EP3444461B1 - Thermostat pour un circuit de refroidisement du moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Thermostat pour un circuit de refroidisement du moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3444461B1
EP3444461B1 EP18188319.0A EP18188319A EP3444461B1 EP 3444461 B1 EP3444461 B1 EP 3444461B1 EP 18188319 A EP18188319 A EP 18188319A EP 3444461 B1 EP3444461 B1 EP 3444461B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermostat
coolant
temperature
sensitive material
capsule
Prior art date
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Application number
EP18188319.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3444461A1 (fr
Inventor
Massimiliano Borasso
Ignazio CATALANO
Stefano VITTORINI
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SEI - SERVIZI PER L'ECONOMIA E PER L'INGEGNERIA Srl
Meccanotecnica Umbra SpA
Original Assignee
Sei Servizi Per L'economia E Per L'ingegneria Srl
Meccanotecnica Umbra SpA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P7/16—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control
    • F01P7/167—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid by thermostatic control by adjusting the pre-set temperature according to engine parameters, e.g. engine load, engine speed

Definitions

  • the present patent application for industrial invention relates to a thermostat for the cooling system of an internal combustion engine for vehicles.
  • thermal management The sector related with the improvement of the heating (faster warm up) and with the control and management of the engine (thermal management) is undoubtedly characterized by very low implementation costs for saved CO2 unit (fuel consumption).
  • technologies are available also in the thermal management sector:
  • the possibility to change the thermal operation of the engine according to the load is extremely important.
  • the modification of the thermal operation of the engine depends on the modification of the temperature of the water of the cooling circuit.
  • Such a modification of the thermal operation is defined by the opening of a valve provided in a thermostat disposed in a conduit in communication with the radiator.
  • the opening of such a valve permits a flow of coolant from the radiator to the engine.
  • the valve of the thermostat has a shutter that is kept in normally closed position by means of a spring connected to the shutter.
  • a wax capsule is mounted inside the spring.
  • the complete expansion of the wax capsule is obtained in a temperature range from 85°C to 95°C.
  • the complete expansion of the wax capsule corresponds to a force that pushes the shutter of the valve and lets the coolant circulate from the radiator towards the engine.
  • the heat acquired by the coolant during the cooling of the engine is exchanged in the radiator and the temperature of the coolant remains constant. If the way from the radiator to the engine was closed, the coolant would recirculate inside the engine and would be progressively heated. When the way from the radiator to the engine is open, the radiator adjusts the temperature of the coolant, which is maintained in a range defined by the complete opening of the thermostat valve.
  • thermostats electrically-assisted thermostats
  • a thermal resistance is housed inside the wax capsule, which causes the expansion of the wax capsule when it is crossed by the electrical current, before the preset temperature range is reached by the coolant. So, the opening of the thermostat valve is anticipated. Because of the anticipated opening of the way from the radiator to the engine, the coolant is stabilized at a lower temperature and this is a larger operational margin of the cooling circuit compared to the situation without electrical command. For example, in sports engines, the engine must be stabilized at a lower thermal level in order to avoid local overheating, localized vaporization, etc.
  • an electrically-assisted thermostat has a higher level of freedom compared to traditional thermostats because it permits to modify the temperature of the coolant "downwards", thus bringing the parts assisted by the coolant to a lower thermal level.
  • These parts can be metal masses of the engine, the lubrication oil, the overpowering air, the recirculated discharge gases and any other functions related with the coolant.
  • this type of electrically-assisted thermostat is impaired by the fact that the temperature of the coolant cannot be modified "upwards".
  • the heating resistance permits the anticipation of opening of the thermostat valve, but not its delay.
  • the thermostat valve opens inevitably, permitting the coolant to flow from the radiator to the engine.
  • said exchange corresponds to the maintenance of a thermal level of the coolant at the complete opening value of the thermostat. Upwards variations are possible, but they are temporary and related to limited periods and, in any case, defined by the temperature of the complete opening of the thermostat.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by disclosing a thermostat for cooling system of an internal combustion engine that is versatile and suitable for operating with different levels of freedom, being a better control element of the temperature of the coolant compared to the thermostats of the prior art.
  • Another purpose of the present invention is to disclose such a thermostat that is efficient, effective, reliable, inexpensive and easy to make.
  • the cooling means of the thermostat provide the thermal control of the engine at different temperature values. This involves several advantages that are reflected on the output of the internal combustion engine, with special reference to heavy duty engines with very long mileage.
  • a higher average temperature of the engine corresponds to:
  • connection of the Peltier cell to electrical power cables permits to use the same power system of the electrical resistance to power the Peltier cell.
  • the cooling means may comprise a cooling system that feeds a coolant used to cool the sensitive element by means of conduits.
  • an internal combustion engine (100) is illustrated, it being provided with a cooling system.
  • the cooling system comprises a supply tank (101) that contains a coolant that circulates in a cooling circuit (102).
  • the cooling circuit (102) is connected to:
  • a temperature sensor (108) is disposed in the cooling circuit (102) to detect the temperature of the coolant that circulates in the cooling circuit.
  • a thermostat (1) is disposed in the cooling circuit (102) in communication with the engine (100) and with the radiator (104).
  • the thermostat (1) is a three-way valve with a body (10) that comprises:
  • a shutter (3) is disposed in the body (10) of the thermostat in such a way as to close and open the flow of coolant on the second inlet (12) connected to the radiator (104) or on the first inlet (11) connected to the engine (100).
  • the body (10) comprises:
  • the shutter (3) is a cylinder that is mounted with possibility of sliding in axial direction on a cylindrical shank (15) integral with the body (10) of the thermostat.
  • the shutter comprises:
  • a spring (25) is disposed around the shutter (3).
  • the spring has a first end (25a) fixed to the body (10) and a second end (25b) fixed to the first flange (30), in such a way as to push the first flange (30) in a closing position of the second inlet (12) from the radiator.
  • the thermostat (1) is a thermostat valve of the normally closed type, which opens when the temperature of the coolant reaches a preset threshold value, generally comprised in the range of 85°C-95°C.
  • the thermostat (1) when the temperature of the coolant that circulates n the cooling circuit (102) is lower than the threshold value, the thermostat (1) is closed, i.e. the shutter (3) closes the flow from the radiator to the engine. Therefore the radiator (104) is bypassed and the coolant exchanges heat in the heat exchanger (103) of the engine (100), cooling down the engine (100) without passing through the radiator (104), and increasing its temperature.
  • the thermostat (1) opens, i.e. the shutter (3) opens the flow from the radiator to the engine; therefore the coolant passes through the radiator (104) wherein it is cooled, and flows towards the engine (100), in such a way as to maintain a substantially constant temperature of the coolant.
  • thermostat (1) is closed, i.e. the shutter closes the flow from the radiator to the engine.
  • thermostat (1) is open, i.e. the shutter opens the flow from the radiator to the engine.
  • the thermostat (1) comprises a sensitive element (4) disposed inside the cylindrical body of the shutter (3).
  • the sensitive element (4) comprises a capsule (40) fixed to the cylindrical shank (15) of the body of the thermostat.
  • the capsule (40) is internally empty.
  • a sensitive material (5) is disposed inside the capsule (40) and changes its volume when its temperature reaches the threshold value.
  • the sensitive material (5) is generally composed of a wax mixture that melts and increases its volume at a temperature of approximately 85°C -95°C. Other types of sensitive materials, including liquid and gaseous materials, can be provided.
  • the wax (5) is held by a flexible membrane (6) composed of a seal that surrounds and holds an actuation stem (8) and prevents the wax (5) from coming out of the capsule (40).
  • the actuation stem (8) has a point (80) in contact with the membrane (6).
  • the actuation stem (8) is mounted with possibility of sliding in axial direction inside a guide (41) integral with the capsule (40) of the sensitive element.
  • the actuation stem (8) has a back portion (82) that comes out of the capsule (40) and is connected to the shutter (3) ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the back portion (82) of the actuation stem is connected to the second flange (31) of the shutter.
  • the coolant is in contact with the cylindrical body of the shutter (3) that transfers the heat to the sensitive element (4) by conduction. Therefore, when the temperature of the coolant reaches the threshold value, the sensitive material (5) melts and increases its value. Consequently, the actuation stem (8) is pushed downwards by the sensitive material (5), overcoming the force of the thrust (25). Therefore the shutter (3) is moved to the opening position, permitting the flow of the coolant from the radiator.
  • An electrical heating resistance (7) is disposed in the sensitive material (5).
  • the electrical heating resistance (7) is connected to power supply cables (70) that come out of the sensitive element to be connected to a power supply system (75).
  • the electrical heating resistance (7) increases its temperature when it is crossed by the electrical current.
  • the electrical heating resistance (7) is powered in order to heat the sensitive material (5) in such a way that the sensitive material (5) reaches the threshold value where the volume increases and actuates the actuation stem (8) opening the flow from the radiator (104) towards the engine (100).
  • the cooling means (R) comprise a Peltier cell (9) disposed around the capsule (40) of the sensitive element.
  • the Peltier cell (9) When it is crossed by the electrical current, the Peltier cell (9) has a cold side (9a) in contact with the capsule (40) of the sensitive element to absorb heat and cool the sensitive element, and a warm side (9b) facing outwards to dissipate the heat.
  • a heat sink (not shown in Fig. 4 ) can be provided outside the Peltier cell.
  • the Peltier cell (9) is connected to power supply cables (90) that come out of the sensitive element to be connected to a power supply system (75). In such a case, the same power supply system of the electrical heating element (7) can be used to power the Peltier cell (9).
  • the Peltier cell (17) is cylindrical and internally empty, with the cold surface (17) facing inwards, in such a way as to be inserted on the capsule (40) of the sensitive element.
  • the electrical heating element (7) is disposed inside the capsule (40) of the sensitive element, in an upper portion of the capsule (40). Instead, the Peltier cell (17) is disposed outside the capsule (40) of the sensitive element, in a lower portion of the capsule (40).
  • the Peltier cell (9) is powered in order to take the heat from the sensitive element (4), cooling the sensitive material (5), in such a way that the sensitive material (5) does not reach the threshold value where it increases its volume and actuates the actuation stem (8).
  • the shutter (3) remains in closed position, also when the temperature of the coolant has reached the threshold value.
  • Figs. 5 , 6 and 7 show a second embodiment, wherein instead of the Peltier cell, the cooling means (R) comprise a cooling system (209) that feeds a coolant used to cool the sensitive element (4) by means of conduits (290).
  • the cooling means (R) comprise a cooling system (209) that feeds a coolant used to cool the sensitive element (4) by means of conduits (290).
  • the coolant coming from the cooling system (209) is directly introduced inside the cylindrical body of the shutter (3) to come in contact with the external surface of the capsule (40) that contains the sensitive material (5).
  • a cylindrical chamber (35) is disposed between the external surface of the capsule (40) and the internal surface of the cylindrical body of the shutter (3), surrounding the capsule (40).
  • the coolant can circulate in the cylindrical chamber (35).
  • conduits (290) of the coolant are obtained in the shank (15) of the body of the thermostat and communicate with the chamber (35).
  • the conduits (290) of the cooling fluid can communicate with a heat exchanger disposed in the chamber (35) around the capsule (40) of the sensitive element.
  • the heat exchanger is an optional element because the flow of coolant removes the heat.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling system (209) in such a way to form a cooling circuit where the coolant is fed.
  • the cooling system (209) can comprise the refrigeration unit of the vehicle used as air conditioner of the vehicle to cool the coolant or another dedicated refrigeration unit.
  • the cooling system (209) of the thermostat can use the coolant that comes out of the radiator (104), which eventually passes in the cooling unit represented by the air conditioner of the vehicle or by another dedicated cooling unit.
  • the thermostat (1) Because of the cooling means (R), the thermostat (1) has an additional level of freedom that permits to change the temperature of the coolant "upwards", delaying the opening of the thermostat (1) in such a way to have a coolant that is stabilized to a higher temperature than the temperature of the traditional range (85°C-95 °C). This result can be obtained without dramatically changing the technology of the thermostat (1), cooling the sensitive element (4) in such a way that the temperature of the coolant can reach higher values, until the way to the radiator (104) is opened.
  • the cooling of the sensitive element (4) can be obtained:
  • the cooling power that is necessary for cooling the sensitive element (4) must be such to keep the sensitive material (5) contracted, in such a way not to expand, exerting the force that, by opposing the force of the spring (251), open the shutter (3) towards the way of the radiator (104).
  • the electrical power to be absorbed by the sensitive element (4) depends on several factors. For illustrative purposes:
  • the cooling energy is 200 J. If such energy is supplied in 10/20 seconds, the necessary cooling power is 10-20 W.
  • the thermostat (1) is opened when the coolant has a higher temperature than the convention range (85°C-95 °C), in such a way as to have a coolant stabilized at a higher temperature.
  • the opening temperature value of the thermostat (1) from the radiator (104) to the engine (100) may be related to the engine parameters declared by the engine manufacturer and, by means of a temperature map (111) with the operation temperatures of the engine that are obtained either experimentally or theoretically or from on board processing by means of semi-empirical mathematical models.
  • Said temperature map (111) is stored in a memory of an electronic control unit (110).
  • the temperature sensor (108) detects the temperature of the coolant that comes out of the engine (100). The temperature detected by the sensor (108) is compared with the temperature values of the temperature map (111). According to the temperature control, the electronic control unit (110) sends a command signal (S1) to control the operation of the cooling means (R) of the thermostat and consequently the movement of the shutter (3) of the thermostat to adjust the opening/closing level of the flow from the radiator to the engine according to the temperature values of the temperature map (111).
  • the temperature of the coolant acts as control variable of an operation status of the engine, which is specifically controlled for the thermal aspects of the engine (metal masses, engine oil, thermal services provided on board, etc.) according to the reduction of consumption, polluting emissions and CO2 emission.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Thermostat (1) pour système de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne (100) pour véhicule dont le système de refroidissement comprend un radiateur (104) et un circuit de refroidissement (102),
    ledit thermostat (1) comprenant :
    - un élément sensible (4) comprenant une capsule (40) contenant un matériau sensible (5) qui varie son volume quand il atteint une température de seuil,
    - une tige d'actionnement (8) associée au matériau sensible (5) et raccordée à un obturateur (3) apte à ouvrir/fermer un débit de liquide réfrigérant depuis le radiateur (104) vers le moteur (100), ledit obturateur (3) étant en position fermée lorsque le matériau sensible (5) a une température inférieure à la température de seuil et se déplaçant en position ouverte lorsque le matériau sensible atteint et dépasse la température de seuil,
    - des moyens de refroidissement (R) couplés au dit élément sensible (4), pour refroidir le matériau sensible (5), en retardant l'ouverture de l'obturateur (3) du thermostat (1), de façon à obtenir un liquide de refroidissement stabilisé à une température supérieure à la température de seuil du matériau sensible ; lesdits moyens de refroidissement (R) comprenant au moins un module de Peltier (9) disposé sur ladite capsule (40) de l'élément sensible ;
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend
    - une résistance électrique chauffante (7) disposée dans ladite capsule (40) pour réchauffer ledit matériau sensible (5), et
    - un système d'alimentation électrique (75) branché à la résistance électrique (7) pour alimenter ladite résistance électrique chauffante (15),
    où ledit système d'alimentation électrique (75) est branché au dit module de Peltier (9) pour alimenter ledit module de Peltier (9).
  2. Thermostat (1) selon la revendication 1, où ledit module de Peltier (9) entoure ladite capsule (40).
  3. Thermostat (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comprenant un dissipateur de chaleur couplé à l'externe du dit module de Peltier (9).
  4. Thermostat (1) pour système de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne (100) pour véhicule dont le système de refroidissement comprend un radiateur (104) et un circuit de refroidissement (102),
    ledit thermostat (1) comprenant :
    - un élément sensible (4) comprenant une capsule (40) contenant un matériau sensible (5) qui varie son volume quand il atteint une température de seuil,
    - une tige d'actionnement (8) associée au matériau sensible (5) et raccordée à un obturateur (3) apte à ouvrir/fermer un débit de liquide réfrigérant depuis le radiateur (104) vers le moteur (100), ledit obturateur (3) étant en position fermée lorsque le matériau sensible (5) a une température inférieure à la température de seuil et se déplaçant en position ouverte lorsque le matériau sensible atteint et dépasse la température de seuil,
    - des moyens de refroidissement (R) couplés au dit élément sensible (4), pour refroidir le matériau sensible (5), en retardant l'ouverture de l'obturateur (3) du thermostat (1), de façon à obtenir un liquide de refroidissement stabilisé à une température supérieure à la température de seuil du matériau sensible ;
    où lesdits moyens de refroidissement (R) comprennent un système de refroidissement (209) de l'élément sensible qui alimente un liquide de refroidissement sur l'élément sensible (4), de façon à refroidir l'élément sensible (4),
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite capsule (40) de l'élément sensible est disposée dans un corps cylindrique de l'obturateur (3) et lesdits moyens de refroidissement (R) comprennent des conduits (290) raccordés au système de refroidissement (209) de l'élément sensible et en communication avec l'intérieur de l'obturateur (3) dans laquelle ladite capsule (40) est disposée pour introduire le liquide de refroidissement dans l'obturateur en contact avec ladite capsule (40) contenant le matériau sensible.
  5. Thermostat (1) selon la revendication 4, où ledit système de refroidissement (209) de l'élément sensible comprend un climatiseur qui est le climatiseur du véhicule.
  6. Thermostat (1) selon la revendication 4 ou 5, où ledit système de refroidissement (209) de l'élément sensible prélève le liquide de refroidissement dans ledit circuit de refroidissement (102) du moteur à combustion interne (100) du véhicule, en aval du radiateur (104).
  7. Système de contrôle du liquide de refroidissement d'un moteur à combustion interne (100) comprenant :
    - un thermostat (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    - un capteur de température (108) disposé de manière à relever la température du liquide de refroidissement à la sortie du moteur à combustion interne (100),
    - une carte de températures (111) enregistrée dans une mémoire et contenant les températures de fonctionnement du moteur à combustion interne (100),
    - une unité de commande (110) branchée au capteur de température (108), à la carte des températures (111) et aux moyens de refroidissement (R) du thermostat pour commander les moyens de refroidissement (R) conformément aux valeurs de température de la carte des températures (111).
EP18188319.0A 2017-08-18 2018-08-09 Thermostat pour un circuit de refroidisement du moteur à combustion interne Active EP3444461B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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IT201700094265 2017-08-18

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EP3444461A1 EP3444461A1 (fr) 2019-02-20
EP3444461B1 true EP3444461B1 (fr) 2020-03-11

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109958521B (zh) * 2019-04-18 2024-04-26 瑞安市腾立汽车零部件有限公司 一种汽车电子节温器总成
CN112664307A (zh) * 2019-10-16 2021-04-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 节温器及具有其的车辆的冷却循环系统

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0473473A (ja) * 1990-07-12 1992-03-09 Nippondenso Co Ltd 内燃機関の冷却液制御装置
EP1111215B1 (fr) * 1999-12-21 2004-09-08 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Ensemble de thermostat pour un circuit de refroidissement
JP3932277B2 (ja) * 2002-10-18 2007-06-20 日本サーモスタット株式会社 電子制御サーモスタットの制御方法
DE102010018998A1 (de) * 2010-05-03 2011-11-03 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Thermostatventil für einen Kühlkreislauf eines Verbrennungsmotors

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