EP2557572B1 - Teilentladungsbeständiges elektrisches kabel - Google Patents

Teilentladungsbeständiges elektrisches kabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2557572B1
EP2557572B1 EP12179482.0A EP12179482A EP2557572B1 EP 2557572 B1 EP2557572 B1 EP 2557572B1 EP 12179482 A EP12179482 A EP 12179482A EP 2557572 B1 EP2557572 B1 EP 2557572B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
electric cable
fluorinated
ptfe
cable
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EP12179482.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2557572A1 (de
Inventor
Hakim Janah
Thiery Daumand
Virak Phul
Patrick Rybski
Pascal Clouet
Wilfried Lecluse
Rui Manuel Da Silva
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/002—Inhomogeneous material in general
    • H01B3/004—Inhomogeneous material in general with conductive additives or conductive layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/2813—Protection against damage caused by electrical, chemical or water tree deterioration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216—Two layers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric cable, and typically but not exclusively applies to electrical cables used in aeronautics, for example on board aircraft.
  • This type of electric cable must meet many criteria necessary for its use in aeronautics, especially when it is subjected to high voltages, of the order of 230 V, and for cables located in non-pressurized areas.
  • the document EP 1 498 909 relates to a multi-layer composition whose function is to isolate and / or protect electrically conductive materials, such as cables for aeronautics.
  • This insulating composition comprises successively around the electrical element to be protected, a first layer of polyimide (PI), a second layer of perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer and optionally a outer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the thickness of the IP layer ranges from 8 to 150 ⁇ m and the PTFE thickness ranges from 1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the resistance to partial discharges of a cable surrounded by this composition is also not optimized for high voltages, such as 230 V.
  • the present invention aims to propose a new cable that avoids all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the present invention aims to provide a cable resistant to partial discharges, especially when the cable is intended for the field of aeronautics and undergoes during a flight, high temperatures (around 150 ° C) and low pressures (about 150 mbar)
  • said total thickness of all the fluorinated layers of at least 0.4 mm within the various layers of the cable makes it possible to increase the resistance of said cable to partial discharges and this whatever the diameter of the cable.
  • a layer is said to comprise at least one fluorinated compound when it comprises, by weight relative to the weight of said layer, at least 50% of fluorinated compound (s), preferably at least 70% of compound (s) fluorinated (s), and even more preferably at least 80% of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferably 90% of fluorinated compound (s), such as in particular PTFE, PFA, ETFE or FEP or a combination thereof.
  • the fluorinated compound is PTFE.
  • the total thickness of all the layers of after sintering is at least 0.5 mm, and preferably 0.56 mm, while the maximum total thickness of all the PTFE layers, will advantageously be around 0.7 mm.
  • the thickness, in particular the maximum, of all the fluorinated layers will be a function of the volume intended for wiring in the aircraft.
  • the second layer of PTFE can be tape and / or extruded.
  • the second layer When banded, the second layer may be the winding of one or more PTFE tapes. It is then sintered to give it its mechanical properties.
  • the second layer comprises one or more tapes of PTFE, covered with an extruded layer of PTFE.
  • the second layer is partially or completely sintered, preferably completely sintered.
  • the first layer of PI and the second layer of PTFE are separated by an adhesive layer or a semiconductor layer or a combination thereof.
  • the semiconductor layer is disposed at the surface around the second layer, or between the first and the second layer, or between the conductive element and the first layer, or one of their combinations.
  • the semiconductor layer is in the form of ribbon, extrudate, or varnish, or a combination thereof. According to the invention, it is more particularly considered that a layer is semiconductive when its electrical conductivity is at least 0.001 Sm -1 (siemens per meter).
  • the semiconductor layer when it is in the form of ribbon or extrudate, it may be composed of polymer or fluorinated copolymers (see fluorinated semiconductor layer) comprising, by weight relative to the total weight of said semiconductor layer, from 0.1% to 40% (electrically) conductive filler.
  • the semiconductor layer When the semiconductor layer is in the form of a varnish, it may be composed of fluorinated components, such as FEP or PFA dispersions or PTFE comprising, by weight relative to the total weight of said semiconductor layer, 0.1% to 40% (electrically) conductive charge.
  • fluorinated components such as FEP or PFA dispersions or PTFE comprising, by weight relative to the total weight of said semiconductor layer, 0.1% to 40% (electrically) conductive charge.
  • the at least one semiconductor layer may comprise at least 10% by weight of electrically conductive filler, and still more preferably at least 25% by weight of electrically conductive filler, relative to the total weight of said semiconductor layer.
  • the electrically conductive filler may advantageously be chosen from carbon blacks, carbon nanotubes, or a mixture thereof.
  • the semiconductor layer has a longitudinal resistivity of 0.04 to 100 Ohm.m, preferably 0.06 to 0.6 Ohm.m.
  • the first polyimide layer varies from 0.015 mm to 0.1 mm, and preferably is of the order of 0.030 to 0.075 mm, and even more preferably of the order of 0.060 mm.
  • This first layer comprising polyimide may be made by taping (winding a polyimide tape) or by coating varnish (mixture of components polymerizing in situ), according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • At least one adhesive layer is disposed on: at least one of the two faces of the first layer comprising polyimide, or between the conductive element and the semiconductor layer when it is between the conductive element and the first layer, or one of their combinations.
  • An adhesive layer has the function of allowing adhesion between the layers that it connects or between the conductive element and the layer that it connects.
  • the adhesive layer or layers is composed of one or more fluorinated polymers. This is called fluorinated adhesive layer.
  • the fluoropolymer or polymers of the adhesive layer are chosen from: poly (tetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene) (FEP), perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and poly (ethylene-co tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), or a combination thereof, said aforementioned fluorinated compounds having adhesion properties.
  • FEP poly (tetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene)
  • PFA perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • ETFE poly (ethylene-co tetrafluoroethylene)
  • the fluoropolymer or polymers of the adhesive layer undergo prior treatment that gives them their adherent property, as is the case for the product Kapton FN ® sold
  • the first polyimide layer can be coated on each of its faces with a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) coating as an adhesive layer.
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer
  • FN Kapton ® product is suitable for the present invention. It is in the form of ribbon.
  • the thickness of FEP per side is in this case 2.5 ⁇ m and the thickness of PI is 25.4 ⁇ m.
  • the layer of PI in the cable is thus obtained by winding at least two layers of tape so that it overlaps, and results in a layer thickness of PI of the order of 0.05 mm and a thickness of PI layer with adhesive layers (Kapton FN ® product ) of the order of 0.06mm.
  • the thickness ratio of the second PTFE layer on the PI layer varies from 4 to 22, and preferably from 7.5 to 12, for nominal conductor cross-sections ranging from 0.15 to 95 mm 2 .
  • the conductive element that is suitable according to the invention is, for example, of the solid or stranded type and may correspond to: copper (Cu), an alloy of tin-plated Cu, a silver-alloy of Cu, an alloy nickel-plated Cu, nickel-plated aluminum (AI), copper-plated and nickel-plated aluminum (well known under the Anglicism " nickel plated copper clad aluminum").
  • the electrical cable further comprises an outer layer (surface) capable of being marked.
  • This last layer may be a ribbon or a fluoropolymer extrudate or a fluorinated varnish (such as for example PTFE, FEP, PFA, ETFE or a mixture thereof) comprising metal complex type pigments.
  • the cable comprising the aforementioned characteristics is intended to be used in the field of aeronautics and is particularly intended to equip aircraft.
  • Example 1 Example of composition of a cable according to the invention (FIG.
  • the hook up wire or the power cable 1, shown in FIG. figure 1 comprises: a central conducting element 2, in particular of copper or aluminum, of multi-strand type, and, successively and coaxially around this element, a first FEP adhesive layer 5a, a polyimide layer PI 3 called "first layer”, a second adhesive layer 5b and a PTFE layer 4, said second layer, here representing the outer layer of the cable 1.
  • the various layers are obtained by taping.
  • the cable is then heat-treated to sinter the outer layer of PTFE. For this, a temperature above 340 ° C is applied.
  • an electrical cable comprises an electrical conductor, for example copper or copper alloy coated with a layer of nickel, generally of the multi-strand type.
  • Said electrical conductor is covered with an adhesive layer FEP, itself covered with a layer PI, itself covered with another adhesive layer FEP.
  • This FEP / PI / FEP assembly preferably corresponds to Kapton FN ® tape from Dupont comprising a 25.4 ⁇ m thick layer of PID coated on each of its faces with a 2.5 ⁇ m thick FEP layer. 'thickness.
  • the FEP / PI / FEP assembly is then surrounded by a layer comprising a winding of three PTFE tapes: a first PTFE tape having a thickness before sintering of the order of 180 ⁇ m mm, a second PTFE tape of a thickness of thickness before sintering of the order of 180 microns, and a third PTFE tape which advantageously comprises a layer of pigmented PTFE (3%) and has a thickness before sintering of the order of 76 microns.
  • the pigment of the third PTFE tape is a metal complex. This allows UV laser marking of the surface of the outer layer of said third ribbon. Generally, the pigments do not represent more than 5% by weight of said third ribbon. It is preferable not to exceed this value of 5%, or even to minimize it so as not to degrade the electrical properties of the cable.
  • the electrical conductor thus isolated is heat-treated in an oven at a temperature above the melting temperature of the PTFE, ie at a temperature of greater than 340 ° C, to sinter PTFE.
  • this single heat treatment step which comprises the heat-sealing step of the polyimide and the sintering step of the PTFE, it ensures the adhesion of all the thicknesses of ribbons. Indeed, the heat treatment leads to the cohesion of the PTFE tape on the tape PI and the sticking of the tape PI on itself and on the conductive element.
  • the step of marking the third ribbon is performed according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • a second heat treatment at a temperature above 340 ° C is performed, so as to sinter the second and third PTFE tape (ie the tapes laid after the first heat treatment).
  • the various stages of heat treatment are generally carried out in an oven or a battery of ovens.
  • the total thickness of the PTFE layer is of the order of 0.68 mm.
  • the cable is advantageously covered with a metal screen (wire braiding) and a composite sheath.
  • Example 3 Cable resistance test obtained according to Example 2 for different thickness of PTFE and different nominal conductor cross-sections (FIG. 2)
  • the discharge voltage was measured for different cables. These cables were made by following the method of Example 2. The first heat treatment takes place after the laying of the first ribbon and the second and last heat treatment takes place after the laying of the last ribbon.
  • the characteristics of the cables at the isolation stage (without metallic braid and sheath) according to the invention are represented in the table below:
  • the average thickness of Kapton FN ® represents the thickness measured on the cable once manufactured, while the thickness of the PTFE ribbons corresponds to the thickness of the PTFE tapes used (before manufacture of the cable) and the cumulative thickness corresponds to the thickness measured once the cable has been manufactured.
  • a loop of cable is made.
  • the diameter of the loop is between 8 and 12 times the outer diameter of the cable.
  • the braid of the cable is defeated about 5 mm to allow to connect it to the ground.
  • the cable loop is positioned in an oven configured to allow the application of vacuum, voltage and connection to the measuring system (oscilloscope).
  • the voltage is increased by 50 volts / s, until partial discharges occur.
  • the corresponding voltage (Partial Discharges Inception Voltage) is raised.
  • One of the features of the oscilloscope allows to count the number of discharges exceeding a previously defined template (5 pC).
  • the definition of the onset voltage of the partial discharges is that reached when there is at least one discharge per second for a period of 30 seconds.
  • the voltage is then increased by 100 volts above the PDIV before going down to determine the partial discharge extinction voltage, which is defined by the oscilloscope as the voltage at which the last discharge was detected.
  • cables having a cumulative layer thickness of greater than or equal to 0.4 mm PTFE can withstand a higher discharge voltage (PDIV) than cables having a total thickness of layers comprising PTFE less than 0.4mm, regardless of the section of the driver or its nature. It has been considered a PDIV limit higher than 800 V, peak value, which is the minimum voltage without discharges currently tapped for 230 V application of wiring and power cables.
  • PDIV discharge voltage

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Stromkabel (1), umfassend:
    - ein leitendes Element (2),
    - eine erste Schicht (3), die Polyimid (PI) umfasst, welche das leitende Element (2) umschließt,
    - eine zweite fluorierte Schicht (4), die Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) umfasst, welche die erste Schicht umschließt, und
    - optional mindestens eine fluorierte halbleitende Schicht, welche mindestens eine Fluorverbindung umfasst,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtdicke der Gruppe der PTFE-Schichten mindestens 0,4 mm beträgt.
  2. Stromkabel (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gesamtdicke der Gruppe der fluorierten Schichten mindestens 0,5 mm beträgt.
  3. Stromkabel (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluorverbindung der fluorierten halbleitenden Schicht ausgewählt ist aus: dem Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), dem Poly(tetrafluorethylen-co-hexafluorpropylen) (FEP), dem Perfluor(alkyvinylether)/Tetrafluorethylen-Copolymer (PFA) und dem Poly(ethylen-co-tetrafluorethylen) (ETFE) oder einer ihrer Kombinationen.
  4. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweite Schicht in Form eines oder mehrerer Streifen und von Extrudat oder einer ihrer Kombinationen vorliegt.
  5. Kabel nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweite Schicht vollständig frittiert ist.
  6. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die halbleitende Schicht auf der Oberfläche um die zweite Schicht (4) oder zwischen der ersten Schicht (3) und der zweiten Schicht (4) oder zwischen dem leitenden Element (2) und der ersten Schicht (3) oder einer ihrer Kombinationen positioniert ist.
  7. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, wobei die halbleitende Schicht in Form eines Streifens oder von Extrudat oder von Lack oder einer ihrer Kombinationen vorliegt.
  8. Stromkabel (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die halbleitende Schicht in Form eines Streifens oder von Extrudat vorliegt, sie sich aus Polymer oder fluorierten Copolymeren zusammensetzt, die im Verhältnis zum Gesamtgewicht der halbleitenden Schicht 0,1 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% (elektrisch) leitende Last umfassen.
  9. Stromkabel (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die halbleitende Schicht in Form von Lack vorliegt, sie sich aus fluorierten Bestandteilen zusammensetzt, die im Verhältnis zum Gesamtgewicht der halbleitenden Schicht 0,1 Gew.-% bis 40 Gew.-% (elektrisch) leitende Last umfassen.
  10. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die halbleitende Schichten eine Längsresistivität von 0,04 bis 100 Ohm.m aufweist.
  11. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke der ersten Schicht (3) von 0,028 mm bis 0,1 mm schwankt.
  12. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Haftschicht aufgebracht ist auf: mindestens einer der zwei Seiten der ersten Schicht (3) oder zwischen dem leitenden Element (2) und der halbleitenden Schicht, wenn sich diese zwischen dem leitenden Element (2) und der ersten Schicht (3) befindet, oder einer ihrer Kombinationen.
  13. Stromkabel (1) nach vorangehendem Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haftschicht aus einem oder mehreren fluorierten Polymeren zusammengesetzt ist.
  14. Stromkabel (1) nach vorangehendem Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das oder die fluorierten Polymere der Haftschicht ausgewählt sind aus: Poly(tetrafluorethylen-co-hexafluorpropylen) (FEP), Perfluor(alkyvinylether)/Tetrafluorethylen-Copolymer (PFA), Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE), und Poly(ethylen-co-tetrafluorethylen) (ETFE) oder einer ihrer Kombinationen, wobei die oben genannten fluorierten Verbindungen Hafteigenschaften aufweisen.
  15. Stromkabel (1) nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verhältniszahl der Dicke der fluorierten Schicht(en) auf der PI-Schicht von 4 bis 22 schwankt.
EP12179482.0A 2011-08-09 2012-08-07 Teilentladungsbeständiges elektrisches kabel Active EP2557572B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1157253A FR2979032B1 (fr) 2011-08-09 2011-08-09 Cable electrique resistant aux decharges partielles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2557572A1 EP2557572A1 (de) 2013-02-13
EP2557572B1 true EP2557572B1 (de) 2016-04-06

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EP12179482.0A Active EP2557572B1 (de) 2011-08-09 2012-08-07 Teilentladungsbeständiges elektrisches kabel

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US (1) US10096398B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2557572B1 (de)
CN (1) CN102956318A (de)
ES (1) ES2581605T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2979032B1 (de)

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TWI864310B (zh) 2020-07-28 2024-12-01 愛爾蘭商范斯福複合材料有限公司 介電基板及含彼之包銅層板及印刷電路板
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JP7649855B2 (ja) 2020-12-16 2025-03-21 バーシブ コンポジッツ リミテッド 誘電体基板及びその形成方法
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EP1380036B1 (de) * 2001-04-17 2007-10-10 Judd Wire, Inc. Mehrschichtiges isolationssystem für elektrische leiter
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EP2401748A1 (de) * 2009-02-27 2012-01-04 Tyco Electronics Corporation Mehrschichtiger isolierter leiter mit vernetzter äusserer schicht

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102956318A (zh) 2013-03-06
US10096398B2 (en) 2018-10-09
US20130206452A1 (en) 2013-08-15
FR2979032B1 (fr) 2013-07-26
FR2979032A1 (fr) 2013-02-15
ES2581605T3 (es) 2016-09-06
EP2557572A1 (de) 2013-02-13

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