EP3411932B1 - Limiteur pour la protection contre les surtensions - Google Patents

Limiteur pour la protection contre les surtensions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3411932B1
EP3411932B1 EP17701496.6A EP17701496A EP3411932B1 EP 3411932 B1 EP3411932 B1 EP 3411932B1 EP 17701496 A EP17701496 A EP 17701496A EP 3411932 B1 EP3411932 B1 EP 3411932B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projection
wall
electrode
arrester
discharge chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17701496.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
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EP3411932A1 (fr
Inventor
Eduard DORSCH
Frank Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
TDK Electronics AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TDK Electronics AG filed Critical TDK Electronics AG
Publication of EP3411932A1 publication Critical patent/EP3411932A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3411932B1 publication Critical patent/EP3411932B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H01T1/08—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01T1/10—Means for extinguishing arc using flow of arc-extinguishing fluid with extinguishing fluid evolved from solid material by heat of arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/12—Means structurally associated with spark gap for recording operation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/24—Selection of materials for electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • An arrester for protection against overvoltages is specified.
  • it is a gas-filled arrester.
  • a surge arrester is, for example, from the publication DE 10 2008 029 094 A1 known. It is described here how the arrester is provided with a gradation in the ceramic in order to lengthen the wall-side insulation distance between the electrodes. In addition, from the DE 43 09 610 A1 known to form a flange on an insulating inner surface of a discharge vessel.
  • An arrester for protection against overvoltages which has a first electrode and a second electrode.
  • the electrodes each have an electrically conductive material.
  • the arrester has a discharge space to enable an electrical discharge between the electrodes in the event of an overvoltage.
  • a discharge in particular an arc discharge, should therefore take place between the electrodes in the discharge space.
  • the discharge space is formed, for example, by an area between the electrodes, in particular by an area in which the distance between the electrodes is particularly small.
  • the discharge space can be filled with a gas, in particular an inert gas.
  • the first electrode can have a different geometry than the second electrode.
  • the first electrode is designed in the form of a pin and the second electrode is designed in the geometry of a hollow cylinder. The first electrode protrudes into the cavity of the second electrode.
  • the arrester has an insulator.
  • the insulator has a ceramic.
  • the insulator forms an inner wall of the arrester.
  • the arrester has the shape of a cylinder.
  • the insulator forms the lateral surface of the cylinder.
  • the electrodes are galvanically separated from each other by the insulator. An insulating space is formed between the conductor and the electrodes.
  • a discharge between the electrodes can lead to evaporation of electrode material.
  • the discharge space has, for example, an outlet opening through which the vaporized electrode material can leave the discharge space.
  • the evaporated electrode material can then condense on the inner wall of the insulator. This leads to a reduction in the insulation resistance of the insulator.
  • an electrically conductive bridge can build up between the electrodes via the inner wall and thus impermissibly high leakage currents can occur.
  • the inner wall of the insulator has a protrusion.
  • the projection is intended to ensure that the insulator has sufficient insulation resistance.
  • the projection is designed in such a way that it is an impurity at least one Part of the inner wall obstructed by vaporized electrode material escaping from the discharge space.
  • the projection is intended to prevent the formation of an electrically conductive path that galvanically connects the electrodes to one another.
  • the projection also leads, for example, to an extension of a wall-side insulation gap between the electrodes.
  • the wall thickness of the insulator is preferably not reduced by the projection, so that the mechanical stability of the conductor is maintained.
  • At least one of the electrodes extends along a direction, in particular a vertical direction, of the conductor into the discharge space, with the projection protruding perpendicular to this direction.
  • the inner wall has a first wall area and a second wall area.
  • the first and the second wall area run, for example, parallel to the vertical direction of the conductor.
  • the inner wall is divided into the two wall areas by the projection.
  • the first wall area lies in front of the projection and the second wall area lies behind the projection coming from the unloading space.
  • the vaporized electrode material occurs in the discharge space, the vaporized electrode material thus first reaches the first wall area, then the projection and then the second wall area.
  • the projection forms in particular an obstacle for the evaporated electrode material, so that only part of the evaporated electrode material that reaches the projection also reaches the second wall region via the projection.
  • the projection becomes a path for the vaporized electrode material narrows.
  • the projection can form a narrowing of the insulation space.
  • the evaporated electrode material preferably has to overcome the projection in order to reach the second wall area. In other words, there is preferably no path for the vaporized electrode material to the second wall region that does not lead over the projection.
  • the projection is circumferential.
  • the projection runs around the inner wall of the insulator at a fixed height.
  • the height of the projection is less than the height of the inner wall of the arrester.
  • the height of the projection is significantly less than the height of the inner wall. The projection thus represents only a local change in the geometry of the inner wall. In particular, the insulation space is narrowed only locally by the projection, so that the overall insulation space is only slightly reduced.
  • the projection is offset from half the height of the inner wall.
  • one of the wall areas is larger than the other wall area.
  • the first wall area can be larger than the second wall area.
  • the second wall area should be large enough to be able to effectively prevent the formation of electrically conductive paths.
  • the projection is arranged in relation to the outlet opening in such a way that evaporated electrode material does not strike the projection frontally. In this case, the shielding effect of the projection could be reduced. In one embodiment, the projection is offset in relation to a height position of an outlet opening of the unloading space.
  • the projection is arranged laterally next to one of the electrodes. There is only a gas-filled space between the projection and this electrode.
  • the electrode has an end located within the discharge space and an end opposite thereto. According to the invention, the projection is further away from the end of the electrode arranged within the discharge space than from the end opposite thereto. In this way, it can be prevented that the evaporation of the inner wall is concentrated on too small an area in front of the projection.
  • the projection is formed in the shape of an edge.
  • the underside of the projection is formed in the shape of an edge.
  • the side of the projection that adjoins the second wall area is referred to as the underside.
  • the underside encloses an angle of less than 90° with the second wall area.
  • This shadow space includes, for example, the lower edge of the projection and a part of the second wall area adjoining it.
  • Figure 1A shows a sectional view of an arrester 1 for protection against overvoltages.
  • the arrester 1 has, for example, a cylindrical design.
  • the conductor 1 has a first electrode 2 and a second electrode 3 .
  • the electrodes 2, 3 each have an electrically conductive material.
  • the electrodes 2, 3 have copper.
  • the first electrode 2 projects into the interior of the arrester 1 in the form of a pin.
  • the second electrode 3 protrudes, for example in the form of a hollow cylinder, into the interior of the arrester 1 and partially surrounds the first electrode 2 .
  • the conductor 1 has an insulator 4 .
  • the insulator 4 has an insulating material such as ceramic or glass.
  • the insulator 4 forms, for example, the lateral surface of the arrester 1.
  • the insulator 4 forms an inner wall 5 of the arrester 1.
  • the conductor 1 also has a first contact electrode 6, which is electrically conductively connected to the first electrode 2, and a second contact electrode 7, which is electrically conductively connected to the second electrode 3.
  • the contact electrodes 6, 7 form, for example, the top and bottom surfaces of the conductor 1.
  • the diverter 1 is, for example, hermetically sealed to the outside.
  • the conductor 1 can be filled with a gas, in particular an inert gas.
  • the arrester 1 has a discharge chamber 8 in which a discharge 9, in particular an arc discharge, occurs between the electrodes 2, 3 when an activation voltage is exceeded.
  • the discharge space 8 is formed between the electrodes 2, 3, in particular in an area in which the distance between the electrodes 2, 3 is the smallest.
  • the electrodes 2, 3 are spaced from the inner wall 5.
  • FIG. The second electrode 3 is closer to the inner wall 5 than the first electrode 2.
  • the insulating space 10 is filled with gas, for example.
  • Electrode material can evaporate from the electrodes 2, 3 in the event of a discharge 9, in particular in the case of repeated surge current loads.
  • the vaporized electrode material 11 leads, for example, to contamination of the ionized gas.
  • the vaporized electrode material 11 can exit the discharge space 8 through an exit opening 12 and penetrate to the insulation space 10 .
  • the inner wall 5 of the insulator 4 can be vaporized with electrode material 11 . This can lead to a reduction in the insulation resistance of the inner wall 5 and thus to a deterioration in functionality.
  • the vapor deposition can lead to the formation of an electrically conductive bridge between the electrodes 2 , 3 via the inner wall 5 . For example, this can result in impermissibly high leakage currents when operating at nominal AC voltage.
  • the inner wall 5 has a projection 13 to maintain a sufficient insulation resistance.
  • the projection 13 is part of the insulator 4 and is therefore made of insulating material.
  • the projection 13 is formed, for example, circumferentially along the inner wall 5 .
  • the projection 13 is ring-shaped.
  • the projection 13 projects into the insulation space 10 .
  • the projection 13 is located in the insulating space 10 between the insulator 4 and the second electrode 3.
  • the height h of the projection 13, i.e. the extension of the projection 13 in the direction from one contact electrode 6 to the opposite contact electrode 7, is significantly less than the total height H of the inner wall 5.
  • the gas volume in the insulating space 10 is only slightly reduced by the projection 13.
  • the height h of the projection 13 is less than or equal to a quarter of the height H of the inner wall 5.
  • the projection 13 is offset in relation to half the height of the inner wall 5 .
  • the projection 13 is therefore not arranged centrally on the inner wall 5 . Furthermore, the projection 13 is not arranged at the level of the outlet opening 12 .
  • the projection 13 divides the insulating space 10 into a first spatial area 14 and a second spatial area 15.
  • the vaporized electrode material 11 emerging from the discharge space 8 reaches the first spatial area 14 first.
  • the second spatial area 15 is located behind the first spatial area 14 and behind the projection 13.
  • the second spatial area 15 is for example significantly smaller than the first spatial area 14.
  • the projection 13 forms a local constriction of the insulation space 10 . This prevents the vaporized electrode material 11 from penetrating into the second space 15 through the projection 13 , so that only a reduced amount of the vaporized electrode material 11 gets into the second space 15 . The advance of the evaporated electrode material 11 into the first space 14 is not impeded.
  • the projection 13 divides the inner wall 5 into a first wall area 16 and a second wall area 17.
  • the second wall area 17 lies behind the projection 13 and is thus shaded by the projection 13. This prevents the vapor deposition of the second wall area 17, so that a sufficient insulation resistance is maintained.
  • the vapor deposition of the first wall area 16 is not impeded.
  • the vaporization of the first wall area 16 can even be increased somewhat by the projection 13 .
  • the first wall area 16 and the second wall area 17 are arranged parallel to the vertical direction of the conductor 1 .
  • the second wall area 17 is significantly smaller than the first wall area 16.
  • the projection 13 lengthens the insulation distance between the electrodes 2, 3 on the wall side.
  • the wall thickness of the insulator 4 is not reduced by the projection 13, so that the stability of the insulator 4 against mechanical stress during the current pulse is maintained.
  • the projection 13 is arranged laterally next to the second electrode 3 .
  • the projection 13 is further away from the end of the second electrode 3 arranged within the discharge space 8 than from the end opposite thereto, which adjoins the second contact electrode 7 .
  • the distance from the projection 13 to the end of the second electrode 3 arranged within the discharge space 8 is at least twice as large as the distance to the end adjoining the second contact electrode 7 .
  • the distance is defined, for example, as a difference in height between a center plane through the projection 13 and the respective end of the electrode 3 . Positioning the projection 13 in this way can prevent the evaporation of the inner wall from being concentrated on too small an area in front of the projection.
  • Figure 1B shows an enlarged detailed view of an area of arrester 1.
  • the area shown is in Figure 1A marked by a circle.
  • the projection 13 is edge-shaped.
  • the projection 13 has an edge 19 on its underside 18 .
  • the underside 18 of the projection 13 encloses an acute angle ⁇ with the second wall area 17, for example, i.e. an angle of less than 90°.
  • the angle ⁇ is less than 80°.
  • the angle ⁇ is less than 80° and greater than 30°.
  • the angle ⁇ can also be less than or equal to 90°.
  • An upper side of the projection 13 is designed, for example, to correspond to the lower side 18 and can in particular have a point with the first wall area 16 include angles.
  • the geometry of the projection 13 can also be described as stepped.
  • the projection 13 forms a first step in relation to the first wall area 16 and a second step in relation to the second wall area 17 .
  • a shadow space 20 is formed behind the projection 13, for example.
  • the steaming is additionally reduced.
  • the underside 18 of the projection 13 and an adjoining part of the second wall area are in the shadow space 20.

Landscapes

  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Limiteur pour la protection contre les surtensions, comprenant une première électrode (2) et une deuxième électrode (3), une chambre de décharge (8) pour permettre une décharge électrique (9) entre les électrodes (2, 3) en cas de surtension, la première électrode (2) étant réalisée sous la forme d'une tige et la deuxième électrode (3) étant réalisée sous la forme d'un cylindre creux, dans lequel la première électrode (2) s'étend dans un espace creux de la deuxième électrode (3), et un isolateur (4) qui forme une paroi interne (5) du limiteur (1), dans lequel l'isolateur (4) est réalisé sous la forme d'un cylindre creux, dans lequel le cylindre creux défini par la deuxième électrode (3) est agencé de manière concentrique à l'intérieur du cylindre creux défini par l'isolateur (4), dans lequel un espace d'isolation (10) rempli de gaz se trouve entre la paroi interne (5) et les électrodes (2, 3), dans lequel la paroi interne (5) présente une saillie (13) dans la zone de l'espace d'isolation rempli de gaz,
    dans lequel la saillie (13) est agencée de telle sorte qu'elle soit tournée vers une surface latérale de la deuxième électrode (3), dans lequel la deuxième électrode (3) présente une première extrémité agencée dans la chambre de décharge et une deuxième extrémité agencée à l'opposé de la première extrémité, dans lequel la saillie (13) est plus éloignée de l'extrémité agencée à l'intérieur de la chambre de décharge que de l'extrémité opposée à celle-ci,
    la paroi interne (5) comprenant une première zone de paroi (16) et une deuxième zone de paroi (17), dans lequel la première zone de paroi (16) se situe devant la saillie (13) en partant de la chambre de décharge (8) et la deuxième zone de paroi (17) se situe à l'arrière de la saillie (13) en partant de la chambre de décharge (8).
  2. Limiteur selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel la saillie (13) est réalisée de manière à empêcher une contamination d'au moins une partie de la paroi interne (5) par du matériau d'électrode vaporisé (11) s'échappant de la chambre de décharge (8).
  3. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la saillie (13) est réalisée de manière périphérique.
  4. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la hauteur (h) de la saillie (13) est inférieure à la hauteur (H) de la paroi interne (5).
  5. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la saillie (13) est agencée de manière décalée par rapport à la moitié de la hauteur de la paroi interne (6).
  6. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la chambre de décharge (8) présente un orifice de sortie (12) par lequel le matériau d'électrode vaporisé (11) peut s'échapper de la chambre de décharge (8), dans lequel la saillie (13) est agencée de manière décalée par rapport à une position en hauteur de l'ouverture de sortie (12).
  7. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la saillie (13) est réalisée sous la forme d'une arête.
  8. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel la paroi interne (5) est divisée par la saillie (13) en une première zone de paroi (16) et une deuxième zone de paroi (17), la saillie (13) présentant une face inférieure (18) qui est adjacente à la deuxième zone de paroi (17), dans lequel la face inférieure (18) forme un angle (α) inférieur à 90° avec la deuxième zone de paroi (17).
  9. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    dans lequel au moins l'une des électrodes (2, 3) s'étend dans la chambre de décharge (8) suivant la direction de la hauteur du limiteur (1), dans lequel la saillie (13) fait saillie perpendiculairement à la direction de la hauteur du limiteur (1).
  10. Limiteur selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la distance de la saillie (13) par rapport à l'extrémité de l'électrode (2, 3) agencée à l'intérieur de la chambre de décharge (8) est au moins deux fois supérieure à la distance de la saillie (13) par rapport à l'extrémité opposée de l'électrode (2, 3).
EP17701496.6A 2016-02-01 2017-01-25 Limiteur pour la protection contre les surtensions Active EP3411932B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016101728.0A DE102016101728A1 (de) 2016-02-01 2016-02-01 Ableiter zum Schutz vor Überspannungen
PCT/EP2017/051562 WO2017133951A1 (fr) 2016-02-01 2017-01-25 Limiteur pour la protection contre les surtensions

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3411932A1 EP3411932A1 (fr) 2018-12-12
EP3411932B1 true EP3411932B1 (fr) 2023-07-26

Family

ID=57890831

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17701496.6A Active EP3411932B1 (fr) 2016-02-01 2017-01-25 Limiteur pour la protection contre les surtensions

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US10910795B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3411932B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2019508844A (fr)
CN (1) CN108604776A (fr)
DE (1) DE102016101728A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017133951A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6769086B2 (ja) * 2016-04-26 2020-10-14 三菱マテリアル株式会社 サージ防護素子

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0261971A (ja) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 放電ギャップ
US5563471A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-10-08 Yazaki Corporation Discharge tube

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3780350A (en) 1971-12-16 1973-12-18 Gen Signal Corp Surge arrester
US4241374A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-12-23 Reliable Electric Company Surge voltage arrester with ventsafe feature
DE3218948A1 (de) * 1982-05-19 1983-11-24 Krone Gmbh, 1000 Berlin Ueberspannungsableiter
JPS6055091U (ja) * 1983-09-22 1985-04-17 株式会社サンコ−シャ 放電形避雷器
DE8611043U1 (de) * 1986-04-22 1987-10-01 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Überspannungsableiter
JPH0276463U (fr) * 1988-11-30 1990-06-12
JP2539464Y2 (ja) 1992-04-13 1997-06-25 矢崎総業株式会社 ガス入り放電管
JP2003100417A (ja) 2001-09-25 2003-04-04 Mitsubishi Materials Corp チップ型サージアブソーバ
DE102005036265A1 (de) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-08 Epcos Ag Funkenstrecke
DE112006002464T5 (de) * 2005-09-14 2008-07-24 Littelfuse, Inc., Des Plaines Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter, aktivierende Verbindung, Zündstreifen und Herstellungsverfahren dafür
SE532114C2 (sv) * 2007-05-22 2009-10-27 Jensen Devices Ab Gasurladdningsrör
ATE550816T1 (de) 2007-06-21 2012-04-15 Epcos Ag Vorrichtung und modul zum schutz vor blitzen und überspannungen
DE102014102459A1 (de) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-27 Epcos Ag Überspannungsschutzelement

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0261971A (ja) * 1988-08-29 1990-03-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 放電ギャップ
US5563471A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-10-08 Yazaki Corporation Discharge tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017133951A1 (fr) 2017-08-10
DE102016101728A1 (de) 2017-08-03
EP3411932A1 (fr) 2018-12-12
JP2019508844A (ja) 2019-03-28
US10910795B2 (en) 2021-02-02
CN108604776A (zh) 2018-09-28
US20190052064A1 (en) 2019-02-14

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