EP3448593B1 - Dispositif et procédé de mise en forme de pièces par formage par impulsions magnétiques - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de mise en forme de pièces par formage par impulsions magnétiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3448593B1 EP3448593B1 EP17713289.1A EP17713289A EP3448593B1 EP 3448593 B1 EP3448593 B1 EP 3448593B1 EP 17713289 A EP17713289 A EP 17713289A EP 3448593 B1 EP3448593 B1 EP 3448593B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- forming
- magnetic
- tool
- workpiece
- installation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
- B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
- B30B1/42—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by magnetic means, e.g. electromagnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
Definitions
- a device for forming workpieces by means of magnetic pulse forming is specified. Furthermore, a method for forming workpieces, in particular a magnetic forming method for forming body sheet metal parts, is specified.
- Magnetic forming is an electrodynamic high-energy forming process for cold forming of flat and cylindrical semi-finished products made of electrically conductive materials using pulsed magnetic fields.
- the workpiece positioned near the coil is formed by the force of a pulsed magnetic field of very high intensity without contact, i.e. without mechanical contact with a tool on the side facing the magnet. As a result, neither surface contamination nor tool marks occur.
- the magnetic forming process is based on the physical fact that a time-varying magnetic field induces eddy currents in neighboring electrically conductive bodies.
- the strength of the induced currents and thus the force acting on the workpiece depend crucially on the electrical conductivity of the material used.
- the magnetic field exerts forces on these currents, the strength of which depends on the spatial gradient of the magnetic flux density and the magnitude of the induced currents, so that the conductive body to be formed experiences a force in the opposite direction to the direction of the coil. This force only acts for a few microseconds while the capacitors are discharging.
- the workpiece absorbs the required forming energy in the form of an impulse, which accelerates it and reaches speeds of up to 300 m/s.
- the occurring in the workpiece Stresses so high that flow occurs in the sense of forming technology and the shape of the tool underneath the workpiece is adopted.
- Magnetic fields suitable for magnet forming are generated, for example, by discharging charged capacitors in the course of a few tens of microseconds via a coil adapted to the workpiece geometry, which creates a very high magnetic field pulse in the area of the workpiece surface. The magnetic forces cause the coil to expand and the workpiece to move toward lower fields.
- a flat, spiral-shaped coil is usually arranged parallel to a flat sheet metal workpiece which lies on a forming tool or die underneath. If the magnetic field is generated directly above the material, it is pressed into the recesses of the forming tool or die by the electromagnetic forces. The magnetic field acts like a conventional press stamp.
- the pulsed magnetic field can be dosed very precisely, which means that metals can be pressed onto glass, plastics, composites or metals with high repeat accuracy. Magnetic fields and magnetic forces work unhindered through materials such as glass, ceramics and plastic, which is why magnet forming can also be used under vacuum, in an inert gas atmosphere or under clean room conditions. Forming in a liquid is also possible (e.g. water).
- the magnetic impulse is transmitted through the fluid in the form of a wave.
- high-strength steel and aluminum alloys can be cold formed in almost any way without cracks occurring in the material.
- forming is the generic term for all manufacturing processes in which metals or thermoplastics are plastically shaped in a targeted manner.
- a primary material is formed into a semi-finished product or workpieces are produced from the semi-finished product.
- the material retains its mass and cohesion during the forming.
- Forming differs from deformation in that the change in shape is introduced in a targeted manner. Deformation, on the other hand, is an untargeted plastic change in shape.
- Forming lines that are currently known in the state of the art have a large number of presses and deep-drawing systems in which high-strength and high-strength steels are cold, semi-hot or hot formed. For this purpose, the material is partly heated in the press or deep-drawing system and then formed. One forming is usually carried out per station, so that the workpieces are transported between the individual stations by hand or fully automatically.
- Forming in several steps can have various reasons, one of which is the limited formability of the material per work step.
- Sometimes components are reheated between the forming steps in order to reduce the stresses in the material introduced during the forming. This has a high energy consumption as well as a longer one result in process time.
- a lot of energy is required for forming and for heating the material.
- the forming lines currently used often have high plant costs and, especially in the hot forming process, high energy consumption, among other things because the hot forming process requires heating of the metal sheets for forming. Further limitations are given by limited degrees of deformation in metal forming due to long forming times.
- a device for forming workpieces, having a magnetic forming device which comprises a forming tool and a magnetic tool, the magnetic forming device being designed to form a workpiece in a magnetic forming process.
- a method for forming a workpiece comprising the steps of providing a device for forming workpieces, providing a workpiece, forming the workpiece by means of a magnetic forming device in a forming process.
- a device described here for forming workpieces has a first magnetic forming device and a second magnetic forming device.
- the device can be designed in particular for forming sheet metal, for example body sheet metal parts.
- the first magnetic forming device preferably has at least one first forming tool and at least one first magnetic tool.
- the second magnetic forming device preferably has at least one second forming tool and at least one second magnetic tool.
- the forming tools can each be dies, for example act.
- the magnetic tools can each comprise one or more coils.
- the first magnetic forming device is preferably configured to form a workpiece, such as a metal sheet, in a first magnetic forming process.
- the second magnetic forming device is preferably designed to further form the workpiece in a second magnetic forming process following the first magnetic forming process.
- the device for forming workpieces can be designed as a forming line or magnetic forming line.
- the first magnetic forming process can also be referred to here and in the following as the first forming process.
- the second magnet forming process can also be referred to here and below as the second forming process.
- the device for forming has, in addition to the first and second magnetic forming device, one or more further forming devices, which in particular can likewise be embodied as magnetic forming devices.
- the productivity, effectiveness and energy efficiency of a forming line can be significantly increased compared to conventional forming devices.
- high degrees of forming can be achieved with high-strength steels, among other things.
- - due to the basic design of the process - components can be redesigned. This allows weight and cost reductions to be achieved, for example by redesigning several components into one.
- the device for forming workpieces has a changing device for changing the magnetic tools.
- the changing device can, for example, be designed in such a way that the first magnetic tool and the second magnetic tool can be changed after a first forming operation or magnetic forming process.
- the first magnetic tool used in a first forming process can be moved away by means of the changing device immediately after the first forming process.
- the second magnetic tool can then be brought into the correct position by the changing device, so that the second forming operation or the second magnetic forming process can be carried out using the second magnetic tool.
- the device for forming workpieces has a changing device for moving or changing the first forming tool and/or the second forming tool.
- the changing device can be designed, for example, for moving and/or rotating and/or pivoting the first forming tool and/or the second forming tool.
- the first forming tool can be moved away by means of the changing device immediately after a first forming process in which the first forming tool has been used.
- the second forming tool can then preferably be brought into the correct position by the changing device in order to carry out the second forming process or the second magnetic forming process using the second forming tool.
- the device is designed in such a way that the first forming tool and the second forming tool are each arranged on a tool table.
- the tool tables can also be referred to below as support tables.
- the forming tools can each be attached to a tool table.
- the tool tables can preferably be moved, in particular moved and/or pivoted and/or rotated, by means of the changing device for changing the forming tools.
- the device for forming workpieces has a handling device.
- the handling device is preferably designed to feed the workpiece to the second magnetic forming device after the end of the first magnetic forming process.
- the handling device can be designed in such a way that the workpiece can be removed from the first forming tool by means of the handling device after the first magnetic forming process and can be arranged on the second forming tool.
- the handling device can be designed as a robot or as a manipulator.
- the handling device preferably has one or more grippers, by means of which the workpiece can be gripped.
- the first magnetic tool differs from the second magnetic tool.
- the magnetic tools can differ from one another in particular with regard to their shape, size and/or power.
- a method for forming a workpiece is specified.
- the method can in particular be a method for forming a metal sheet, for example a body sheet metal part, act.
- a device for forming workpieces as described here is provided.
- the device can have one or more features of the aforementioned embodiments.
- at least one workpiece to be formed is provided.
- the workpiece is formed using the first magnetic forming device.
- the workpiece is formed in a first magnetic forming process using the first magnetic tool and the first forming tool.
- the workpiece is then further formed in a second forming process using the second magnetic forming device, ie using the second magnetic tool and the second forming tool.
- the second forming process preferably takes place immediately after the first forming process, i.e. no further forming processes take place between the first forming process and the second forming process.
- the first magnetic tool and the second magnetic tool are changed between the first forming process and the second forming process.
- the first magnetic tool can be moved away, e.g. by a changing device, after the end of the first forming process.
- the second magnetic tool can then, for example also by the changing device, be brought into the position that the second forming process can be carried out by means of the second magnetic tool.
- the second magnet tool can be moved to the same position in which the first magnet tool was arranged during the first forming process.
- the first forming tool and/or the second forming tool are moved between the first forming process and the second forming process.
- the Forming tools are moved and/or pivoted and/or rotated between the two forming processes.
- a changing device can be used.
- the forming tools can, for example, each be arranged on a tool table, with the tool tables being able to be moved or pivoted by the changing device.
- the second forming tool can advantageously be brought into the correct position in order to carry out the second magnetic forming process.
- the second forming tool or the associated tool table can be brought into the position after the first magnetic forming process by means of the changing device in which the first forming tool or the associated tool table was arranged during the first magnetic forming process.
- the workpiece is moved to the second forming tool by a handling device, for example a manipulator.
- the workpiece can, for example, be removed from the first forming tool by one or more grippers after the first forming process and, for example after moving or pivoting the forming tools, can be arranged on the second forming tool.
- the second forming process of the workpiece can then be carried out using the second magnetic tool and the second forming tool.
- the workpiece only has to be raised by the handling device to change the forming tool after the first forming process and then lowered again, i.e. after the forming tool has been changed.
- the device described here for forming workpieces and the method described here advantageously allow high degrees of forming and undercuts to be achieved in a simple manner achieve. Furthermore, the device described here can be implemented inexpensively compared to conventional press lines. The method is also characterized by short forming times, for example less than 0.1 seconds, and low energy consumption, in particular since the workpieces do not need to be heated.
- the figures 1 and 2 each show a schematic representation of a device 100 for forming workpieces 3 according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the device 100 has a first magnetic forming device 1 with a first forming tool 10 and a first magnetic tool 11 .
- the device 100 has a second magnet forming device 2 with a second forming tool 20 and a second magnetic tool 21 on.
- the forming tools 10, 20 are each designed as matrices, each of which has a specific shaping surface.
- the magnetic tools 11, 21 each include at least one coil for generating pulsed magnetic fields.
- the device 100 has a first tool table 12 to which the first forming tool 10 is attached, and a second tool table 22 to which the second forming tool 20 is attached, as well as a changing device 5 for changing the tool tables 12, 22.
- the device 100 includes a changing device 4 for changing the magnetic tools 11, 12.
- FIG. 1 The end of a first forming process is shown schematically, in which a workpiece 3, for example a sheet steel, is formed by a pulsed magnetic field 6 generated by means of the first magnetic tool 11. During forming, the workpiece 3 is pressed against the forming surface of the first forming tool.
- a workpiece for example a sheet steel
- the first magnetic tool 11 and the second magnetic tool 21 are changed using the changing device 4 .
- the second magnetic tool 21 assumes approximately the position that the first magnetic tool 11 held during the first forming process.
- the first and second tool tables 12, 22 are changed by means of the changing device 5 after the first forming process, with the workpiece 3 being briefly raised to change the tool tables 12, 22 by means of a manipulator (not shown) and then lowered after the change in such a way that the Workpiece is arranged on the second magnetic tool 21 .
- the workpiece 3 in a second forming process which is shown schematically in FIG figure 2 is shown by a pulsed magnetic field 6 generated by the second magnetic tool 21 is further reshaped.
- the device 100 shown here can be used to achieve almost any degree of deformation of solid and high-strength steels. Furthermore, undercuts can be easily carried out with the help of magnetic forming using the interchangeable magnetic and forming tools.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Claims (9)
- Dispositif (100) pour le formage de pièces, notamment pour le formage de parties de tôle de carrosserie, présentant- un premier appareil de formage magnétique (1), qui comprend au moins un premier outil de formage (10) et au moins un premier outil magnétique (11), et- un deuxième appareil de formage magnétique (2), qui comprend au moins un deuxième outil de formage (20) et au moins un deuxième outil magnétique (21),- le premier appareil de formage magnétique (1) étant configuré pour le formage d'une pièce (3) dans un premier processus de formage magnétique,- le deuxième appareil de formage magnétique (2) étant configuré pour le formage supplémentaire de la pièce (3) dans un deuxième processus de formage magnétique après le premier processus de formage magnétique,- le dispositif (100) présentant un appareil d'échange (4) pour échanger les outils magnétiques (11, 21), et- le dispositif (100) présentant un appareil d'échange (5) pour déplacer et/ou faire tourner et/ou faire pivoter le premier et/ou le deuxième outil de formage (10, 20).
- Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le dispositif est configuré sous forme de ligne de formage.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, présentant un appareil de manipulation, qui est configuré pour acheminer la pièce (3) vers le deuxième appareil de formage magnétique (2) après la fin du premier processus de formage magnétique.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les outils magnétiques (11, 21) comprennent chacun au moins une bobine, et dans lequel les outils de formage (10, 20) sont configurés sous forme de matrices.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le premier outil magnétique (11) et le deuxième outil magnétique (21) se différencient l'un de l'autre au regard de leur taille, de leur forme et/ou de leur puissance.
- Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les outils de formage (10, 20) sont agencés sur des tables d'outils (12, 22) qui peuvent être déplacées au moyen d'un appareil d'échange (5).
- Procédé pour le formage d'une pièce (7), notamment pour le formage d'une partie de tôle de carrosserie, comprenant les étapes suivantes :- la fourniture d'un dispositif (100) pour le formage de pièces selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,- la fourniture d'au moins une pièce (7),- le formage de la pièce (7) au moyen du premier appareil de formage magnétique (1) dans une première opération de formage,- le formage supplémentaire de la pièce (7) au moyen du deuxième appareil de formage magnétique (2) dans une deuxième opération de formage,- le premier outil magnétique (11) et le deuxième outil magnétique (21) étant échangés entre la première opération de formage et la deuxième opération de formage, et- le premier et/ou le deuxième outil de formage (10, 20) étant déplacés et/ou pivotés et/ou tournés entre la première opération de formage et la deuxième opération de formage.
- Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel la deuxième opération de formage est effectuée immédiatement après la première opération de formage.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 et 8, dans lequel la pièce (7) est déplacée vers le deuxième outil de formage (20) au moyen d'un appareil de manipulation après la fin de la première opération de formage.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016206943.8A DE102016206943A1 (de) | 2016-04-25 | 2016-04-25 | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Umformen von Werkstücken mittels Magnetpulsumformung |
| PCT/EP2017/057040 WO2017186422A1 (fr) | 2016-04-25 | 2017-03-24 | Dispositif et procédé de mise en forme de pièces par formage par impulsions magnétiques |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3448593A1 EP3448593A1 (fr) | 2019-03-06 |
| EP3448593B1 true EP3448593B1 (fr) | 2022-05-04 |
Family
ID=58410346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17713289.1A Active EP3448593B1 (fr) | 2016-04-25 | 2017-03-24 | Dispositif et procédé de mise en forme de pièces par formage par impulsions magnétiques |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11065663B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3448593B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN108495725B (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102016206943A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017186422A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111570510B (zh) * | 2020-05-09 | 2021-10-29 | 内蒙古工业大学 | 一种基于磁脉冲冲击改性的板材轧制装置及方法 |
| CN119281918B (zh) * | 2024-12-13 | 2025-03-07 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种原位自阻加热-磁脉冲弯曲成形工艺及装置 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4310720B2 (ja) * | 2000-03-09 | 2009-08-12 | 株式会社Ihi | 連続プレス設備 |
| JP2004130349A (ja) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-30 | Kobe Steel Ltd | アルミニウム合金アウタパネルの成形方法 |
| US20080072644A1 (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Hirotec America, Inc. | Integrated, automated, variable sheet metal forming and assembly system |
| FR2913899A1 (fr) * | 2007-03-20 | 2008-09-26 | Fundacion Labein | Procede de formage de toles metalliques comportant une etape de magnetoformage et outil de formage notamment pour sa mise en oeuvre |
| WO2009048865A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-08 | 2009-04-16 | American Trim, L.L.C. | Procédé de formage de métal |
| JP5026390B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-22 | 2012-09-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 電磁成形方法 |
| CN101590501B (zh) * | 2009-07-03 | 2011-05-11 | 武汉理工大学 | 镁合金板材温热电磁成形方法 |
| CN102486509A (zh) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | 首都航天机械公司 | 磁脉冲成形感应器寿命试验方法 |
| CN103341546B (zh) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-02-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种轻合金壳体成形件磁脉冲成形装置及方法 |
| DE102013019634A1 (de) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-28 | Audi Ag | Herstellung eines Blechformteils mit lokalem elektromagnetischen Umformen des Blechmaterials zur Erzeugung einer Blechformteilkante |
| KR101577333B1 (ko) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-12-14 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | 전기소성효과를 이용한 초고속 성형 방법 |
| CN105344972B (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2017-12-29 | 华中科技大学 | 一种非晶合金零件的快速成形方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-04-25 DE DE102016206943.8A patent/DE102016206943A1/de active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-03-24 WO PCT/EP2017/057040 patent/WO2017186422A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-03-24 CN CN201780008303.XA patent/CN108495725B/zh active Active
- 2017-03-24 EP EP17713289.1A patent/EP3448593B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-10-24 US US16/169,821 patent/US11065663B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108495725B (zh) | 2020-12-29 |
| US20190060971A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
| WO2017186422A1 (fr) | 2017-11-02 |
| EP3448593A1 (fr) | 2019-03-06 |
| DE102016206943A1 (de) | 2017-10-26 |
| CN108495725A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
| US11065663B2 (en) | 2021-07-20 |
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