EP3327744B1 - Vorrichtung zur erfassung des vakuumverlusts in einer vakuumröhre, und vakuum-unterbrechungsgerät, das eine solche vorrichtung enthält - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur erfassung des vakuumverlusts in einer vakuumröhre, und vakuum-unterbrechungsgerät, das eine solche vorrichtung enthält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3327744B1
EP3327744B1 EP17189138.5A EP17189138A EP3327744B1 EP 3327744 B1 EP3327744 B1 EP 3327744B1 EP 17189138 A EP17189138 A EP 17189138A EP 3327744 B1 EP3327744 B1 EP 3327744B1
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Prior art keywords
screen
interrupter
floating
potential
additional
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EP17189138.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3327744A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Picot
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/668—Means for obtaining or monitoring the vacuum

Definitions

  • the present invention thus relates to a device for detecting the loss of vacuum in a vacuum interrupter of a vacuum interrupting device, said interrupting device being located in a powered primary electrical network and the contacts of the interrupter being housed in an envelope, said envelope housing a fixed electrode secured to one of the aforementioned funds and supporting a fixed contact, and a mobile electrode supporting a mobile contact, said mobile electrode being slidably mounted across the other of the two funds, between a position closed position of the device in which the moving contact is in contact with the fixed contact and an open position of the device in which the moving contact is separated from the fixed contact, this detection being carried out by the method of measuring the electrical discharges between the contacts and at least one conductive screen with floating potential respectively surrounding at least one electrode and electrically connected to ground.
  • the problem of detecting the loss of vacuum in a bulb in service can be solved by a deformable bellows system, which provides a late indication from the moment when the pressure has risen to a notable fraction (for example 10% or 100mbar ) atmospheric pressure, as described in the patent WO2007070700 .
  • Another way of detecting the reduction in the dielectric properties of the vacuum when the pressure exceeds 10 -2 mbar consists of detecting the discharges which occur between, on the one hand, the electrodes (fixed and mobile contacts) brought to the operating voltage and 'on the other hand, a potential screen floating which surrounds them, by measuring the potential difference existing between these electrodes and this screen when a bulb is in use.
  • This detection of discharges can be done either by measuring the electromagnetic wave signals generated when the pressure increases inside the bulb, or by capacitive coupling between the floating screen and the ground via the capacitance of the discharge detection circuit, by measuring the increase in the potential difference between the floating screen and the ground, as described in the patents, US 4553139 , WO 02/49057 (Meidensha ), EP 1 763 049 And EP 2 463 883 .
  • the discharges stop when the bulb is raised to atmospheric pressure (Patm), due to the insulating properties of air at 1 bar and the design rules for bulbs to guarantee satisfactory dielectric strength during vacuum type tests between the electrodes and the screen.
  • the voltage difference between the electrodes (contacts) and the floating screen is relatively small, due to the weak capacitive coupling between the floating screen and ground surrounding.
  • the discharges are therefore likely to occur transiently, during the passage through the trough of the Paschen curve under the effect of a leak, and to be interrupted when the air pressure has risen sufficiently in the bulb.
  • the indication given by the loss of vacuum indicator therefore risks being only transitory and brief, which leads to a difficulty of interpretation and the need to reliably memorize the passage through the trough of the Paschen curve in order to warn the operator of the fact that a bulb whose pressure has risen to atmospheric pressure is in a fault situation.
  • the detector continues to indicate a permanent fault in the bulb when it has risen to atmospheric pressure.
  • the document EP 1763049 describes the fact that the capacitive coupling between the floating potential screen and ground is greatly increased when the bulb is coated with solid insulation covered with a grounded conductive layer. This increases the voltage difference applied between the electrodes under the operating voltage and the screen. This principle makes it possible to simplify the detection of discharges but the discharges are not maintained at Patm.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes a device for detecting the loss of vacuum in a vacuum interrupter making it possible to obtain a reliable and maintained indication over the entire pressure range going from approximately 10 -2 mbar to Patm, by method of measuring electric discharges, without removing the vacuum breaking device from the electrical network, as well as a vacuum breaking device comprising such a device.
  • the subject of the present invention is a device for detecting the loss of vacuum in a vacuum interrupter according to claim 1.
  • the so-called first means for increasing the electric field between the floating potential screen and the electrodes are supported at least partially by said screen.
  • the so-called first means comprise specific shapes provided on the floating potential screen and/or on an additional conductive screen located opposite said floating potential screen, said additional conductive screen being mounted around one of the electrodes to which it is electrically connected so as to be at the same electric potential.
  • this additional conductive screen is a bellows protection screen or a bulb insulating protection screen, brought to the network voltage.
  • the distance between the aforementioned additional conductive screen and the floating potential screen is a few millimeters and/or aggressive shapes are provided on the additional conductive screen and/or on the floating potential screen.
  • the so-called first means are positioned in the bulb on the side of the bulb remaining energized when the bulb is open or on both sides.
  • this floating potential screen comprising a cylindrical conductive strip pressed against the internal face of the insulating part of the envelope can be an elastic split metal ring or a layer of conductive material deposited on this internal face.
  • the so-called second means for increasing the capacitive coupling between the aforementioned screen and the ground consist in that the bulb is of the type coated in a shielded or screened solid insulation covered with a conductive layer connected to the potential of mass.
  • the aforementioned floating potential screen has a T shape comprising a point oriented towards the additional conductive screen, and a bar oriented towards the mass in order to increase the surface and therefore the capacity on that side .
  • the value of the aforementioned electric field is increased so as to reach a value of 3kV/mm under the effect of the operating voltage, this value being greater than the ionization threshold of the air at Patm.
  • these so-called primary means are located in an electrically closed zone of the bulb so that the discharges which occur there do not risk propagating to the inter-contact space or along the insulator of the bulb during dielectric tests.
  • these so-called primary means are located in an additional volume of the bulb dedicated to the detection of discharges, this volume being added to one of the ends of the bulb, and communicating with the main volume of the bulb. bulb through at least one orifice provided in the wall separating the two volumes of the bulb.
  • the bulb includes an additional insulator dedicated to this additional volume or a single insulator extended to cover the aforementioned additional zone of the bulb.
  • the detection of discharges is carried out by capacitive detection of discharges or by detection of electromagnetic waves produced by means of a radio antenna.
  • the present invention also relates to a medium voltage vacuum electrical cut-off device comprising a discharge detection device comprising the previously mentioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.
  • a pole I of a vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum interrupter and its coating
  • said bulb commonly comprising for the three embodiments, and in a manner known per se, an envelope E of substantially cylindrical shape closed by two funds 1,2.
  • the envelope contains a fixed electrode 3 relative to said envelope, and a movable electrode 4 relative to said envelope, the two electrodes each supporting at their free end respectively a fixed contact 5 and a movable contact 6, said movable electrode being movable between a contact position of the two contacts and a separate position of the two contacts.
  • the envelope comprises a cylindrical part 7 made of ceramic closed by two end covers 8.9 crossed respectively by the two aforementioned electrodes 3.4.
  • the bulb also includes two additional conductive screens 12,13 electrically connected, one to the mobile electrode 4, and the other to the fixed electrode 3.
  • the ceramic part of the envelope E is coated in a solid insulation 14 (typically epoxy resin) screened, covered with a conductive layer 15 connected to the ground potential.
  • a solid insulation 14 typically epoxy resin
  • the metallized exterior surface of this pole is connected to the mass M via a so-called measuring capacitor not shown belonging to a circuit for measuring the potential difference between the aforementioned electrodes and a so-called floating screen, placed between the 'one of the electrodes and ground.
  • the dielectric strength between the mobile electrode 4 and the ceramic part E is reduced, and a reduction in the difference in temperature can be measured.
  • the curve represents the so-called critical electrical voltage as a function of the pressure in the switch. This curve describes the principle that there is always a critical electrical voltage for a certain distance between the electrodes at a given pressure, allowing the electrical current to discharge into the gas.
  • This electrical voltage for a certain distance corresponds to the minimum disruptive field, (valid only for the right branch of the Paschen curve), which is an electrical voltage per unit of length (V/m) expressed in this case classically in kV /mm).
  • this voltage corresponds to Ds.
  • the electric current is discharged into the gas from a potential difference equal to Up between the electrodes and the floating potential screen, the value of Ds less than Up being decreasing then progressive between these two values.
  • this problem is solved by increasing (widening) the pressure interval within which electrical discharges are likely to occur, so that this interval reaches the value of atmospheric pressure.
  • This is achieved by increasing the value of the electric field between the electrodes (contacts) 3,4 and the floating potential screen 16, when these electrodes are at network voltage.
  • the figure 1 shows that when we go from the field corresponding to the Up voltage to a field corresponding to the UHP voltage, the pressure interval allowing the detection of discharges increases, and reaches the value of atmospheric pressure, so as to allow the detection of discharges. discharges up to this atmospheric pressure value.
  • the present invention uses specific forms of conductive screens of the electrode 4 or floating screen in order to increase the electric field between the conductors and the floating screen under the influence of a potential of the ground close to the screen, the switch being covered with solid shielded insulation.
  • Electrodes and screens are thus intended solely for the detection of loss of vacuum and make it possible to obtain a sufficient electric field between the electrodes and the screen so that the air ionization threshold is exceeded at atmospheric pressure and that discharges occur even after the pressure rises to atmospheric pressure.
  • this vacuum switch comprises, on the side of the movable contact 6, a floating screen 16, this screen being formed by a cylindrical conductive strip pressed against the internal face of the insulating part of the envelope E and, located opposite this strip , a tip 17 projecting from the exterior surface of an additional conductive screen 13 surrounding the mobile electrode 4 and at the same potential as this electrode.
  • the floating potential screen 16 faces an assembly comprising a central electrode 4 and an additional conductive screen 13 brought to the network voltage.
  • the distance between the conductive screen 13 and the floating potential screen 16 must be relatively reduced, advantageously of a few millimeters, or else aggressive shapes can be provided on the screen 16 or the additional screen 13, such as the tip 17 illustrated on this figure 2 .
  • this aggressive shape could consist of the edge of one or more thin discs provided on the conductive screen or the floating screen.
  • the switch comprises a floating screen 16a in the form of a conductive strip such as in the previous embodiment, this strip being placed this time opposite the other electrode 3 associated with the fixed contact 5.
  • This risk linked to the presence of this additional electrode and the local strengthening of the electric field in the bulb A which is associated with it is a reduction in the resistance performance of the bulb during dielectric tests.
  • the position of the sensor will advantageously correspond to the side of the bulb remaining energized when the bulb is open (most often the side of the busbar). When the bulb is closed, which corresponds to the most frequent situation in service, the position of the sensor is of course irrelevant.
  • a fallback solution is to add an additional part to the bulb to accommodate the sensor function in an electric field configuration corresponding to that of the closed bulb, presenting no risk of propagation of a partial breakdown between the central electrode and the sensor electrode (or floating screen), the potential being the even on either side of the conductive strip 16.
  • the wall separating the “sensor” and “cutoff” zones would not extend as far as the ceramic, but would support the screen 22 protecting the cutoff chamber, leaving a reduced interval between the ceramic and the screen. In the latter case, even if the volume appears less “closed”, the field configuration is equivalent, and the risk of propagation of a partial breakdown is avoided.
  • the principle of this fallback solution is therefore to provide an additional section of the bulb, dedicated to the vacuum loss sensor function, in which the configuration of the central electrode 23 (or conductive screen) facing the screen floating 16b of the sensor is U-shaped.
  • This screen is constituted by all the live conductors of the network facing the sensor 16b in the volume 18, that is to say the old end cover 8, the electrode 3 and the new end cover 8a, the surface of these three parts having a U-shaped configuration.
  • This U-shaped configuration therefore creates an electric field of essentially radial orientation relative to the cylindrical mass which surrounds, and to the floating electrode of the sensor, called floating screen, interposed between the conductive screen and this cylindrical mass.
  • this U-shaped compartment can be provided both on the fixed contact side (shown on the figure 4 ) than the moving contact side of the bulb.
  • the detection of partial discharges occurring between the floating screen 16 of the sensor and the conductors under operating voltage can be done either by the electromagnetic disturbances emitted, as described in the patent mentioned at the beginning, or more simply by capacitive coupling with the sensor electrode.
  • This capacitive coupling is easily achievable in the case of a bulb coated in screened solid insulation using a dedicated area of the screen 15, facing the internal electrode of the sensor and connected to the rest of the screen and to ground by the measuring capacitance of the discharge detection circuit.

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  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Detektion des Vakuumverlustes in einer Vakuumröhre A eines Vakuumschaltgeräts, wobei sich das Schaltgerät in einem gespeisten elektrischen Primärnetz befindet und die Kontakte (5, 6) der Röhre A in einem Gehäuse E aufgenommen sind, das durch zwei Böden verschlossen wird, aufnehmend eine feststehende Elektrode (3), die mit einem der vorgenannten Böden fest verbunden ist und einen feststehenden Kontakt (5) trägt, und eine bewegliche Elektrode (4), die einen beweglichen Kontakt (6) trägt, wobei die bewegliche Elektrode (4) verschieblich durch den anderen der beiden Böden hindurch montiert ist, zwischen einer geschlossenen Stellung des Geräts, in welcher der bewegliche Kontakt (6) in Kontakt mit dem feststehenden Kontakt (5) ist, und einer geöffneten Stellung des Geräts, in welcher der bewegliche Kontakt (6) von dem feststehenden Kontakt (5) getrennt ist, wobei diese Detektion durch die Methode des Messens der elektrischen Entladungen zwischen den Kontakten und mindestens einem leitenden Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16), der mindestens eine Elektrode (3, 4) umgibt, ausgeführt wird, wobei diese Vorrichtung in Kombination sogenannte erste Mittel beinhaltet, um das elektrische Feld zwischen den Elektroden (3, 4) und dem vorgenannten Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) zu verstärken, und sogenannte zweite Mittel, um die kapazitive Kopplung zwischen dem vorgenannten Schirm (16, 16a, 16b) und der Masse M zu verstärken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) ein zylindrisches leitendes Band beinhaltet, das gegen die Innenseite eines isolierenden Teils des Gehäuses gepresst wird und den Schirm von der Masse trennt, und dadurch, dass die ersten Mittel und die zweiten Mittel so zusammenwirken, dass die lonisationsschwelle der Luft bei atmosphärischem Druck überschritten wird, damit die elektrischen Entladungen sich selbst nach dem Wiederansteigen des Drucks auf den atmosphärischen Druck fortsetzen.
  2. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten ersten Mittel zum Verstärken des elektrischen Felds zwischen dem Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) und den Elektroden (3, 4) mindestens teilweise von dem Schirm (16) getragen werden.
  3. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten ersten Mittel aggressive Formen umfassen, die auf dem Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) und/oder auf einem leitenden zusätzlichen Schirm (12, 13), der gegenüber dem Schirm auf Schwebepotential gelegen ist, vorgesehen sind, wobei der zusätzliche Schirm um die eine der Elektroden herum montiert ist, mit der er elektrisch so verbunden ist, dass er auf dem gleichen elektrischen Potential ist.
  4. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten ersten Mittel aggressive Formen umfassen, die auf einem leitenden zusätzlichen Schirm (12, 13) vorgesehen sind, und dadurch, dass dieser leitende zusätzliche Schirm ein Balgschutzschirm (13) oder ein Isolatorschutzschirm der Röhre (12) ist, der auf die Spannung des Netzes gebracht wird.
  5. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten ersten Mittel aggressive Formen umfassen, die auf einem leitenden zusätzlichen Schirm (12, 13) vorgesehen sind, und dass der Abstand zwischen dem vorgenannten leitenden zusätzlichen Schirm (12, 13) und dem Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) einige Millimeter beträgt und/oder aggressive Formen (17) auf dem zusätzlichen Schirm (12, 13) und/oder auf dem Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) vorgesehen sind.
  6. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten ersten Mittel in der Röhre A auf der Seite der Röhre positioniert sind, die unter Spannung bleibt, wenn die Röhre geöffnet ist, oder aber auf beiden Seiten.
  7. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dieser Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b), der ein zylindrisches leitendes Band beinhaltet, das gegen die Innenseite eines isolierenden Teils des Gehäuses gepresst wird, ein elastischer geschlitzter metallischer Ring oder aber eine auf diese Innenseite aufgebrachte Schicht aus leitendem Material ist.
  8. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten zweiten Mittel zum Verstärken der kapazitiven Kopplung zwischen dem vorgenannten Schirm (16, 16a, 16b) und der Masse M darin bestehen, dass die Röhre von dem Typ ist, der in eine abgeschirmte oder geschirmte feste Isolierung (14) eingebettet ist, die mit einer leitenden Schicht (15) überzogen ist, die mit dem Potential der Masse M verbunden ist.
  9. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vorgenannte Schirm auf Schwebepotential (16, 16a, 16b) eine T-Form aufweist, die eine zum zusätzlichen leitenden Schirm (12, 13) hin ausgerichtete Spitze und einen zu der Masse M hin ausgerichteten Querstrich beinhaltet, um die Fläche und somit die Kapazität dieser Seite zu vergrößern.
  10. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wert des vorgenannten elektrischen Feldes unter der Wirkung der Betriebsspannung 3 kV/mm beträgt.
  11. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sogenannten ersten Mittel in einem geschlossenen Bereich der Röhre A lokalisiert sind, damit die Entladungen, die darin entstehen, nicht Gefahr laufen, sich bei dielektrischen Tests in einen Kontaktzwischenraum oder entlang eines Isolators der Röhre auszubreiten.
  12. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese sogenannten ersten Mittel in einem zusätzlichen Raum (18) der Röhre lokalisiert sind, der zur Detektion der Entladungen bestimmt ist, wobei dieser Raum an einem der Enden der Röhre angefügt ist und mit dem Hauptraum (19) der Röhre durch mindestens eine Öffnung kommuniziert, die in der Trennwand der beiden Räume der Röhre vorgesehen ist.
  13. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Röhre einen zusätzlichen Isolator (20) beinhaltet, der für diesen zusätzlichen Raum (18) bestimmt ist, oder aber einen einzigen Isolator, der verlängert ist, um den vorgenannten zusätzlichen Bereich der Röhre A zu bedecken.
  14. Vorrichtung zur Detektion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Detektion der Entladungen durch kapazitive Detektion der Entladungen oder aber durch Detektion der erzeugten elektromagnetischen Wellen mittels einer Funkantenne ausgeführt wird.
  15. Elektrisches Mittelspannungsvakuumschaltgerät, das eine Vorrichtung zur Detektion der Entladungen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche beinhaltet.
EP17189138.5A 2016-11-28 2017-09-04 Vorrichtung zur erfassung des vakuumverlusts in einer vakuumröhre, und vakuum-unterbrechungsgerät, das eine solche vorrichtung enthält Active EP3327744B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1661565A FR3059461A1 (fr) 2016-11-28 2016-11-28 Dispositif de detection de la perte de vide dans une ampoule a vide et appareil de coupure a vide comportant un tel dispositif

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EP3327744A1 EP3327744A1 (de) 2018-05-30
EP3327744B1 true EP3327744B1 (de) 2023-11-29

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EP17189138.5A Active EP3327744B1 (de) 2016-11-28 2017-09-04 Vorrichtung zur erfassung des vakuumverlusts in einer vakuumröhre, und vakuum-unterbrechungsgerät, das eine solche vorrichtung enthält

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Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57148830A (en) * 1981-03-11 1982-09-14 Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd Vacuum degree checker for vacuum interrupter
JP3168751B2 (ja) * 1992-04-02 2001-05-21 富士電機株式会社 真空バルブの真空漏れ検知方法および装置
JP4169024B2 (ja) * 2005-09-13 2008-10-22 株式会社日立製作所 真空開閉装置
FR3023650B1 (fr) * 2014-07-10 2016-08-19 Alstom Technology Ltd Interrupteur isole par du vide autorisant un test du vide, ensemble d'interrupteur et procede de test

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FR3059461A1 (fr) 2018-06-01

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