EP3422366A1 - Kabel, das ein elektrisch leitendes element umfasst, das metallisierte karbonfasern enthält - Google Patents

Kabel, das ein elektrisch leitendes element umfasst, das metallisierte karbonfasern enthält Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3422366A1
EP3422366A1 EP18179221.9A EP18179221A EP3422366A1 EP 3422366 A1 EP3422366 A1 EP 3422366A1 EP 18179221 A EP18179221 A EP 18179221A EP 3422366 A1 EP3422366 A1 EP 3422366A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbon fibers
metallized
electrically conductive
carbon fiber
conductive element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18179221.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3422366C0 (de
EP3422366B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-François LARCHE
Anthony COMBESSIS
Rodrigue Sumera
Nicolas MASQUELIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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Publication of EP3422366C0 publication Critical patent/EP3422366C0/de
Publication of EP3422366B1 publication Critical patent/EP3422366B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/04—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element comprising a metallized carbon fiber or at least one set of metallized carbon fibers.
  • Electrical cables are widely used for the transmission of electrical energy as well as for data transmission.
  • the electric cables must have different properties according to their use and in particular, good electrical conductivity, good mechanical strength, while being as light as possible.
  • An electric cable conventionally comprises a single-strand or multi-strand electrically conductive element most often surrounded by an insulating material.
  • the electrically conductive element is generally made of metallic materials such as, for example, copper or aluminum.
  • metallic materials such as, for example, copper or aluminum.
  • these metals can have mechanical properties not always adapted to the needs, a low availability and a high price.
  • metals are high density materials, which poses a problem for the manufacture and installation of electrical cables, in particular of great length (greater than 2 km), and in applications where the minimization of the mass of the systems is sought, such as for example in aeronautical systems.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a lightweight and inexpensive electrically conductive element while having a very good electrical conductivity and improved mechanical properties.
  • the present invention thus relates to an electrical cable comprising at least one elongated electrically conductive element surrounded by at least one polymeric layer, preferably an electrically insulating polymeric layer, said elongated electrically conductive element comprising a metallized carbon fiber or at least one set of metallized carbon fibers, characterized in that the metallized carbon fiber or said set of metallized carbon fibers has a specific conductivity of at least 8%, and preferably at least 10%.
  • the electrical cable of the invention has a good specific conductivity while having mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, thermal resistance, and / or flexibility (eg necessary for winding and installation), improved (s). ) significantly.
  • another advantage is that the electrical cable of the invention has in particular very good physicochemical properties, such as low thermal expansion of the electrically conductive element.
  • the electrical cable of the invention advantageously takes advantage of the low density of carbon fibers in comparison with the densities of metals. In addition, it has a lower linear density than an electric cable comprising one or more conductor (s) metal (s) as sole (s) element (s) conductor (s), and has a comparable manufacturing cost.
  • a carbon fiber is predominantly composed of crystalline carbon atoms aligned more or less parallel to the axis of the carbon fiber.
  • the content of a carbon fiber carbon element is generally between 90% and 99%, and depends essentially on the steps of the manufacturing process.
  • the metallized carbon fiber used in the present invention may comprise a carbon fiber surrounded by one or more metal layers.
  • the set of metallized carbon fibers used in the present invention comprises a plurality of metallized carbon fibers, each of said metallized carbon fibers comprising a carbon fiber surrounded by one or more metal layers.
  • the carbon fiber of the metallized carbon fiber or the carbon fibers of the set of metallized carbon fibers can be respectively one or carbon-based fiber (s).
  • carbon-based means a fiber that can be composed of carbon, and more particularly carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes and / or graphene.
  • a set of carbon fibers according to the invention comprises a plurality of carbon fibers which can be conventionally organized into carbon threads commonly referred to as "locks".
  • a carbon wire may comprise several thousand carbon fibers designated by the letter K, for example a wire of 12000 carbon fibers is called "12K".
  • the specific conductivity of at least 8% of the metallized carbon fiber or set of metallized carbon fibers advantageously allows said metallized carbon fiber or said set of metallized carbon fibers to be used as an element. electrically conductive elongated in an electric cable according to the invention.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element may preferably have a specific conductivity of at least 15%, preferably at least 25%, and more preferably at least 35%.
  • the specific conductivity of a material is expressed in Sm 2 .kg -1 , and corresponds to the ratio of its electrical conductivity expressed in terms of siemens per meter (S / m) divided by its density expressed in kg / m 3 .
  • the specific conductivity of a material is determined with respect to the specific conductivity at 20 ° C of the annealed pure copper which is 6524.71 Sm 2 .kg -1 .
  • the density at 20 ° C of the annealed pure copper is 8890 kg.m -3 .
  • Electrical conductivity (S / m) characterizes the ability of a material to let the electrons it contains move freely under the effect of an electric field and thus allow the passage of an electric current.
  • a set of metallized carbon fibers is defined as several organized metallized carbon fibers, for example, parallel to each other.
  • the carbon fibers of an assembly may be twisted or braided.
  • the set of metallized carbon fibers may comprise at least 2 metallized carbon fibers, preferably at least 1000 metallized carbon fibers, preferably at least 3,000 metallized carbon fibers, preferably at least at least 6000 metallized carbon fibers, and more preferably at least 12000 metallized carbon fibers.
  • the set of metallized carbon fibers may comprise at most 48,000 metallized carbon fibers, or even the set of metallized carbon fibers may comprise more than 48,000 metallized carbon fibers.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element of the invention may further comprise at least one metallic conductor.
  • each set may comprise a different number of metallized carbon fibers and / or a different metal constituting the metal layer surrounding the carbon fibers.
  • the elongate electrically conductive member may advantageously be the most centrally located element of the cable.
  • the elongate electrically conductive element preferably does not surround any insulating or polymeric material, in particular of the insulating or polymeric layer type.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element may also comprise additional elements such as for example one or more non-metallized carbon fibers.
  • the metal layer (s) of the metallized carbon fiber (s) may comprise at least one metal chosen from copper, zinc, tin, and the like. silver, aluminum, and one of their alloys.
  • alloy is meant the combination or mixture of at least two metals, in particular chosen from those listed above.
  • the metal layer may comprise only copper or only a copper alloy.
  • the metal layers may comprise copper or a copper alloy
  • the one or more other metal layers (s) may comprise a different metal, especially selected from zinc, nickel, tin, silver, aluminum, and a mixture thereof.
  • the metal layer may be in direct physical contact with the carbon fiber of the metallized carbon fiber or with each carbon fiber of said set of metallized carbon fibers.
  • the metal layer may be bound by physical and / or chemical interactions, preferably by covalent bond, to the carbon fiber to allow good adhesion of the metal layer to the carbon fiber.
  • An intermediate layer called "adhesion” may be placed between the carbon fiber and the metal layer of the metallized carbon fiber, to improve the adhesion of the metal layer around the carbon fiber.
  • the intermediate layer may be a metal layer, which may include one or more metals selected from tin, nickel, copper, aluminum, silver, and a mixture thereof.
  • the metal layer may have an average thickness of at least 100 nm, preferably at least 500 nm, and more preferably at least 1 ⁇ m. In a particular embodiment, the average thickness of the metal layer may be at most 5 microns.
  • the average thickness of the metal layer is the number average thickness between at least two thicknesses respectively measured at two different points along the carbon fiber (s). If the thickness of the metal layer is substantially constant along the carbon fiber (s), the average thickness of the metal layer is equal to the thickness of the metal layer at any point of the fiber (s) ( s) carbon.
  • the average thickness of the metal layer can be easily determined by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the metal layer may have a constant thickness along the length of the carbon fiber or carbon fiber (s) of a set of metallized carbon fibers.
  • a constant thickness means that the thickness of the metal layer can vary by at most ⁇ 30% with respect to the average thickness of the metal layer, preferably at most ⁇ 20% with respect to the average thickness of the metal layer. the metal layer, and more preferably at most ⁇ 10% with respect to the average thickness of the metal layer.
  • the thickness of the metal layer may be adapted according to the nature of the metal or metals it comprises and the desired conductivity.
  • a metallic layer comprising a metal having a low conductivity may be thicker than a metal layer comprising a metal having a higher conductivity.
  • the metallization of the carbon fiber or carbon fiber (s) of a set of carbon fibers can be carried out by a method chosen from electroplating, electroplating (known as electroplating ), electro- plating without electrical current (known as electroless plating ), vacuum thermal evaporation ( "Heated evaporation "), electron beam evaporation , sputtering , ion assisted deposition ( ion assisted deposition ).
  • the metallization of the carbon fiber (s) can be carried out by electrodeposition.
  • the metallized carbon fiber (s) may have a length ranging from 100 m to 200 km, preferably ranging from 100 m to 10 km, and more preferably ranging from 100 to 100 km. m to 3 km.
  • the carbon fiber (non-metallized) of a metallized carbon fiber or the (non-metallized) carbon fibers constituting the set of metallized carbon fibers may have a diameter ranging from 0.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m. ⁇ m, preferably ranging from 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably ranging from 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. These values are given for the carbon fiber without taking into account any possible metal layer (s) covering it.
  • the metallized carbon fiber or the set of metallized carbon fibers may have a cross section ranging from 0.2 ⁇ m 2 to 1000 ⁇ m 2 , preferably ranging from 1 ⁇ m 2 to 500 ⁇ m 2 , and more preferentially ranging from 10 ⁇ m 2 at 100 ⁇ m 2 .
  • the elongate electrically conductive element may have a direct current electrical conductivity of at least 3% IACS, preferably at least 5% IACS, and more preferably at least 10% IACS. According to the invention, the elongate electrically conductive element can have a DC electrical conductivity of at most 50% IACS
  • the electrical conductivity of a material is expressed in siemens per meter (S / m).
  • the electrical conductivity of a material is determined with respect to the electrical conductivity at 20 ° C of the annealed pure copper which is 5,8001x10 7 S / m.
  • the elongated electrically conductive member is surrounded by at least one polymeric layer.
  • the polymeric layer is an electrically insulating layer.
  • electrically insulating layer a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at most 1.10 -9 S / m (siemens per meter) (at 25 ° C).
  • the elongated electrically conductive element may comprise a single metallized carbon fiber surrounded by at least one polymeric layer.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element may comprise several metallized carbon fibers, all of said metallized fibers being surrounded by at least one polymeric layer.
  • polymeric layer a layer comprising at least one polymer, the term "polymer” as such generally meaning homopolymer or copolymer (e.g., block copolymer, random copolymer, terpolymer, etc.).
  • the polymer may advantageously be an olefin polymer (polyolefin) or, in other words, an olefin homo- or co-polymer, and may in particular be a thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer.
  • the olefin polymer is a polymer of ethylene or propylene.
  • the polymeric layer of the invention may comprise at least one polymer selected from a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), a very low density polyethylene (VLDPE), a low density polyethylene (LDPE), a medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), a high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), a copolymer of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA), of methyl acrylate (EMA), 2-hexylethyl acrylate (2HEA), a copolymer of ethylene and alpha-olefins, a copolymer of ethylene and propylene (EPR), a polyurethane, a fluoropolymer, a chlorinated polymer such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), a technical polymer, and mixtures thereof.
  • LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • VLDPE very low density polyethylene
  • LDPE
  • copolymers of ethylene and alpha-olefin examples include, for example, polyethylene octene (PEO).
  • Examples of copolymers of ethylene and propylene (EPR) include terpolymers of ethylene propylene diene (EPDM).
  • the term "technical polymer” is understood to mean a polymer having improved properties, which may be chosen especially from a polyphenylethylene ether, a polyamide, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polyimide, a fluorinated ethylene copolymer (FEP), a polyethylene furanoate (PEF) ), and one of their mixtures.
  • the polymeric layer may further comprise at least one additive chosen from antioxidants, stabilizers, crosslinking agents, scorch retardants, crosslinking co-agents, processing-promoting agents such as lubricants or waxes. , compatibilizers, coupling agents, charge stabilizers, and a mixture thereof.
  • the polymeric layer is a so-called "HFFR” layer for the Anglicism " Halogen-Free Flame Retardant” according to IEC 60754 Parts 1 and 2 (2011).
  • the polymeric layer may further comprise at least one filler.
  • the filler of the invention may be a mineral or organic filler. It can be selected from a flame retardant filler, an inert filler, and a mixture thereof.
  • the flame-retardant filler may be a hydrated filler, chosen in particular from metal hydroxides such as by for example, magnesium dihydroxide (MDH) or aluminum trihydroxide (ATH).
  • MDH magnesium dihydroxide
  • ATH aluminum trihydroxide
  • These flame retardant fillers act mainly physically by decomposing endothermically (eg water release), which has the effect of lowering the temperature of the polymeric layer and limiting the propagation of flames along the electrical device.
  • endothermically eg water release
  • the inert filler can be, for its part, chalk, talc, clay (e.g., kaolin), carbon black, or carbon nanotubes.
  • the polymeric layer may preferably be extruded.
  • the polymeric layer may be crosslinked or uncrosslinked.
  • the crosslinking can be carried out by conventional crosslinking techniques well known to those skilled in the art such as, for example, peroxide crosslinking and / or hydrosilylation under the action of heat; silane crosslinking in the presence of a crosslinking agent; crosslinking by electron beams, gamma rays, X-rays, or microwaves; photochemically crosslinking such as irradiation under beta radiation, or irradiation under ultraviolet radiation in the presence of a photoinitiator.
  • the crosslinking is preferably carried out according to the silane crosslinking technique.
  • the polymeric layer may have a thickness ranging from 10 ⁇ m to 2 mm, preferably from 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm, and more preferably from 100 ⁇ m to 700 ⁇ m.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a sheath, in particular a protective sheath, surrounding the polymer layer (s).
  • the sheath may be the outermost layer of the electrical cable of the invention.
  • the sheath is in particular a continuous and uniform layer around at least said polymeric layer. It makes it possible to ensure the protection of the electrically conductive element (s) elongated (s) insulated (s), especially against moisture, mechanical damage and / or deterioration of chemical origin. It can also be protected against mechanical damage
  • This sheath can be made conventionally from suitable thermoplastic materials such as HDPE (high density polyethylene), MDPE (medium density polyethylene) or LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene); or else materials retarding the propagation of the flame or resistant to the propagation of the flame.
  • the polymers mentioned for the polymeric layer of the invention can also be used for the sheath.
  • the outer protective sheath is an electrically insulating sheath.
  • the sheath may have a thickness ranging from 100 ⁇ m to 2 mm, preferably from 100 ⁇ m to 1.5 mm, and more preferably from 100 ⁇ m to 1 mm.
  • the electrical cable of the invention can typically, but not exclusively, be applied to the fields of low-voltage (especially less than 6kV), medium-voltage (especially 6 to 45-60 kV) or high-voltage energy cables.
  • voltage in particular greater than 60 kV, and up to 800 kV, whether DC or AC.
  • the figure 1 represents a cross-sectional view of an electric cable according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the figure 1 represents a cross-sectional view of an electric cable 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • the electrical cable 1 comprises a central elongated electrically conductive element 2 comprising an assembly of 12,000 metallized carbon fibers 3, each carbon fiber of said assembly being surrounded by a copper metal layer.
  • the elongate electrically conductive element 2 is surrounded by a polymeric layer 4.
  • An electrically insulating sheath 5 is placed around the polymeric layer 4.
  • the polymeric layer 4 is directly in physical contact with the elongated electrically conductive element 2 and the electrically insulating sheath 5 is in direct physical contact with the polymeric layer 4.
  • Example 1 consists in preparing an elongated electrically conductive element comprising 12000 non-metallized carbon fibers marketed by Toray under the reference TORAYCA T300.
  • the diameter of each carbon fiber is 7 ⁇ m.
  • Their length is 200 meters or more.
  • the density of the elongated electrically conductive member is determined by densimetric measurement according to ASTM D792-08, and is 1.76 g / cm 3 .
  • Example 2 consists in preparing an elongated electrically conductive element comprising 12000 nickel-plated carbon fibers marketed by the company Teijin under the reference TOHO TENAX HTS40.
  • the diameter of each carbon fiber alone (without the nickel layer) is 7 ⁇ m, and the nickel layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m around each carbon fiber.
  • the length of the nickel-plated carbon fiber is 200 meters or more.
  • the density of the elongated electrically conductive element is determined by densimetric measurement according to ASTM D792-08, and is 2.7 g / cm 3 .
  • Example 3 (example according to the invention)
  • Example 3 consists in preparing an elongated electrically conductive element comprising 12,000 copper-clad carbon fibers.
  • the metallization of the carbon fibers by copper is carried out by electroplating with copper metal (Cu (0) ) sold by the company Sifco under the reference COPPER ALKALINE DEPOT EPAIS CODE 5280, around 12000 respectively non-metallized carbon fibers marketed by Toray company under the reference TORAYCA T300.
  • the diameter of each non-metallized carbon fiber is 7 ⁇ m and their length is 200 meters or more.
  • the electroplating is carried out with a device of the current generator type of the TTI mark under the reference QPX600DP, for about 5 minutes, to obtain a copper layer about 1 micron thick around the carbon fibers.
  • An elongate electrically conductive member is formed from the copper-clad carbon fibers with 12,000 of said fibers.
  • the density of the elongated electrically conductive element is determined by densimetric measurement according to ASTM D792-08, and is 4.4 g / cm 3 .
  • the measurement of the specific conductivity (%) of the elongated electrically conductive elements of Examples 1, 2 and 3 is carried out by measuring 4 points according to ASTM B193 and ISO 3915.
  • the calculation of the specific conductivity is then determined from the value of the electrical conductivity and the density of the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • Example 1 12000 non-metallized carbon fibers 0.6
  • Example 2 12000 nickel-plated carbon fibers 7.4
  • Example 3 12000 Copper Carbon Fibers 39.9
  • the electrically conductive element of the invention as exemplified in Example 3, has a much higher specific conductivity than that of Example 1 and Example 2.
  • the electrically conductive element of the invention in an electric cable makes it possible significantly to limit, or even avoid, the use of solid metal conductors, while having very good mechanical and physicochemical properties.

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EP18179221.9A 2017-06-30 2018-06-22 Kabel, das ein elektrisch leitendes element umfasst, das metallisierte karbonfasern enthält Active EP3422366B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1756118A FR3068504B1 (fr) 2017-06-30 2017-06-30 Cable comprenant un element electriquement conducteur comprenant des fibres de carbone metallisees

Publications (3)

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EP3422366A1 true EP3422366A1 (de) 2019-01-02
EP3422366C0 EP3422366C0 (de) 2025-08-06
EP3422366B1 EP3422366B1 (de) 2025-08-06

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3098975A1 (fr) * 2019-07-19 2021-01-22 Nexans fil composite comprenant des nanotubes de carbone et au moins un métal
US11508498B2 (en) * 2019-11-26 2022-11-22 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090194313A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Tsinghua University Coaxial cable
US20110209894A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics Electrically Conductive Composite Material
WO2013016445A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Tyco Electronics Corporation Carbon-based substrate conductor
US20140057127A1 (en) * 2012-08-22 2014-02-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Method for processing at least one carbon fiber, method for fabricating a carbon copper composite, and carbon copper composite

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10115492B2 (en) * 2017-02-24 2018-10-30 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electrically conductive carbon nanotube wire having a metallic coating and methods of forming same

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090194313A1 (en) * 2008-02-01 2009-08-06 Tsinghua University Coaxial cable
US20110209894A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics Electrically Conductive Composite Material
WO2013016445A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Tyco Electronics Corporation Carbon-based substrate conductor
US20140057127A1 (en) * 2012-08-22 2014-02-27 Infineon Technologies Ag Method for processing at least one carbon fiber, method for fabricating a carbon copper composite, and carbon copper composite

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3098975A1 (fr) * 2019-07-19 2021-01-22 Nexans fil composite comprenant des nanotubes de carbone et au moins un métal
WO2021014068A1 (fr) * 2019-07-19 2021-01-28 Nexans Fil composite comprenant des nanotubes de carbone et au moins un métal
US11508498B2 (en) * 2019-11-26 2022-11-22 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods thereof
US11823814B2 (en) 2019-11-26 2023-11-21 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods thereof
US20240170187A1 (en) * 2019-11-26 2024-05-23 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods thereof
US12224084B2 (en) * 2019-11-26 2025-02-11 Trimtabs Ltd Cables and methods thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3068504B1 (fr) 2020-12-18
EP3422366C0 (de) 2025-08-06
FR3068504A1 (fr) 2019-01-04
EP3422366B1 (de) 2025-08-06

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