EP3365603A1 - Système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement associé - Google Patents
Système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement associéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3365603A1 EP3365603A1 EP16797719.8A EP16797719A EP3365603A1 EP 3365603 A1 EP3365603 A1 EP 3365603A1 EP 16797719 A EP16797719 A EP 16797719A EP 3365603 A1 EP3365603 A1 EP 3365603A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- volume flow
- reaction gas
- combustion
- stage
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2205/00—Pulsating combustion
- F23C2205/20—Pulsating combustion with pulsating oxidant supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N2237/00—Controlling
- F23N2237/16—Controlling secondary air
Definitions
- the invention relates to a combustion system for combustion of solid, fed to a fuel bed fuel with a primary combustion stage with a first supply means for supplying a first oxygen-containing reaction gas and performing an incomplete combustion process with generation of a first volume flow and the first combustion stage downstream secondary combustion stage with one of a second supply means supplied second volume flow of a second oxygen-containing reaction gas in an exhaust space above the fuel bed feeding second supply means.
- Furnace systems that is, plants that convert chemically bound energy into thermal energy, such as waste incineration plants, are well known in the art.
- solid fuel is transported to a fuel bed and optionally burned with the aid of an additional fuel source with liquid or gaseous fuel with supply of reaction gas, for example air or, for example, oxygen-enriched air by means of a first supply means, such as a blower in a first combustion stage.
- reaction gas for example air or, for example, oxygen-enriched air
- the first firing stage can be followed by a second firing stage, which supplies a second reaction gas in the exhaust space connected downstream of the first firing stage by means of a second supply means in order to oxidize afterburning of incompletely oxidized pollutants, for example carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide or incompletely burnt hydrocarbons.
- incompletely oxidized pollutants for example carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide or incompletely burnt hydrocarbons.
- WO 94/24484 A1 discloses a method for reducing all emissions during the combustion of waste, in which part of the flue gas produced in the incinerator is recycled and added to this pure oxygen. Furthermore, as state of the art for the prevention of nitrogen oxide formation, the combustion in excess air, ie at a superstoichiometric supply of the reaction gas proposed to achieve a better mixing of the (gaseous) fuel and the first reaction gas in the form of combustion air. Although the air surplus leads to a better mixing, the excess of air (oxygen) also leads to a stronger oxidation of the fuel and thus to an increased formation of nitrogen oxides.
- the object of the invention is the development of a firing system and a method for its control, in which the nitrogen oxide contents are reduced in a simple manner.
- a method for operating a firing system is to be proposed, which is applicable to existing firing systems without major modifications.
- Multi-stage combustion systems as proposed are advantageously used in combustion systems for solid fuels, in which the solid fuel in the first combustion stage is supplied with supply of a first reaction gas such as air or oxygen-enriched air in an exhaust gas and thus a first volume flow and the first volume flow in a further combustion stage, for example, with a second volume flow of a second reaction gas, for example air and / or at least partially recirculated exhaust gas optionally with additional gas additives, such as ammonia, and / or water vapor is post-combusted.
- a first reaction gas such as air or oxygen-enriched air in an exhaust gas
- a second volume flow of a second reaction gas for example air and / or at least partially recirculated exhaust gas
- additional gas additives such as ammonia, and / or water vapor is post-combusted.
- multistage processes for example two-stage processes
- the second firing stage essentially serves the un- ter- and superstoichiometric treatment of the exhaust gases of the first volume flow of the first combustion stage with the second volume flow of the second reaction gas and thus the most complete burnout of gas species such as carbon monoxide and organic hydrocarbons with air or recirculated flue gas.
- the combustion of the fuel in the first firing stage preferably takes place under stoichiometry, so that a residual content of components which are not or not completely oxidized, for example carbon, such as carbon black, carbon monoxide and ammonia, can remain in the first volume flow.
- these incompletely oxidized components serve as reducing agents or catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides.
- improved compression ratio to nitrogen can be promoted between the remaining ammonia and nitrogen oxides during the pulsating supply of the second reaction gas in the second volume flow and thus under sub-stoichiometric and super stoichiometric conditions during the mixing of the volume flows.
- components of the two volume flows are supplied and formed during a reaction, such as the combustion of the fuel gases, compounds and entrained in the volume flow solids simple or complex composition.
- a reaction such as the combustion of the fuel gases, compounds and entrained in the volume flow solids simple or complex composition.
- the components carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, ammonia, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, residual oxygen, soot can be contained as exhaust gases in the first volume flow.
- air, oxygen with higher proportions than in the air, water vapor, ammonia and proportions of the exhaust gas can be present in the second volume flow.
- a third, as the first reaction gas supplied volumetric flow may contain as components air, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen and optionally other components.
- the supply of a volumetric flow of the second reaction gas by means of the second supply device during a firing process is controlled to be pulsating in time.
- Such temporally pulsating metering of the volumetric flow can be provided in new systems of firing systems and retrofitted in existing firing systems by adjusting the second supply in a simple manner.
- the second supply means with a pinch valve, rotary valves or the like, which interrupt the volume flow of the second reaction gas pulsating with a predetermined or predetermined frequency or continuously change and thus lead to a temporal Volumenstromstufung be provided.
- the pulsation is impressed from outside, for example by means of a controller.
- an oscillating supply of the second reaction gas in the form of air or with oxygen, water vapor, ammonia and / or the like enriched air, a mixture of these with recirculated exhaust gas, pure exhaust gas or the like is proposed, which is able by its pulsating properties to change the oxidative and reducing properties of the mixture of exhaust gas and reaction gas in a time-pulsating manner.
- the proportion of nitrogen oxides can be reduced for example by dis- and / or Komproportiontechniksretician or oxidation and reaction.
- this time-varying stoichiometric behavior of the components of the exhaust gas and the second reaction gas by means of an oscillating supply of the first reaction gas for example air or oxygen-enriched air, water vapor or a mixture of oxygen-containing gases already in the conversion of solid fuels in the first combustion stage for nitrogen oxide reduction be supplemented and improved.
- the first reaction gas for example air or oxygen-enriched air, water vapor or a mixture of oxygen-containing gases already in the conversion of solid fuels in the first combustion stage for nitrogen oxide reduction
- the control of the pulsation can be carried out by means of equally long or different lengths of time intervals, in which no or little second reaction gas is metered at first time intervals and in the second time intervals more reaction gas is metered into the exhaust gas space.
- the dosage may be frequency-dependent, that is, depending on the rate of recovery of maxima and minima of the reaction gas over time and / or depending on the amplitude of these maxima or minima. It may be advantageous in this case if time intervals, frequency and / or amplitudes are controlled as a function of a reference variable detected by means of a sensor, for example the carbon monoxide content after the second firing stage.
- a mid- denwert of 100 mg / Nm 3 carbon monoxide preferably be controlled to a mean half-hour value less than 50 mg / Nm 3 carbon monoxide.
- the oscillation frequency of the second reaction gas can be controlled, for example, so that the half-hourly value of carbon monoxide is less than 50 mg / Nm 3 and thereby reduces the nitrogen oxide, preferably minimized.
- An oscillation frequency may in this case be dependent on further parameters, for example the amplitude of the oscillation frequency, the oxygen content, other added components such as ammonia, water vapor and optionally an admixed amount of gas from the exhaust gas recirculation, the thermal output of the firing system and / or local conditions.
- a range of the oscillation frequencies may be provided, for example, between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, preferably 0.5 Hz and 5 Hz.
- the oscillation or pulsation of the second reaction phase can be provided exclusively during a combustion phase and be exposed for example during a start-up phase of the firing system.
- the second reaction gas can be continuously supplied or turned off.
- the pulsation of the second reaction gas when reaching or exceeding a predetermined content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be activated, for example, when the ⁇ , ⁇ concentrations are above 400 mg / Nm 3 .
- the NO 2 concentration can be recorded continuously, for example, by a sensor or detector.
- the object is achieved by a firing system for combustion of solid, fed to a fuel bed fuel with a primary combustion stage with a first supply means for supplying a first oxygen-containing reaction gas and a first combustion stage downstream secondary combustion stage with a second oxygen-containing reaction gas in an exhaust space above the Solved fuel bed supplying second supply means, wherein by means of the second supply means during a firing operation, a volume flow of the second reaction gas is controlled to be pulsating in time.
- the volume flow can be oscillating or intermittently adjustable.
- the volume flow can be clocked in the form of a sawtooth profile or rectangular profile.
- the second supply means may be provided with a timed pinch valve or a rotary valve.
- the second reaction gas can be oxygen-containing and / or water vapor-containing. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method for operating a firing system for combustion of a solid, fed to a fuel bed fuel with a first firing stage with a first supply means for supplying a first oxygen-containing reaction gas and a second firing stage with a second supply means for supplying a second oxygen-containing reaction gas in one of the first Combustion stage subsequent exhaust space is solved, wherein the fuel is oxidized in the first combustion stage under stoichiometric conditions and a periodically varied supply of the second reaction gas post combustion of exhaust gases of the first combustion stage is performed temporally changing under stoichiometric and superstoichiometric reaction conditions.
- a volume flow of the second reaction gas can be increased and attenuated.
- the time intervals of an increase in the volume flow may be equal to or different from the time intervals of a reduction in the volume flow.
- the volume flow can be varied over time in rectangular or sawtooth form.
- a frequency of the volume flow such as oscillation frequency can be controlled depending on a carbon monoxide content of the exhaust gas. The frequency can be adjusted to a carbon monoxide content less than 100 mg / Nm3, preferably less than 50 mg / Nm3.
- Ammonia can be added to the second reaction gas.
- the second reaction gas can be mixed with steam. Parts of the exhaust gas of the firing system can be added to the second reaction gas or the second reaction gas can be formed from the exhaust gas of the firing system.
- the first reaction gas can also be modulated as time pulsating, oscillating or intermittently operated.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a firing system
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a combustion system with respect to the
- FIG. 3 shows a systematic representation of a pulsating operation of the supply device for supplying the second reaction gas
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram for illustrating a sequence of a burning process of the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide contents in the exhaust gas of the
- the first combustion stage 7 shows a schematic representation of the firing system 1 with the fuel bunker 2 and the feed table 4 with plunger 3, which transports the solid fuel 5 on the formed as a grate fuel bed 6.
- the fuel 5 is burned in the first combustion stage 7 by supplying the first reaction gas 8 via the first supply means 9 under stoichiometric conditions, that is oxidized.
- the first reaction gas 8 is preferably air or oxygen-enriched air. applies.
- the solid fuel 5 can be formed from waste, biomass, coal, coke or mixtures thereof.
- the first supply device 9 is designed here for example as a fan.
- the ash of the first combustion stage 7 is discharged into the ash box 10.
- the second firing stage 12 for afterburning of not completely oxidized components of the first volume flow in the form of the exhaust gas of the first firing stage 7 is arranged in the exhaust pipe 11.
- the second supply means 13 for supplying the second reaction gas 14 is provided.
- the second supply means 13 dosed at least temporarily pulsating at a preferably adjustable repetition rate such as oscillation frequency, for example, 0, 1 Hz to 10 Hz, preferably 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz, the second volume flow.
- the second reaction gas 14 is formed of air, oxygen-enriched air, ammonia, steam or the like of enriched air, partially of exhaust gas of the combustion system 1 mixed air or completely made of exhaust gas.
- the second supply device 13 has a device for forming the pulsation of a volume flow of the second reaction gas 14, for example a
- the special reaction chemistry of entrained in the exhaust gas nitrogen oxides is positively influenced, so that their content decreases by this example, under Oxygen deficiency can be reduced to nitrogen.
- the oxidation of the remaining, not completely burned components of the exhaust gas of the first combustion stage 7 such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons is advantageously influenced by the pulsation under excess oxygen, so that their content decreases.
- FIG. 2 shows, in a schematic representation, the firing system 1a produced to a reduced extent relative to the firing system 1 of FIG. 1, with the combustion chamber 3a operated in the batch process, which is filled with fuel 5a.
- the first reaction gas in the direction of the arrow 15a is introduced from below via the fuel bed 6a in the form of a grate and thus the first combustion stage 7a is formed.
- the exhaust gas resulting from a substoichiometric combustion resulting in the first firing stage 7a passes into the afterburner chamber 16a via the exhaust pipe 1a, into which the second reaction gas for forming the second firing stage 12a is introduced in pulsing fashion in the direction of the arrow 17a.
- the introduction of the second reaction gas can in principle be provided on all combustion systems adjustable perpendicular or at any other angle to the direction of movement of the exhaust gas with or against the direction of movement. In this case, targeted mixing of the exhaust gas and the second reaction gas can be achieved. be controlled.
- the designed as a model system firing system 1 a are at different locations, for example, the designated here measuring points 18a, 19a, 20a provided, the measuring point 19a allows optical access and the measuring points 18a, 20a an analysis of the existing components at these locations, for example, after allow first firing stage 7a and after the second firing stage 12a.
- the after-combustion chamber 16a is adjoined in the direction of movement of the exhaust gas by the heat exchanger 21a, the filter chamber 22a, the venturi 23a, the carbon adsorber 24a and the blower 25a.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the second volume flow with an oscillating supply of air for carrying out the second firing stage, which is arranged below in the direction of movement of the exhaust gas of the first firing stage.
- the second reaction gas is supplied to the first volume flow as exhaust gas of the first combustion stage by means of the second supply means over the time t pulsating. It does not matter or not essential to the mixing of the components. Rather, the first combustion stage is substoichiometrically operated with oxygen, ie with a combustion air ratio ⁇ ⁇ 1, so that in the second combustion stage by the pulsating operation of the second reaction gas in the first time periods eti no or less and in alternating with these second time periods Et2 more oxygen to the first volume flow is introduced.
- the first time periods Eti for example, components which are not completely oxidized, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen compounds, such as ammonia (NH 3) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), remain in the first volume flow from the first firing stage, such as primary firing.
- the combustion air coefficient ⁇ > 1 results, carbon monoxide becomes carbon dioxide (CO 2) and the nitrogen oxides with the ammonia in oxygen (O 2) and water (H 2 O ) implemented.
- the nitrogen oxides are further oxidized and can not be reduced.
- the time periods eti and et2 can be of different lengths, as well as the height of the amplitude .DELTA. ⁇ vary.
- the residence time of the mixture of exhaust gas and the second reaction gas can thus be adjusted both over the time length of the time periods eti, et2, the amplitude ⁇ and by the frequency, that is, the Wederholungsrate the periods Eti, Et2.
- the carbon monoxide content can be used to control pulsation variables, for example the oscillation frequency, the amplitude of the pulsations, their duration and / or the like as a reference variable.
- the oscillation frequency is adjusted in a preferred manner so that a carbon monoxide content of less than 50 mg / Nm 3 achieved and the nitrogen oxide content is reduced.
- FIG. 4 shows the diagram 26 of a model combustion process carried out in the combustion system 1 a of FIG. 2 with different parameters over the time t.
- the curve 27 shows the course of the volume flow of the first reaction gas - here air.
- the curve 28 shows the course of the second volume flow of the second reaction gas - here air.
- Curve 29 shows the course of the oxygen content
- curve 30 shows the course of the carbon dioxide content
- curve 31 shows the course of the carbon monoxide content
- curve 32 shows the course of the nitrogen oxide content at measuring point 20a (FIG. 2).
- the curve 33 shows the course of the nitrogen conversion degree of nitrogen oxide to nitrogen.
- the volume flow of the second reaction gas is pulsed.
- the oxygen content of the pulse minima decreases.
- the degree of nitrogen conversion increases. Consequently, the nitrogen oxide content in the exhaust gas decreases significantly with simultaneously low carbon monoxide content.
- FIG. 5 shows the diagram 34 with the bars 35, 36, 37 for the carbon monoxide content and with the bars 38, 39, 40 for the nitrogen oxide content over different oscillation frequencies f.
- Kohlenmo- noxidgehalte for example of about 10 mg / Nm 3 CO based on 11 percent by volume of oxygen possible.
- the nitrogen oxide contents remain at a high level of, for example, about 600 mg / Nm 3 NO x based on 11 volume percent oxygen.
- the second reaction gas with the oscillation frequency f 1 Hz pulsating transferred to the second combustion stage, reduced in bar 39, the nitrogen oxide content to about half, the content of carbon monoxide in bar 36 but increases by a multiple.
- the content of nitrogen oxides in bar 40 remains in the range of half the content of nitrogen oxides in non-pulsating operation.
- the contents during pulsating operation are inter alia dependent on the system properties of the firing system 1a (FIG. 2) and that for each firing system the optimum oscillation frequencies are to be determined separately.
- the proposed oscillation frequencies for the invention are not limiting. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015117718.8A DE102015117718A1 (de) | 2015-10-19 | 2015-10-19 | Feuerungssystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
| PCT/DE2016/100485 WO2017067540A1 (fr) | 2015-10-19 | 2016-10-19 | Système de chauffage et procédé de fonctionnement associé |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3365603A1 true EP3365603A1 (fr) | 2018-08-29 |
| EP3365603B1 EP3365603B1 (fr) | 2020-07-22 |
Family
ID=57345622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16797719.8A Active EP3365603B1 (fr) | 2015-10-19 | 2016-10-19 | Système de combustion et procédé de fonctionnement associé |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3365603B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102015117718A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017067540A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB402934A (en) * | 1932-12-01 | 1933-12-14 | Kai Petersen | New or improved method of and apparatus for admitting secondary combustion air into the combustion chambers of furnaces |
| DE3712039A1 (de) * | 1987-04-09 | 1988-10-27 | Muellverbrennungsanlage Wupper | Verbrennungskessel, insbesondere zur muellverbrennung |
| DE4301082C2 (de) * | 1993-01-16 | 1997-11-27 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Verfahren zur Zuführung eines O¶2¶-haltigen Verbrennungsgases zur Verbrennung von stückigem Brenngut in einem Feuerraum mit zugeordnetem Feuerungsrost einer Verbrennungsanlage und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| DE4313102A1 (de) * | 1993-04-22 | 1994-10-27 | Sbw Sonderabfallentsorgung Bad | Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Abgasmengen zur Eliminierung von NO¶x¶-Emissionen bei der Verbrennung, vorzugsweise bei der Abfallverbrennung |
| FR2837913B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-29 | 2004-11-19 | Air Liquide | Procede de dopage a l'oxygene utilisant la combustion pulsee |
| ES2275086T3 (es) * | 2002-04-03 | 2007-06-01 | Keppel Seghers Holdings Pte Ltd | Metodo y dispositivo para controlar la inyeccion de aire primario y secundario en un sistema de incineracion. |
| DE10347340A1 (de) | 2003-10-11 | 2005-05-19 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Optimierung des Abgasausbrandes in Verbrennungsanlagen |
| DE102006005464B3 (de) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-07-05 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Verfahren zur primärseitigen Stickoxidminderung in einem zweistufigen Verbrennungsprozess |
| DE102011002205A1 (de) * | 2011-04-20 | 2012-10-25 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Abhitze-Dampferzeuger sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Abhitze-Dampferzeugers |
-
2015
- 2015-10-19 DE DE102015117718.8A patent/DE102015117718A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2016
- 2016-10-19 WO PCT/DE2016/100485 patent/WO2017067540A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-10-19 EP EP16797719.8A patent/EP3365603B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102015117718A1 (de) | 2017-04-20 |
| EP3365603B1 (fr) | 2020-07-22 |
| WO2017067540A1 (fr) | 2017-04-27 |
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