EP3338916A1 - Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à partir d'une substance pulvérulente - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à partir d'une substance pulvérulente Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3338916A1
EP3338916A1 EP16206210.3A EP16206210A EP3338916A1 EP 3338916 A1 EP3338916 A1 EP 3338916A1 EP 16206210 A EP16206210 A EP 16206210A EP 3338916 A1 EP3338916 A1 EP 3338916A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
component
cross
areas
insert elements
cavities
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16206210.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Maria Zivcec
Roland Schneider
Robert Spring
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Priority to EP16206210.3A priority Critical patent/EP3338916A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2017/080761 priority patent/WO2018114254A1/fr
Priority to US16/471,631 priority patent/US11148359B2/en
Priority to CN201780075256.0A priority patent/CN110035850A/zh
Priority to EP17804575.3A priority patent/EP3558567A1/fr
Priority to KR1020197019468A priority patent/KR102390703B1/ko
Priority to JP2019534744A priority patent/JP2020503454A/ja
Publication of EP3338916A1 publication Critical patent/EP3338916A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/40—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards
    • B22F10/47—Structures for supporting workpieces or articles during manufacture and removed afterwards characterised by structural features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/40—Structures for supporting 3D objects during manufacture and intended to be sacrificed after completion thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/602—Making the green bodies or pre-forms by moulding
    • C04B2235/6026—Computer aided shaping, e.g. rapid prototyping
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the layered production of a component made of powdery material according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Abrasive machining tools such as drill bits, saw blades, cutting wheels or grinding wheels, comprise machining segments which are fastened to a tubular or disk-shaped base body.
  • the machining segments are referred to as drilling segments, saw segments, separating segments or abrasive segments and summarized under the term "machining segments".
  • the processing segments are constructed of powdery material and cutting elements in the form of hard particles.
  • machining segments with randomly distributed hard material particles and machining segments with defined hard material particles.
  • the powdery material and the hard particles are mixed and filled into a suitable mold and first formed by cold pressing into a green compact.
  • the green body In processing segments with defined arranged hard material particles, the green body is built up layer by layer of powdery material, in which the hard material particles are placed at defined positions. In the case of randomly distributed hard material particles and defined arranged hard material particles, the green compacts are compacted by hot pressing and / or sintering into usable processing segments.
  • Machining segments with randomly distributed hard material particles have several disadvantages: Since the hard material particles are also on the surface of the green compacts, the tool molds required for cold-pressing the green compacts are subject to high wear. In addition, the distribution of the hard material particles in the green body does not correspond to the application-optimal distribution.
  • the disadvantages of machining segments with randomly distributed hard material particles mean that, despite high-quality machining tools the higher costs are mainly used machining segments with defined arranged hard particles.
  • the hard material particles are picked up by means of a suction plate and positioned over the layer structure.
  • the suction force By reducing the suction force or by a short burst of compressed air, the hard particles are released from the suction plate and placed in the upper powder layer of the layer structure.
  • the blast of compressed air may only be so great that the powdery material is not displaced and the hard material particles are arranged at the intended defined positions of the distribution.
  • Another disadvantage is that the hard material particles are arranged only loosely on or in the upper powder layer.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the integration of inserts into components manufactured in layers.
  • the integration of the insert elements should be largely automated during the layered production of the component and the insert elements are to be integrated with high accuracy in the component.
  • the method for the layered production of a component made of powdery material according to the invention is characterized in that during the layered production of the component loose powder particles, which are arranged within a cross-sectional area or within a plurality of successive cross-sectional areas in the construction direction, at least partially removed from the component.
  • the removal of loose powder particles from the component can be done for example by suction or blowing. Because loose powder particles are at least partially removed from the component during the layered production of the component, cavities or support structures can be produced in the component, into which insert elements can be inserted. The insert elements are integrated into the component during the layered production of the component.
  • Components which are produced in layers by means of the method according to the invention consist of several successive cylindrical cross-sectional areas with a two-dimensional cross-sectional area perpendicular to the construction direction and a layer thickness parallel to the construction direction, wherein the cross-sectional areas are formed as a straight cylinder with an arbitrary cross-sectional area.
  • the outer surface of the cylindrical cross-sectional areas separates the area "within the component” from the area "outside of the component” from.
  • Loose powder particles, which are arranged during the layered production of the component within the outer lateral surface of a cross-sectional area or within the outer lateral surfaces of a plurality of cross-sectional areas, are at least partially removed from the component during the layered production.
  • powdery materials which are also referred to as material powders.
  • material powders include all materials that are solid in the initial state and are made from loose, i. unconnected, powder particles exist. Powdered materials may consist of a material powder or be composed as a mixture of different material powders.
  • setting areas for insert elements are defined in the component, and loose powder particles of the powdery material surrounding the setting areas are connected to one another.
  • the powder particles of the powdery material, which surround the setting areas, are connected to one another and delimit the setting areas for the insert elements from the rest of the component.
  • setting volumes are defined for the insert elements, which, like the component, are broken down into a setting region or into a plurality of successive setting regions.
  • the settling volumes are delimited from the surrounding component by cavities or closed support structures.
  • the interconnected powder particles of the powdery material form cavities or closed support structures and allow at least a partial removal of the powdery material.
  • the cavities or closed support structures reduce the risk that the insert elements are displaced when applying a further powder particles of the powdery material and make it possible to integrate the insert elements with high accuracy in the component.
  • insert elements summarizes all elements that can be integrated into a component. These include, inter alia, cutting elements, sensor elements, material fillings and placeholder elements.
  • cutting elements summarizes all cutting tools for abrasive machining tools. These include above all individual hard material particles (particles of hard materials), composite parts of several hard material particles and coated or encapsulated hard material particles. Hard materials are characterized by a special hardness. Hard materials can be subdivided into natural and synthetic hard materials and metallic and non-metallic hard materials. The natural hard materials include natural diamonds, corundum and other hard minerals and the synthetic hard materials include synthetic diamonds, refractory carbides, borides, nitrides and silicides.
  • the metallic hard materials include, among others, the refractory carbides, borides, nitrides and silicides of the transition metals of the fourth to sixth group of the periodic table and the non-metallic hard materials include diamond, corundum, other hard minerals, silicon carbide and boron carbide.
  • cavities for the insert elements are built up in layers in the component, and the insert elements are arranged within the cavities during the layered production.
  • the insert elements are placed in the cavities, which prevent the insert elements from being displaced when applying a further powder layer of the powdery material, so that the defined positions of the insert elements can be maintained with high accuracy during the layer construction.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the component which comprise the setting areas it is particularly preferable to define material areas in addition to the setting areas and for the cross-sectional areas of the component which do not include setting areas, material areas are defined, the loose powder particles of the pulverulent material being connected to one another in the material areas and Material areas limit the cavities for the insert elements. Due to the fact that the powder particles of the pulverulent material are connected to one another in the material regions, the setting regions for the insert elements are limited by the cylindrical lateral surfaces of the material regions and the loose powder particles in the setting regions can be removed from the component. The cylindrical lateral surfaces of the material regions form the cavities and surround the setting regions for the insert elements. In each cavity of the component, which has the required operating height, at least one insert element is arranged. In this case, an insert element, a plurality of identical insert elements or different insert elements can be arranged in a cavity.
  • the construction of cavities in the context of the first variant of the method has the advantage that the powder particles of the powdery material outside the cavities are connected to each other and thus accidental removal of powdered material from the material areas is not possible.
  • the complete connection of the powder particles in the material areas requires a high manufacturing outlay and increases the proportion of unwanted additional components, for example in the form of an adhesive or binder, in the component.
  • Undesirable additional components in a component formed as a green component must be removed by hot pressing and / or sintering in a subsequent compacting process. If the additional components can not be completely removed, the quality of the compacted component may suffer.
  • loose powder particles of the pulverulent material are at least partially removed from a cavity when the cavity has an insertion height required for arranging the insert elements.
  • the required operating height of the cavities depends, among other things, on the type and size of the insert elements.
  • the required use height of the cavities may be different for the same insert elements within the component and depend on the spatial placement of the insert elements in the component.
  • each cavity, which has the required deployment height at least one insert element is arranged. In this case, an insert element, a plurality of identical insert elements or different insert elements can be arranged in a cavity.
  • the cavity can be filled with a special material or an adhesive.
  • a special material lends itself when the layered component for densification is subjected to subsequent processing by hot pressing and / or sintering and the insert elements are damaged during hot pressing and / or sintering by the powdery material.
  • the use of an adhesive is useful when insert elements have an orientation and should be arranged in the correct orientation in the cavity.
  • closed support structures for the insert elements are built up in layers in the component and the insert elements are arranged within the support structures during the layered production.
  • a support structure is referred to as closed when the support structure in the construction plane of the component has a closed circumference and the setting area is completely surrounded by the support structure.
  • the insert elements are placed in the support structures, which prevent the insert elements from being displaced when applying a further powder layer of the powdery material, so that the defined positions of the insert elements can be maintained with high accuracy during the layer construction.
  • the construction of closed support structures in the context of the second variant of the method has the advantage over the first variant of the method that the manufacturing effort when creating the support structures and the proportion of unwanted additional components, for example in the form of an adhesive or binder, is reduced compared to cavities in material areas ,
  • the cross-sectional areas of the component which include the setting areas, defined support rings, wherein the support rings surround the setting areas.
  • the support rings form the closed support structures for the insert elements, wherein the support structures are formed from a support ring or a plurality of support rings successive in the construction direction.
  • cross-sectional shapes for the support rings are all closed cross-sectional shapes, wherein the cross-sectional shape is particularly adapted to the geometry of the insert elements.
  • the cross-sectional areas of the component comprise at least one outer cylindrical lateral surface, which is also referred to as outer lateral surface.
  • the cross-sectional areas additionally comprise one or more inner cylindrical lateral surfaces, which are also referred to as inner circumferential surfaces.
  • inner circumferential surfaces For the outer and inner circumferential surfaces of the component boundary rings are defined, wherein the boundary rings of the outer circumferential surfaces are referred to as outer boundary rings or outer rings and the boundary rings of the inner circumferential surfaces as inner boundary rings or inner rings.
  • boundary ring includes both “outer boundary rings” and “inner boundary rings”.
  • the outer boundary rings have outer geometries that correspond to the outer circumferential surfaces of the cross-sectional areas, and the inner boundary rings have internal geometries corresponding to the inner circumferential surfaces of the cross-sectional areas.
  • loose powder particles of the powdery material are at least partially removed from a support structure when the support structure has a deployment height required for arranging the insert elements.
  • the required application height of the support structures depends, among other things, on the type and size of the insert elements.
  • the required deployment height of the support structures may be different for the same insert elements within the component and depend on the spatial placement of the insert elements in the component.
  • each support structure, which has the required deployment height at least one insert element is arranged. In this case, an insert element, a plurality of identical insert elements or different insert elements can be arranged in a support structure.
  • the support structure can be filled with a special material or an adhesive.
  • a special material lends itself when the layered component for densification is subjected to subsequent processing by hot pressing and / or sintering and the insert elements are damaged during hot pressing and / or sintering by the powdery material.
  • the use of an adhesive is useful when insert elements have an orientation and should be arranged in the correct orientation in the support structure.
  • FIG. 1 shows a formed as a cuboid component 10 , which is produced by means of the method according to the invention for the layered production of a component made of powdery material with defined arranged insert elements and hereinafter referred to as the first component 10.
  • the first component 10 is produced in a layer structure of five superimposed cylindrical cross-sectional areas 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, which are stacked on one another in a construction direction 16.
  • the cuboid 10 is disassembled in the construction direction 16 in the five cylindrical cross-sectional areas 11-15, which in the FIGS. 2A-E are shown. It shows FIG. 2A the first cross-sectional area 11, FIG. 2 B the second cross-sectional area 12, FIG. 2C the third cross-sectional area 13, FIG. 2D the fourth cross-sectional area 14 and FIG. 2E The fifth cross-sectional area 15.
  • Each cross-sectional area 11-15 of the first component 10 includes one or more areas of material made of powdered material and may have one or more seating areas.
  • the setting areas form cavities for insert elements which are to be arranged in the first component 10.
  • the cavities may consist of a setting area or a plurality of setting areas 16 in succession.
  • the material regions of the i-th cross-sectional region are referred to as i-th material regions and the setting regions of the i-th cross-sectional region are referred to as i-th settling regions.
  • the first cross-sectional area 11 comprises a first material area 17, the second cross-sectional area 12 comprises a second material area 18 and five second setting areas 19, the third cross-sectional area 13 comprises a third material area 21 and nine third setting areas 22, the fourth cross-sectional area 14 comprises a fourth material area 23 and Four fourth setting regions 24 and the fifth cross-sectional region 15 comprise a fifth material region 25.
  • FIGS. 3A , B show a first and second cross section through the first component 10 of FIG. 1 parallel to the construction direction 16 along the cutting planes AA in the FIGS. 2A-E ( FIG. 3A ) and along the cutting planes BB in the FIGS. 2A-E ( FIG. 3B ).
  • the five cross-sectional areas 11-15 of the first component 10 are arranged one above the other in the construction direction 16.
  • FIG. 3A shows two first cavities 26 and a second cavity 27
  • FIG. 3B shows a first cavity 26 and two second cavities 27.
  • the first and second cavities 26, 27 have the same cross-sectional shape and the same insertion height.
  • the first cavities 26 may have a first cross-sectional shape and a first insert height
  • the second cavities 27 may have a second cross-sectional shape and a second insert height, which are different from one another.
  • Different cross-sectional shapes and / or different insert heights for the first and second cavities are useful when different first and second insert elements are arranged in the first and second cavities.
  • FIGS. 4A-T show the successive process steps of the method according to the invention for the layered production of the first component 10 of FIG. 1 made of powdery material 41 with defined arranged insert elements 42.
  • the first component 10 is formed as a green compact and is compressed in a subsequent compression process, for example by hot pressing and / or sintering to a machining segment for an abrasive machining tool.
  • the first component 10 is produced from the powdery material 41 and insert elements in the form of cutting elements, which are formed as individual hard material particles 42.
  • the hard material particles 42 originate from a mixture of hard material particles which are characterized by a minimum diameter D min and a maximum diameter D max , wherein 95% of the hard material particles are larger than the minimum diameter D min and smaller than the maximum diameter D max .
  • the first component 10 is produced in layers by means of a device which comprises a height-adjustable construction plane 43, a powder feed and a print head. With the aid of the powder feed, a first powder layer 44 of the powdery material 41 with the first layer thickness d 1 is applied ( FIG. 4A ). In the first material region 17, the print head applies a first adhesive layer which connects the loose powder particles of the first powder layer 44 in the first material region 17 (FIG. FIG. 4B ). The construction plane 43 is lowered in an adjustment direction 45 parallel to the construction direction 16 by the second layer thickness d 2 ( FIG. 4C ) and a second powder layer 46 of the powdery material 41 is applied by means of the powder feed ( FIG. 4D ).
  • the print head applies a second adhesive layer, which connects the loose powder particles of the second powder layer 46 in the second material region 18, wherein the powder particles are not joined in the second set regions 19 (FIG. FIG. 4E ).
  • the assembly plane 43 is lowered in the adjustment direction 45 by the third layer thickness d 3 ( FIG. 4F ) and a third powder layer 47 of the powdery material 41 is applied by means of the powder feed ( FIG. 4G ).
  • the print head applies a third adhesive layer which connects the loose powder particles of the third powder layer 47 in the third material region 21, wherein the powder particles in the third setting regions 22 are not connected ( FIG. 4H ).
  • the application height of the first cavities 26 is achieved after the application of the third powder and adhesive layers and the hard material particles 42 can be arranged in the first cavities 26.
  • the deployment height of the first cavities 26 is referred to below as the first deployment height h 1 .
  • the first insertion height h 1 is greater than the maximum diameter D max of the hard material particles 42.
  • a first insertion height h 1 which is greater than the maximum diameter D max of the hard material particles 42, has the advantage that the placed hard material particles 42 are almost completely in the first cavities 26 are arranged and the risk that hard particles 42 are displaced when applying a further powder layer, is greatly reduced.
  • the hard material particles 42 may be surrounded by a special material that is different from the powdery material 41.
  • the hard material particles 42 can be protected from damage by chemical reactions with the powdery material 41 in a subsequent compression process, for example by hot pressing or sintering.
  • special materials for hard material particles 42 in the form of diamond particles are, for example, cobalt powder or bronze powder.
  • the hard material particles 42 are surrounded by a special material 48 .
  • the loose powder particles of the powdery material 41 are sucked off in the region of the first cavities 26 with the aid of a suction device 49 (FIG. FIG. 4I ).
  • a first template 50A is placed on the layer structure, which releases the first cavities 26, and the loose powder particles of the powdery material 41 are removed from the first cavities 26, for example by suction.
  • the first cavities 26 are partially filled with the special material 48 ( FIG. 4J )
  • the hard material particles 42 are placed in the first cavities 26 ( FIG. 4K ) and the first cavities 26 are then completely filled with the special material 48 ( FIG. 4L ).
  • This variant has the advantage that the hard material particles 42 are completely surrounded by the special material 48 and the Danger that the hard material particles 42 are damaged during hot pressing and / or sintering by a chemical compound with the powdery material 41, is reduced as much as possible.
  • the layer structure of the first component 10 is continued.
  • the assembly plane 43 is lowered in the adjustment direction 45 by the fourth layer thickness d 4 and a fourth powder layer 51 of the powdery material 41 is applied by means of the powder feed ( FIG. 4M ).
  • the print head applies a fourth adhesive layer, which connects the loose powder particles of the fourth powder layer 51 in the fourth material region 23, wherein the powder particles in the fourth set regions 24 are not connected ( FIG. 4N ).
  • the insert height of the second cavities 27 is reached after the application of the fourth powder and adhesive layer and the cutting elements 42 can be arranged in the second cavities 27.
  • the deployment height of the second cavities 27 is referred to below as the second deployment height h 2 , wherein the second deployment height h 2 is greater than the maximum diameter D max of the hard material particles 42.
  • the hard material particles 42 of the second cavities 27 are embedded in the special material 48 like the hard material particles 42 of the first cavities 26.
  • the filling of the second cavities 27 with the hard material particles 42 and the special material 48 can analogously to that in the FIGS. 4J , K, L shown two-part filling process of the first cavities 26 take place, in which a first part of the special material 48 is filled before arranging the hard material particles 42 and a second part of the special material 48 after arranging the hard material particles 42.
  • the two-part filling process of the first and second cavities 26, 27 with the special material 48 can be simplified.
  • the alternative provides that the hard material particles 42 are placed in the cavities 26, 27 after the suction of the loose powder particles and the cavities 26, 27 are filled with the special material 48 after arranging the hard material particles 42.
  • the example of the second cavities 27 describes the alternative, which is referred to as a one-piece filling method.
  • the one-piece or two-part filling process for the special material 48 is generally used.
  • the one-piece filling method is described using the example of the second cavities 27, but can also be used when filling the first cavities 26 with special material 48.
  • the loose powder particles are in the region of the second cavities 27 with the aid of the suction device 49 and a second template 50 B, which releases the second cavities 27, sucked ( FIG. 4O ).
  • an adhesive 52 may be used that fixes the hard material particles 42.
  • the use of the adhesive 52 has the advantage that the orientations and positions of the hard material particles 42 are not changed when applying a further material layer or a special material.
  • the properties of the adhesive 52 used are adapted to the powdery material 41, the hard material particles 42 and / or the special material 48.
  • the second cavities 27 are filled with the adhesive 52, the hard material particles 42 are placed in the adhesive 52 (FIG. FIG.
  • first the insert elements 42 are arranged in the second cavities 27 and the second cavities 27 are subsequently filled with special material 48.
  • first of all the special material 48 can be introduced into the second cavities 27 and then the insert elements 42 are placed in the special material 48.
  • the layer structure of the first component 10 is continued.
  • the construction plane 43 is lowered in the adjustment direction 45 by the fifth layer thickness d 5 (FIG. FIG. 4R ) and a fifth powder layer 53 of the powdery material 41 is applied to the build-up plane 43 with the aid of the powder feed ( FIG. 4S ).
  • the print head applies a fifth adhesive layer, which connects the loose powder particles of the fifth powder layer 53 in the fifth material region 25 ( FIG. 4T ).
  • the layer structure of the first component 10 is completed.
  • the first component 10 is compressed in a subsequent compression process, for example by hot pressing and / or sintering, to form a machining segment for an abrasive machining tool.
  • the first component 10 is produced in layers from five material regions 17, 18, 21, 23, 25 with the same powdery material 41.
  • the material regions of the first component 10 may be made of different powdered materials 41.
  • a first powdery material can be used for the first material region and a second pulverulent material for the further material regions, the properties of the first pulverulent material being with respect to the connection of the machining segments Basic body and the Properties of the second powdery material with respect to the mechanical connection of the cutting elements 42 are selected.
  • a weldable first powdered material is selected.
  • the insert elements 42 are embedded in the special material 48, wherein the filling of the first and second cavities 26, 27 takes place in a one-part or two-part filling process.
  • the insert elements 42 need not be embedded in the special material 48.
  • the insert elements 42 in the first and second cavities 26, 27 may be placed in the powdery material 41, the powdery material 41 in this case being only partially removed from the first and second cavities 26, 27.
  • the use of a special material 48 lends itself when the first component 10 for compaction is subjected to a subsequent processing by hot pressing and / or sintering and the insert elements 42 are damaged during hot pressing and / or sintering by the powdery material 41 used.
  • the special material 48 is selected so that it forms a chemical bond with the powdery material 41 and mechanically binds the insert elements 42.
  • FIGS. 5A-E show a further component 60 which is formed as a cuboid and with the aid of the inventive method for the layered production of a component of five superimposed cylindrical cross-sectional areas 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 is constructed in a construction direction 66 . It shows FIG. 5A the first cross-sectional area 61, FIG. 5B the second cross-sectional area 62, FIG. 5C the third cross-sectional area 63, FIG. 5D the fourth cross-sectional area 64 and FIG. 5E the fifth cross-sectional area 65.
  • the component 60 is produced from a pulverulent material 67 and insert elements in the form of cutting elements, which are formed as individual hard material particles 42, and is referred to below as the second component 60.
  • the insert elements 42 are arranged at defined positions in the second component 60, wherein the distribution of the insert elements 42 for the first and second component 10, 60 match.
  • the first cross-sectional area 11 forms the underside of the first component 10
  • the second component 60 is constructed on a substrate 68 as a base.
  • the substrate 68 is, for example, a thin metal plate, which is connected to the base body of an abrasive machining tool in a subsequent machining process.
  • the first cross-sectional region 61 comprises a first outer ring 69 with a first outer circumferential surface 70 and first support rings 71, which surround the first setting regions 72 .
  • the second cross-sectional region 62 comprises a second outer ring 73 with a second outer circumferential surface 74 and second support rings 75, which surround second setting regions 76 .
  • the third cross-sectional area 63 includes a third outer ring 77 having a third outer circumferential surface 78 and third support rings 79 surrounding third seating regions 80.
  • the fourth cross-sectional area 64 comprises a fourth outer ring 81 with a fourth outer circumferential surface 82 and fourth support rings 83, which surround fourth setting areas 84.
  • the fifth cross-sectional area 65 includes a fifth outer ring 85 with a fifth outer circumferential surface 86.
  • the outer rings 69, 73, 77, 81, 85 of the cross-sectional areas 61-65 are constructed in the form of a rectangular cylinder and delimit the second component 60 from the surrounding powdery material 67.
  • the setting areas 72, 76, 80, 84 are square and surrounded by square support rings 71, 75, 79, 83.
  • the closed square support rings 71, 75, 79, 83 other closed cross-sectional shapes may be used for the support rings.
  • FIGS. 6A , B show a first and second cross section through the second component 60 parallel to the mounting direction 66 along the cutting planes AA in the FIGS. 5A-E ( FIG. 6A ) and along the cutting planes BB in the FIGS. 5A-E ( FIG. 6B ).
  • the five cross-sectional areas 61-65 of the second component 60 are arranged one above the other in the direction of construction 66.
  • an outer geometry is generated which prevents the escape of powdery material 67 from the second component 60.
  • the outer geometry of the second component 60 is formed by the substrate 68 and the outer rings 69, 73, 77, 81, 85.
  • the substrate 68 is connected to the first outer ring 69
  • the first outer ring 69 is connected to the second outer ring 73
  • the second outer ring 73 is connected to the third outer ring 77
  • the third outer ring 77 is connected to the fourth outer ring 81
  • the fourth outer ring 81 is connected to the fifth outer ring 85.
  • the second component 60 has five first support structures 87 and four second support structures 88 .
  • the first support structures 87 are constructed by the first, second and third support rings 71, 75, 79 and have a first insertion height h 1 .
  • the second support structures 88 are constructed by the first, second, third and fourth support rings 71, 75, 79, 83 and have a second insertion height h 2 .
  • the first and second support structures 87, 88 are connected to the substrate 68 and thereby securely fixed in the second component 60.
  • To construct the first support structures 87 the first support rings 71 are connected to the substrate 68, the second support rings 75 are connected to the first support rings 71 and the third support rings 79 are connected to the second support rings 75.
  • the first support rings 71 are connected to the substrate 68
  • the second support rings 75 are connected to the first support rings 71
  • the third support rings 79 are connected to the second support rings 75
  • the fourth support rings 83 are connected to the third support rings 79.
  • FIGS. 7A-M show the successive process steps of the method according to the invention for the layered production of the second component 60 of powdery material 67 with defined arranged insert elements, which are formed as individual hard material particles 42.
  • the second component 60 is compacted in a subsequent compacting process, for example by hot pressing and / or sintering to form a machining segment for an abrasive machining tool.
  • the second component 60 is produced in layers by means of a device which comprises a build-up plane 91, a powder feed and a print head. With the aid of the powder feed, a first powder layer 92 of the powdery material 67 with the first layer thickness d 1 is applied ( FIG. 7A ). The printhead applies in the region of the first outer ring 69 and the first support rings 71 adhesive, which connects the loose powder particles of the powdery material 67 to the first outer ring 69 and the first support rings 71 ( FIG. 7B ).
  • a second powder layer 93 of the powdery material 67 with the second layer thickness d 2 is applied ( FIG. 7C ).
  • the print head applies in the region of the second outer ring 73 and the second support rings 75 adhesive which connects the loose powder particles of the powdery material 67 to the second outer ring 73 and the second support rings 75 ( FIG. 7D ).
  • a third powder layer 94 of the powdery material 67 with the third layer thickness d 3 is applied ( FIG. 7E ).
  • the print head applies adhesive which connects loose powder particles of the powdered material 67 to the third outer ring 77 and the third support rings 79 ( FIG. 7F ).
  • the first insert height h 1 of the first support structures 87 is achieved after the third cross-sectional area 63 has been finished, and the hard material particles 42 can be arranged in the first support structures 87.
  • the loose powder particles of the pulverulent material 67 in the region of the first support structures 87 are extracted by means of the suction device 49 (FIG. FIG. 7G ).
  • a first template 95A is placed on the layer structure which releases the first support structures 87, and the loose powder particles of the powdery material 67 are removed from the first support structures 87 by means of the suction device 49. About the suction of the suction device 49, the suction height can be adjusted.
  • the first support structures 87 are filled with the special material 48, the hard material particles 42 are arranged inside the first support structures 87 and a fourth powder layer 96 of the powdered material 67 with the fourth layer thickness d 4 is applied by means of the powder feed (FIG. FIG. 7H ).
  • the print head applies adhesive which connects loose powder particles of the powdery material 67 to the fourth outer ring 81 and the fourth support rings 83 ( FIG. 7I ).
  • the second application height h 2 of the second support structures 88 is achieved after the fourth cross-sectional area 64 has been finished, and the hard material particles 42 can be arranged in the second support structures 88.
  • the loose powder particles of the pulverulent material 67 in the region of the second support structures 88 are sucked off with the aid of the suction device 49 (FIG. FIG. 7J ).
  • a second template 95B is placed on the layer structure, which releases the second support structures 88, and the loose powder particles of the powdery material 67 are partially removed from the second support structures 88 by means of the suction device 49.
  • the suction height can be adjusted.
  • the powdery material 67 is sucked off over half the second application height h 2 and about 50% of the powdery material 67 remain in the second support structures 88.
  • FIG. 7K shows the layered from the powdery material 67 second component 60 with a plurality of defined arranged insert elements 42nd
  • the second component 60 is produced in layers from the five powder layers 92, 93, 94, 96, 97 with the same powdery material 67.
  • the five powder layers 92, 93, 94, 96, 97 of the second member 60 may be made of different powdered materials 67.
  • a first powdery material can be used for the first powder layer 92 and a second powdered material for the further powder layers 93, 94, 96, 97, the properties of the first pulverulent material in the With regard to the connection of the machining segments with the main body and the properties of the second powdered material be selected with regard to the mechanical connection of the insert elements 42.
  • a weldable first powdered material is selected.
  • the outer geometry of the second component 60 is designed to be open at the top in the fifth cross-sectional area 65, so that the second component 60 has to be transported upright for a subsequent compacting process.
  • the fifth cross-sectional area 65 may alternatively form a cover element which is connected to the fourth outer ring 81.
  • the print head in the fifth cross-sectional area 65 carries an adhesive layer which connects the loose powder particles of the powdery material 67 to the cover element.
  • the first and second support structures 87, 88 have closed cross-sectional shapes, but are open at the bottom. In order to prevent the suction device 49 from sucking off too much pulverulent material 67 from the first and second support structures 87, 88, the suction force of the suction device 49 is adjusted accordingly.
  • the first and second support structures 87, 88 may have on their underside a bottom surface which defines the first and second support structures 87, 88 from the surrounding powdery material 67.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP16206210.3A 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à partir d'une substance pulvérulente Withdrawn EP3338916A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16206210.3A EP3338916A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à partir d'une substance pulvérulente
PCT/EP2017/080761 WO2018114254A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 Procédé de fabrication par couches d'un élément avec un matériau pulvérulent
US16/471,631 US11148359B2 (en) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 Method for layered production of a component from a powdery material
CN201780075256.0A CN110035850A (zh) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 用于由粉末状材料层式地制造构件的方法
EP17804575.3A EP3558567A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 Procédé de fabrication par couches d'un élément avec un matériau pulvérulent
KR1020197019468A KR102390703B1 (ko) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 분말 재료로부터 구성부를 적층 제조하기 위한 방법
JP2019534744A JP2020503454A (ja) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 粉末材料から部品の層形成を行うための方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16206210.3A EP3338916A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à partir d'une substance pulvérulente

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EP3338916A1 true EP3338916A1 (fr) 2018-06-27

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EP16206210.3A Withdrawn EP3338916A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2016-12-22 Procédé de fabrication additive d'un composant à partir d'une substance pulvérulente
EP17804575.3A Withdrawn EP3558567A1 (fr) 2016-12-22 2017-11-29 Procédé de fabrication par couches d'un élément avec un matériau pulvérulent

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EP (2) EP3338916A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2020503454A (fr)
KR (1) KR102390703B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110035850A (fr)
WO (1) WO2018114254A1 (fr)

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US20200316717A1 (en) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-08 Layerwise Nv Three-dimensional printing system optimizing seams between zones for multiple energy beams

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WO2018197876A1 (fr) * 2017-04-26 2018-11-01 The University Of Manchester Appareil et procédé de fabrication additive
CN115007877B (zh) * 2022-05-11 2024-04-09 浙江工业大学 一种使用掩膜实现同层异质材料选区激光熔化的增材制造方法
WO2024006296A1 (fr) * 2022-06-28 2024-01-04 Entegris, Inc. Élimination de poudre d'échantillons verts à l'aide d'un procédé de congélation pour la fabrication additive

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EP0452618A1 (fr) 1990-04-17 1991-10-23 Delta Engineering Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de corps abrasifs pour outils abrasifs
WO2013030064A1 (fr) * 2011-08-26 2013-03-07 Swerea Ivf Ab Fabrication en couches de microcomposants multi-matériaux de forme libre
US20150037498A1 (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-02-05 Siemens Energy, Inc. Methods and preforms to mask holes and support open-substrate cavities during laser cladding
EP2947274A1 (fr) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-25 United Technologies Corporation Structures de refroidissement des opérations de mise en turbulence

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US6363606B1 (en) * 1998-10-16 2002-04-02 Agere Systems Guardian Corp. Process for forming integrated structures using three dimensional printing techniques
JP3557926B2 (ja) * 1998-12-22 2004-08-25 松下電工株式会社 三次元形状造形物の製造方法および金型
JP2003001715A (ja) * 2001-06-26 2003-01-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 三次元形状造形物の製造方法及び製造装置
EP2700459B1 (fr) 2012-08-21 2019-10-02 Ansaldo Energia IP UK Limited Procédé de fabrication d'un article tridimensionnel
EP3140103B1 (fr) * 2014-05-04 2020-01-08 EoPlex Limited Imprimante tridimensionnelle multi-matériau
CN105886923B (zh) * 2016-07-01 2017-10-13 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 用于增材制造的高温耐磨耐腐蚀钢粉末及增材制造方法

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EP0452618A1 (fr) 1990-04-17 1991-10-23 Delta Engineering Procédé et installation pour la fabrication de corps abrasifs pour outils abrasifs
WO2013030064A1 (fr) * 2011-08-26 2013-03-07 Swerea Ivf Ab Fabrication en couches de microcomposants multi-matériaux de forme libre
US20150037498A1 (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-02-05 Siemens Energy, Inc. Methods and preforms to mask holes and support open-substrate cavities during laser cladding
EP2947274A1 (fr) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-25 United Technologies Corporation Structures de refroidissement des opérations de mise en turbulence

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200316717A1 (en) * 2019-04-08 2020-10-08 Layerwise Nv Three-dimensional printing system optimizing seams between zones for multiple energy beams

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WO2018114254A1 (fr) 2018-06-28
US11148359B2 (en) 2021-10-19
CN110035850A (zh) 2019-07-19
KR102390703B1 (ko) 2022-04-26
JP2020503454A (ja) 2020-01-30
EP3558567A1 (fr) 2019-10-30
US20200122390A1 (en) 2020-04-23
KR20190100229A (ko) 2019-08-28

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