diameter in the range from 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the mean distance of the channels is usually in the range of 1.5 ⁇ the average diameter of the channels to 10 ⁇ the average diameter of the channels, preferably in the range of 2 ⁇ the average diameter of the channels to 5 ⁇ the average diameter of the channels.
  • the mean diameter of the channels is understood to be the diameter of the channels, averaged over the diameter of all the channels of the planar shaping tool. Processes for this are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the diameter of the individual channels is determined in the case of channels which have a cross-section which differs from the round shape, by averaging over the different diameters. For example, the diameter of a channel of oval cross section is determined by determining the smallest and largest diameters of the channel and then calculating the average of these diameters to determine the diameter of the channel. Processes for this are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the mean distance of the channels is defined as the average distance between the center of a first channel and the center of all other channels.
  • the mean distance of the channels can be determined by evaluating the radial distribution function of the channels.
  • dn (r) indicates the number of channels that are in an interval dr at the distance r from the first channel.
  • N / A is the average density of channels, ie the number N of channels per area A.
  • the number of channels in the planar shaping tool is preferably in the range of 500 to 10,000,000 channels per mm 2 and more preferably in the range of 10,000 to 1,000,000 channels per mm 2 .
  • a microscope image of the planar shaping tool can be evaluated by means of image analysis.
  • the function g (r) is then defined as N here is the number of channels per area A.
  • yi indicates the coordinates of the i-th channel.
  • X j , y j indicates the coordinates of the jth channel.
  • the average spacing of the channels is, for example, in the range from 0.2 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
  • planar shaping tool can be produced from all materials known to the person skilled in the art which are suitable as a flat shaping tool.
  • the planar forming tool may be made of a metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, glass, silicon, a polymer, and mixtures thereof.
  • the sheet forming tool contains a polymer
  • the polymer has a higher glass transition temperature and a higher melting point than the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • Suitable metals from which the planar shaping tool can be produced are, for example, selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, copper, gold, silver, platinum or palladium.
  • Suitable metal alloys are for example selected from the group consisting of bronze, brass or nickel silver.
  • Polymers selected from the group consisting of polycarbonates, polydimethylsiloxane, polyamides, polyimides, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyether ketones or polysulfones are suitable as polymers from which the planar shaping tool can be produced.
  • the present invention thus also relates to a method in which the planar shaping tool is made of a metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, glass, silicon or a polymer.
  • planar shaping tool contains mixtures of a metal, a metal alloy, a ceramic, glass, silicon or a polymer
  • the planar shaping tool may contain the materials homogeneously mixed.
  • the planar shaping tool it is possible for the planar shaping tool to be made of metal and then coated with a polymer.
  • step i) the polymeric material is provided.
  • Methods of providing polymeric materials are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the polymeric material can be provided by extrusion, casting, knife coating, spraying, calendering, pressing or blow molding.
  • the polymeric material may be provided, for example, in the form of rolls or as plates.
  • the polymeric material may be provided in step i) at any temperature which is below the decomposition temperature of the polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material is provided at the temperature at which step ii) is carried out. It is further preferred that the polymeric material be provided at a lower temperature than step ii) and that the polymeric material be heated to the appropriate temperature only during step ii).
  • the temperature during step i) is in the range of -30 to 350 ° C, preferably in the range of 0 to 100 ° C and particularly preferably in the range of 10 to 40 ° C.
  • step ii) the polymeric material provided in step i) is brought into contact with the first side of the sheet forming tool. Step ii) is carried out at ambient pressure.
  • the polymeric material may be brought into contact with the sheet forming tool by laying the sheet forming tool on the polymeric material. It is also possible that the polymeric material is placed on the planar shaping tool. In addition, for example, the planar shaping tool can be guided over the polymeric material such that the planar shaping tool and the polymeric material touch each other.
  • Ambient pressure is understood to mean the pressure in the vicinity of the polymeric material and the planar shaping tool Ambient pressure in the range of 600 to 1 100 mbar, preferably in the range of 800 to 1 100 mbar and particularly preferably in the range of 950 to 1 050 mbar.
  • Ambient pressure is also referred to as air pressure or atmospheric pressure.
  • step ii) is not performed in vacuum.
  • the polymeric material provided in step i) is therefore not brought into contact with the first side of the planar shaping tool in a vacuum.
  • the present invention thus also relates to a process in which step ii) is not carried out under vacuum.
  • the polymeric material is contacted in step ii) preferably at a first temperature with the first side of the sheet forming tool.
  • the first temperature is usually above the glass transition temperature T G of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material, and more preferably the first temperature Ti is above the melting temperature T M of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the polymeric material contains at least one polymer having a glass transition temperature T G and the polymeric material in step ii) is at a first temperature T 1 above the glass transition temperature T G of the at least one polymer. is brought into contact with the first side of the sheet-like molding tool.
  • the first temperature Ti at which the polymeric material is contacted in step ii) with the first side of the sheet forming tool, at least 1 ° C, preferably at least 5 ° C and more preferably at least 10 ° C above the glass transition temperature T G.
  • the melting temperature T of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material Preferably, the melting temperature T of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • the first temperature T 1 at which the polymeric material is brought into contact with the first side of the planar molding tool in step ii) is usually below the decomposition temperature of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • the first temperature Ti in step ii) is preferably in the range of 50 to 350 ° C "particularly preferably in the range of 80 to 280 ° C and most preferably in the range of 120 to 220 ° C.
  • the polymeric material may be brought to the first temperature administrat while being brought into contact with the sheet forming tool in step ii). It is also possible that the polymeric material is already provided in step i) at this first temperature Ti.
  • the polymeric material is contacted in step ii) with the first side of the planar forming tool with a contact pressure in the range of 0 to 25 kPa, preferably in the range of 0 to 10 kPa and more preferably in the range of 0 to 5 kPa. Most preferably, the polymeric material in step ii) is brought into contact with the first side of the sheet forming tool without pressure.
  • the contact pressure is not more than 0.5 kPa, preferably not more than 0.1 kPa and most preferably not more than 0.05 kPa
  • the contact pressure is not more than 0.5 kPa, preferably not more than 0.1 kPa and most preferably not more than 0.05 kPa
  • the contact pressure is not more than 0.5 kPa, preferably not more than 0.1 kPa and most preferably not more than 0.05 kPa
  • the polymeric material in step ii) is brought into contact with the first side of the planar shaping tool for a time of at most 1 minute, preferably of at most 20 seconds and especially preferably of at most 10 seconds.
  • the time for which the polymeric material is contacted with the first side of the sheet forming tool in step ii) is usually at least 1 second, preferably at least 2 seconds and most preferably at least 5 seconds.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the polymeric material in step ii) is brought into contact with the first side of the planar shaping tool for a time of at most one minute.
  • the time for which the polymeric material is contacted with the first side of the sheet forming tool in step ii) is also referred to as "contact time".
  • contact time in the context of the present invention refers to the time during which the polymeric material is brought into contact with the first side of the planar shaping tool and during the first temperature ⁇ in the areas of the polymeric material directly touching the tool Glass transition temperature T G , preferably above the melting temperature T M of at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore also a method for structuring a surface of a polymeric material with a planar shaping tool, which comprises a first side and a second side, wherein the first side of the planar shaping tool comprises channels which are open to the first side comprising the steps
  • step II contacting the polymeric material provided in step I) with the first side of the planar forming tool for a contact time of at most one minute
  • step III) removing the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material to obtain a textured surface on the polymeric material.
  • steps I) and II) of this method the previously described embodiments and preferences for the steps i) and ii) apply accordingly.
  • step III) of this method the following described embodiments and preferences for step iii) apply accordingly.
  • a portion of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material flows into the channels of the planar forming tool by capillary forces.
  • step iii) the sheet forming tool is removed from the polymeric material to obtain a textured surface on the polymeric material.
  • any of the methods known to those skilled in the art may be used to remove the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material.
  • the removal in step iii) can be done by peeling off the polymeric material from the sheet forming tool, by peeling off the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material, by etching away the sheet forming tool, or by dissolving the sheet forming tool.
  • the planar shaping tool is removed from the polymeric material and / or the polymeric material is removed from the planar shaping tool.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is thus also a method in which the removal of the planar shaping tool from the polymeric material takes place in step iii) by withdrawing the planar forming tool from the polymeric material and / or stripping the polymeric material from the planar forming tool.
  • Step iii) is usually carried out at a second temperature T 2 .
  • the second temperature T 2 at which step iii) is performed generally depends on how the sheet forming tool is removed from the polymeric material.
  • the polymeric material is removed from the planar forming tool and / or the planar forming tool is removed from the polymeric material.
  • the second temperature T 2 is then preferably below the first temperature ⁇ - ⁇ of step ii).
  • the second temperature T 2 is preferably above the glass transition temperature T G and below the melting temperature T of the at least one polymer contained in the polymeric material.
  • the second temperature T 2 during step iii) is preferably in the range from -30 to 350 ° C., particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 100 ° C. and particularly preferably in the range from 10 to 60 ° C.
  • step ii) and during step iii) a fluid exchange between the first side of the planar shaping tool and the surroundings on the second side of the planar shaping tool through the channels is possible.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a method in which, during step ii) and during step iii), a fluid exchange between the first side of the planar shaping tool and the surroundings on the second side of the planar shaping tool through the channels is possible.
  • the structured surface Upon removal of the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material, the structured surface is obtained. At locations of the surface of the polymeric material on which the channels contained in the planar shaping tool rest, the structured surface on the polymeric material usually has hairs.
  • the structured surface on the polymeric material obtained in step iii) therefore preferably comprises hair-like structures comprising a multiplicity of hairs.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the structured surface obtained in step iii) on the polymeric material comprises hair-like structures comprising a multiplicity of hairs.
  • a “multiplicity of hairs” is understood to mean, for example, in the range from 500 to 10,000,000 hairs per mm 2 , and particularly preferably in the range from 10,000 to 1,000,000 hairs per mm 2 .
  • “Substantially equal” in the context of the present invention means that the number of hairs per mm 2 on the structured surface is not more than 50%, preferably not more than 20% and in particular preferably by a maximum of 10% smaller than the number of channels per mm 2 in the planar shaping tool.
  • a hair-like structure is meant that the ratio of the length of the hair-like structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material to the diameter of the hair-like structure of the structured material surfaces of the polymeric material is in the range of 2 to 400, preferably in the range from 3 to 300, and more preferably in the range of 5 to 200.
  • the subject of the present invention is thus also a method in which the ratio of the length of the hair-like structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material to the diameter of the hairs of the hair hair-shaped structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material is in the range of 2 to 400.
  • the length of the hairs of the hair-like structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material is preferably in the range of 50 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a method in which the hairs of the hair-like structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material have a length in the range from 50 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the diameter of the hairs of the hair-like structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m and particularly preferably in the range from 1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the present invention thus also provides a process in which the hairs of the hair-like structures of the structured surface of the polymeric material have a diameter in the range from 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the length of the hairs of the hair-like structures and the diameter of the hairs of the hair-like structures can be determined by all methods known to those skilled in the art. They are preferably determined by evaluation of light or electron micrographs.
  • the average diameter is averaged over the different diameters. For example, in a hair having an oval cross section, the largest and the smallest diameter are determined, and then the mean of these two diameters is determined and assumed as the diameter of such a hair.
  • the diameter of a hair of the hair-like structures changes over its length
  • the diameter in the context of the present invention is determined to be half the length of the hair, ie half the height of the hair.
  • the mean length of the hairs of the hair-like structures is greater than the average length of the channels of the shaping tool. This is particularly the case when the structured surface of the polymeric material is made by peeling off the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material and / or by peeling off the polymeric material from the sheet forming tool.
  • the average diameter of the hairs of the hair-like structures is preferably smaller than the average diameter of the channels of the planar shaping tool. This is especially the case when the structured surface of the polymeric material is made by peeling off the sheet forming tool from the polymeric material and / or by peeling off the polymeric material from the sheet forming tool.
  • mean diameter of the hairs of the hair-like structures is meant the diameter of the hairs of the hair-like structures, averaged over the diameter of all hairs of the hair-like structures of the polymeric material.
  • the mean hair length of the hair-like structures is understood to be the length of the hair-like structure hairs, averaged over the length of all the hair-like structures of the polymeric material.
  • the mean diameter of the channels is understood to be the diameter of the channels, averaged over the diameter of all the channels of the planar shaping tool. Processes for this are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the mean length of the channels is understood to mean the length of the channels, averaged over the length of all the channels of the planar shaping tool. Processes for this are known to the person skilled in the art. Methods for determining the mean hair length of the hair-like structures and the channels are known to the person skilled in the art as well as methods for determining the mean diameter of the hair-like structures and the channels. Particularly suitable is the investigation by means of scanning electron microscopy in the secondary electron contrast in the plan view and on cross sections of the structured material.
  • the structured surfaces of the polymeric materials produced according to the invention are characterized by a high hydrophobicity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a planar shaping tool according to the invention with a first side 1, wherein the first side 1 comprises channels 3 with a length b which are open towards the first side 1. To the second page 2, the channels 3 are closed.
  • the planar shaping tool has a thickness a which is greater than the length b of the channels 3 when the second side 2 of the planar shaping tool is closed.
  • FIG. 2 shows another planar forming tool according to the invention with a first side 1, the planar shaping tool comprising channels 3 which are open to the first side 1 and to the second side 2.
  • the channels 3 thus enable a fluid exchange between the first side 1 and the second side 2.
  • the length b of the channels 3 corresponds for example to the thickness a of the planar forming tool, if the channels 3 are arranged perpendicular to the first side 1 and perpendicular to the second side 2 ,
  • HDPE film having a thickness of 500 ⁇ was provided by pressing HDPE polymer granules between two heated press plates for 5 minutes at 150 ° C in a press mask with 500 ⁇ strength. After a 5 minute press at a load of 20 kN, the plates were cooled in the press and the resulting HDPE film was removed after reaching a temperature near room temperature.
  • a polyethylene film (LDPE film) with a thickness of about 200 ⁇ was used, as it is commercially available from the company Goodfellow.
  • a polypropylene film (PP film) with a thickness of 500 m was prepared by Moplen HP 400 H granules (LyondellBasell Industries Holdings) analogous to the HDPE film between two heated press plates for 5 minutes at 220 ° C in a press mask melted with 500 m thickness. After a 5 minute press at a load of 20 kN, the plates were cooled in the press and the resulting PP film was removed after reaching a temperature near room temperature.
  • a poiystyrene (PS) film with a thickness of 500 .mu.m was obtained by granulation PS 158 K (Styrolution) analogous to the HDPE film between two heated press plates for 5 minutes at 190 ° C in a press mask with 500 pm thickness was melted. After a 5 minute press at a load of 20 kN, the plates were cooled in the press and the resulting PS film was removed after reaching a temperature near room temperature.
  • Sheet Forming Tool Four different Isopore TM polycarbonate membranes, each 20 ⁇ m thick and having average diameters of the channels of 0.6 ⁇ m, 1, 2 ⁇ m, 3.0 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m from Merck Millipore, were used. The channels were continuous and open on both sides. In addition, a polycarbonate membrane with average diameters of the channels of 1 pm from Whatman was used and a polycarbonate membrane with average diameters of the channels of 5 pm from Sterlitech. The membranes had a thickness of 20 pm, the channels were continuous and open on both sides. Nickel foils 14 pm thick with 4 pm average diameter channels and 8 pm mean channel spacing, and 10 pm thick nickel foil with 7 pm channel diameters and 11 pm mean channel spacing Company Temicon GmbH, Dortmund, were also used. The channels were continuous and open on both sides.
  • Nickel foil as a two-ply laminate with discontinuous pores and a total thickness of 27 ⁇ m was used.
  • the shaping layer was 5 pm thick with round channels (length of the channels: 5 pm, mean diameter of the channels: 1, 5 pm, mean distance of the channels: 3 pm).
  • the cover layer was also made of nickel, thickness 22 pm, and had no pores.
  • Structured silicon wafer made by microlithography.
  • the flat forming tool had a total thickness of 500 ⁇ m.
  • the channels were closed on one side and had a square cross section with an edge length of 8 x 8 pm.
  • the mean distance of the channels was 40 pm.
  • the length of the channels was 20 pm.
  • the wetting behavior of the obtained structured surfaces was determined by means of water contact angle measurement.
  • a Dataphysics OCA20 goniometer was used, with water drops of 10 ⁇ _ volume. Lower volume drops could not be deposited on the extremely water repellent structured surfaces.
  • the rolling angle of the drops of water from the textured surface was determined to be the angle at which the polymeric material had to be tilted from the horizontal until the drop started to move.
  • the inclination angle was gradually increased from a horizontal orientation starting from 0 °. All measurements were made at room temperature and ambient conditions. The values given in each case represent the mean value of 5 measurements at different points of the polymeric material.
  • Example 1 Structuring of an HDPE Film by means of Polycarbonate Membranes, General Specification
  • the HDPE film (2 x 2 cm) was heated to 150 ° C on a hot plate, the polycarbonate membrane was placed under atmospheric pressure and weighted with a weight of 100 g. This corresponds to a contact pressure of 2.5 kPa. After 15 seconds, the polymeric material along with the sheet forming tool was removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C). When the HDPE film had a temperature of about 40 ° C, the membrane was manually peeled from the HDPE film, cooled to room temperature, and analyzed for the structured surface of the HDPE film. The analysis data are summarized in Table 1.
  • Example 2 Structuring of an LDPE Film by means of Polycarbonate Membranes, General Procedure
  • the LDPE film (2 ⁇ 2 cm) was heated to 140 ° C. on a hotplate, the polycarbonate membrane was placed under atmospheric pressure and weighted with a weight of 100 g , The resulting contact pressure was 2.5 kPa.
  • the polymeric material was removed from the hot plate together with the sheet forming tool and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C).
  • the LDPE film had a temperature of about 40 ° C
  • the membrane was manually stripped from the LDPE film, cooled to room temperature, and the structured surface of the LDPE film analyzed.
  • Table 2 The analysis data is summarized in Table 2.
  • Example 3 Modification of a Polypropylene Film Using Polycarbonate Membranes, General Procedure
  • the PP film (2 ⁇ 2 cm) was heated to 190 ° C. on a hot plate, and the polycarbonate membrane was placed under atmospheric pressure without any weight load. After 5 seconds, the polymeric material was removed from the hot plate together with the sheet forming tool and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C).
  • the PP film had a temperature of about 40 ° C
  • the membrane was manually peeled from the PP film, cooled to room temperature, and the structured surface of the PP film analyzed.
  • Table 3 The analysis data are summarized in Table 3.
  • Example 4 Structuring of a PP film by means of a nickel foil, general specification
  • the PP film (2 x 2 cm) was heated to 190 ° C on a hot plate, the nickel foil was placed under atmospheric pressure and weighted with a weight of 100 g. The resulting contact pressure is 2.5 kPa. After 60 seconds, the polymeric material was removed from the hot plate together with the sheet forming tool and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C). When the PP film had a temperature of about 40 ° C, the nickel foil was pulled off the PP film by hand, cooled to room temperature and analyzed the structured surface of the PP film. The analysis data is summarized in Table 4.
  • Example 5 Structuring of an HDPE Film by means of a Nickel Foil, General Specification
  • the HDPE film (2 ⁇ 2 cm) was heated to 150 ° C. on a hot plate, the nickel foil was placed under atmospheric pressure and weighed 100 g complained. The resulting contact pressure was 2.5 kPa. After 15 seconds, the polymeric material along with the sheet forming tool was removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C). When the temperature of the HDPE film was about 40 ° C, the nickel foil was manually peeled from the HDPE film, cooled to room temperature, and analyzed for the structured surface of the HDPE film. The analysis data are summarized in Table 5.
  • Example 6 Structuring of a PS foil by means of a nickel foil, general specification
  • the PS film (2 ⁇ 2 cm) was heated to 230 ° C. on a hot plate, the nickel foil was placed under atmospheric pressure and weighted with a weight of 100 g, corresponding to a contact pressure of 2.5 kPa. After 60 seconds, the polymeric material was removed from the hot plate together with the sheet forming tool and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C). When the temperature of the PS film was about 40 ° C, the nickel foil was manually peeled from the PS film, cooled to room temperature, and the structured surface of the PS film was analyzed. The analysis data are summarized in Table 6.
  • Example 7 Structuring a polymer film by means of polycarbonate membranes, and subsequent removal of the membrane by means of solvent
  • the polymeric materials (2 x 2 cm) were heated on a hot plate.
  • the HDPE film was heated to 150 ° C and the PP film to 190 ° C.
  • the polycarbonate Membrane was placed at atmospheric pressure, weighted at the HDPE film with a weight of 100 g, corresponding to a contact pressure of 2.5 kPa, the PP film was operated without weight load.
  • the polymeric materials were removed from the hot plate together with the sheet forming tool and cooled to 23 ° C. Subsequently, the polymeric materials were immersed together with the polycarbonate membrane in dichloromethane as a solvent, whereby the polycarbonate membrane dissolved.
  • the PE film or PP film was dried and the structured surfaces of the polymeric materials were analyzed.
  • Table 7 The analysis data is summarized in Table 7.
  • Comparative Example 8 Structuring of an HDPE Film by means of a Nickel Foil with a Length of the Channels of 5 ⁇ m
  • the HDPE film (2 ⁇ 2 cm) was heated to 150 ° C. at atmospheric pressure on a hotplate, the nickel foil was laid down and weighed down to a weight of 100 g. The resulting contact pressure was 2.5 kPa. After 15 seconds, the polymeric material along with the sheet forming tool was removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C). When the temperature of the HDPE film was about 40 ° C, the nickel foil was manually peeled from the polymeric material, cooled to room temperature, and analyzed for the structured surface of the HDPE film. No structures according to the invention could be obtained on the surface.
  • Example 9 Structuring of an HDPE film by means of a structured silicon wafer with a length of the channels of 20 m
  • the HDPE film (2 x 2 cm) was heated to 150 ° C on a hot plate, the structured silicon wafer was placed at atmospheric pressure and weighted with a weight of 100 g, corresponding to a contact pressure of 2.5 kPa. After 15 seconds, the polymeric material along with the sheet forming tool was removed from the hot plate and allowed to cool at room temperature (23 ° C). When the HDPE film had a temperature of about 40 ° C, the sheet forming tool was manually peeled from the HDPE film, cooled to room temperature, and analyzed for the structured surface of the HDPE film. Hair-like structures according to the invention were obtained on the structured surface. The mean length of the hair-like structures was 40 m. The contact angle of water on the structured surface was determined at 160 °, the rolling angle was 5 °. The average diameter of the hair, determined by scanning electron microscopy and measuring the hairs on the scale micrographs was 0.9 ⁇ .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'une surface structurée sur un matériau polymère. La réalisation est effectuée par mise en contact du matériau polymère avec un outil de façonnage plan qui comporte, sur une première face (1), des canaux (3) ouverts en direction ladite première face (1), qui présentent une longueur (b) d'au moins 10 μm, puis par le retrait de l'outil de façonnage plan du matériau polymère, la surface structurée étant obtenue sur ledit matériau polymère. La mise en contact du matériau polymère avec l'outil de façonnage plan est effectuée sous pression ambiante.
EP16704558.2A 2015-02-16 2016-02-08 Processus de réalisation de surfaces polymères structurées Withdrawn EP3259111A1 (fr)

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EP1207189A3 (fr) * 2000-11-17 2002-12-11 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour le revêtement d'appareils ou parties d' appareils
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