EP3596455A1 - Dispositif et procédé de contrôle par ultrasons - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de contrôle par ultrasons

Info

Publication number
EP3596455A1
EP3596455A1 EP18724479.3A EP18724479A EP3596455A1 EP 3596455 A1 EP3596455 A1 EP 3596455A1 EP 18724479 A EP18724479 A EP 18724479A EP 3596455 A1 EP3596455 A1 EP 3596455A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse
pulses
test
time
determined
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18724479.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johannes Vrana
Matthias Goldammer
Hubert Mooshofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3596455A1 publication Critical patent/EP3596455A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/24—Probes
    • G01N29/2487—Directing probes, e.g. angle probes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/32—Arrangements for suppressing undesired influences, e.g. temperature or pressure variations, compensating for signal noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/34—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/341—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics
    • G01N29/343—Generating the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor with time characteristics pulse waves, e.g. particular sequence of pulses, bursts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/26—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning
    • G10K11/34—Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering
    • G10K11/341—Circuits therefor
    • G10K11/346—Circuits therefor using phase variation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0421—Longitudinal waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/101—Number of transducers one transducer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays

Definitions

  • Apparatus and method for ultrasonic testing In the ultrasonic examination is placed a test head on one side of the component, in particular in the pre ⁇ the side, and a short pulse insonified. This pulse is reflected by discontinuities or errors and by the back wall representing the back. Reflected pulses travel back to the probe after reflection, which is used as a receiver after sending the short pulse, and can therefore be made visible. However, the reflected signals are reflected back into the component just as they impinge on the component surface and thus pass through the component a second, third and so on. For each ping-pong, the probe records a signal again. This Sig ⁇ nal is always more weakened depending on the material until it goes down in the noise after a few ping pong cycles.
  • test heads are sometimes used in parallel or one test head several times, for example with different reinforcements for different depths. che and the same, used. If multiple probes are ver ⁇ turns, one speaks of a plurality of real channels, using the test instrument applies a test head at the multiple ver ⁇ is of multiple virtual channels. However, any real or virtual channel can create bogus displays in any other channel.
  • Phased Array (PA) probes have multiple resonators arranged in an array that may be one-dimensional or even two-dimensional. By delayed pulses and receiving the individual elements can be the
  • each of these delay settings is referred to as the "Focal Law.”
  • the phased array test does not trigger a single angle, but the sound beam is panned but a pan that the delay for a particular angle is set, the probe gefeu ⁇ ert, waiting for the answer and then the delay for the next angle is adjusted, etc. thus, the probe must pulses N times, by an angle swivel with N different
  • each pulse of the probe may also cause a dummy indication in another pulse.
  • Array probes can also be used in automated testing In this respect, the pulse repetition rate can also be influenced by the aspects mentioned above.
  • Full-matrix capture FMC
  • TMF Total Focussing Method
  • SAFT Synthetic Aperature Focussing Technique
  • the setting of a suitable waiting time from one pulse to the next ie the setting of the pulse repetition frequency, must be made before the test. This is currently done manually by the examiner. This is quite simple for a one-channel test. The examiner may, and starting from a very large value, the waiting time as much ver ⁇ cut that barely any bill on the A-image will appear.
  • a method for ultrasound ⁇ testing by means of a selection of probes proposed by means of a computer means at least required respective waiting times between two consecutive pulses for all possible shot sequences (Sl) and subsequently an optimized shot order (S2) one of the shortest possible test cycle of the probes is determined.
  • an apparatus for ultrasonic testing by means of one of the preceding methods with a computer device for calculating at least necessary waiting times for all possible firing sequences and subsequently optimized firing sequences for a combination of at least one probe, at least one phased array probe and / or at least an FMC PA test head.
  • the wait times after the pulses Pi and the minimum cycle duration can be derived from the matrix of N ⁇ N time signals and the amplitude specification for possible permutations of the pulses.
  • the optimized or optimal pulse sequence can be selected.
  • an automatic determination of the length of the recording period is carried out, wherein a decaying exponential function is determined, which represents an envelope of the time signal and it is checked whether the envelope falls below a certain value at the end of the recording ⁇ period.
  • the waiting times determined can programming directly to the product by the pulses Pi a tester or a test system USAGE ⁇ be det.
  • discrete optimization techniques can be used instead of the complete calculation for all channel permutations.
  • a Monte Carlo approach can be combined with the completely permutative approach.
  • the time signals for each of the N x N combinations of pulse are identical to each of the N x N combinations of pulse and
  • Reception parameters are measured at several positions and then the maximum of the time signals is determined over all positions.
  • an automatic re-evaluation of the shortest pulse sequence can take place in parallel with a test at regular intervals.
  • a plurality of reception settings can be approximately represented by means of a single reception setting for an FMC test.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a representation of a pulse with subsequent repeat echoes
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a combination of probes to be optimized
  • Figure 3 is a representation of the procedure for determining the optimum combination of probes
  • FIG. 4 shows a representation of receiver settings EEi
  • FIG. 5 shows a first view of a second execution ⁇ example of a pulse with its Wiederholechos
  • FIG. 6 shows a second illustration of the second exemplary embodiment of a pulse with its repeat echoes
  • FIG. 7 shows a third representation of the second game subjectssbei ⁇ a pulse with its Bachholechos
  • Figure 8 is a fourth illustration of the second gameheldsbei ⁇ a pulse with its Bachholechos
  • Figure 9 shows an embodiment of an inventive
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a depicting lung ⁇ a pulse with subsequent Bachholechos.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a combination of probes to be optimized.
  • two classic probes In a particularly automated test, two classic probes, one PA probe and one FMC PA probe are used.
  • the two classical probes 1 and 2 are connected to the real channel 1 and 2, the PA
  • Test head 1 is pulsed with two different settings, namely by means of a virtual channel 1 and a virtual ⁇ len channel 2.
  • Eckköpf 2 is pulsed with three different settings, by means of the virtual channels 1,2 and 3, the PA probe with three different focal laws or delay settings, for example, using three different angles and the FMC PA probe has four Elements, where each element is individually pulsed and then received with all four elements. Thus, in this example, one cycle is fired twelve pulses. For this situation, it is important to automatically optimize the waiting times and the order. For this, the interaction of the N pulses on the N receive settings must be determined.
  • FIG. 3 shows a representation of the procedure for determining the optimum combination of probes.
  • multiple pulses must be pulsed for a complete evaluation of the pulse in order to test all virtual channels in succession. In our example, must be at least 3x pulsed ⁇ to, namely black, red and blue in Figure 2 at pulse first
  • the evaluation of some recipient settings may be omitted, for example if two recipient settings match. However, this requires prior knowledge of the receiver settings.
  • Each receiver setting EEi is a certain gain, which may in particular be time-dependent, and associated with one or more time slots in which data is recorded. These time windows each have a start corresponding to the time after the transmitting pulse, a length in which a pulse-like miscalculation or error can be found.
  • signals are aussa ⁇ gelatin only above a certain signal level, as the signals otherwise be lost in the noise. Therefore, a signal level must always be defined, from which signals must be evaluated.
  • the signal level together ⁇ men with the time windows or time windows resulting in one or more temporally constant or variable "aperture" per recipient setting. Within that "aperture" may no other pulse start.
  • FIG. 4 shows two such "apertures.”
  • the sloping "aperture" is used for receiver setting EEI, the rising aperture for receiver setting EE2.
  • the aperture indicates the just allowable height of the disturbing repeat echoes and underlying echoes can be accepted.
  • Figure 5 shows the time course of a pulse Pi, the example ⁇ has been recorded with the receiver setting EE2.
  • the time window marked in FIG. 6 by means of the straight line to ti represents the aperture of the receiver setting EEI and not that of the receiver setting EE2. Within this time window from to to ti no further pulse may be allowed. will be started. Another pulse can be started after the time window, after ti.
  • each of the N receiver settings can be assigned an "aperture” or a time range to k to ti k . Therefore, it is now necessary to evaluate in which areas a respective receiver setting is suitable at the earliest. In this case, the range should be long enough for the receiver adjustment time slot to fit in and for admissible, in particular, time-dependent signal levels.The sooner the next pulse can be started, the shorter the entire pulse sequence will be.
  • FIG. 7 shows as an example that a receiver setting EE2 or "aperture" EE2 does not fit in a first gap, but in a subsequent second one
  • the subsequent channel is timed to obtain the shortest possible sequence.
  • This procedure can be performed for each possible sequence of individual pulses Pi, where no new measurement is needed, but the recorded echo sequences are considered le ⁇ diglich. This allows a complete calculation of the total time of all permutations. Since the first one is measured again directly on the last channel, this pairing must also be considered. Upon completion of the calculation will result in a
  • Pulse 5 and 7, 7 and 6 and / or 6 and 10 additional waiting times are added to match the gaps. Then it should be checked if this was sufficient.
  • the waiting times after the pulses and the minimum cycle duration are derived for possible permutations of the pulses.
  • the optimized or optimal pulse sequence is selected.
  • Automatic determination of the length of the recording period which can result in a repetition with a longer recording period. This can be done, for example, by determining a decaying exponential function that represents an envelope of the time signal and is tested. It can be checked, for example, whether the envelope at the end of the recording period underschrei ⁇ tet a certain value, for example, whether the smallest amplitude setting for phantom echo is not too large.
  • the determined waiting times after the pulses Pi are used directly for programming a tester or a test system.
  • known discrete optimization techniques can be used instead of the full calculation for all channel permutations.
  • a subset of the channels is selected at random and these are completely permuted and optimized on their own. Thereafter, the same procedure is used with the remaining channels, in order to then line up all the channels. This significantly reduces the computation time so that a number of sub-options can be used. Instead of a subdivision into two subsets, a smaller division into three or more subsets is also possible. The total test duration is no longer optimal in this approach, but can be approximated to an optimal test duration.
  • Test specimens with location-dependent fluctuating material properties at regular intervals an automatic re-evaluation of the shortest pulse sequence.
  • To determine instead of all the timing signals for each of the N x N combinations of the pulse and reception parameters, only a part of the signals can also be determined by measuring ⁇ to, the other part can be replaced by prior knowledge or by wei ⁇ more excellent suitable assumptions.
  • the multiple receive settings can be approximately represented by means of a single receive ⁇ setting.
  • a possible procedure for finding a disturbing predecessor pulse or predecessor pulse may be the following:
  • the chain can be shortened stepwise or extended. This leads to a longer direct result. It is well known that the signal of late repeat echoes is getting weaker and weaker. One that is tried first, the chain 7-6-10, then the chain 5-7-6-10, the chain 11-5-7-6-10 and determines which of the pulses causes the prob lem ⁇ . Another possible procedure for checking whether the adaptation of the pulse sequence was sufficient can be a testing of the sub-chains and then of the complete inspection chain. A test of the sub-chains can be carried out such that the sub-chain length is gradually increased, as otherwise ⁇ if the pulse has to be moved further.
  • the inventive step is seen in the following:
  • the pulse repetition rate and order of the channels is determined by machine. In the case of an exhaustive search is an optimal short test time guaranteed, while in manual setting a huge effort and a lot of experience are necessary to arrive at ⁇ ba ⁇ ren results.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the test duration can be effectively minimized.
  • the testing costs can be effectively reduced.
  • Optimal use can be made of the test equipment and the test personnel. It can be avoided erroneous checks that need to be corrected because of phantom echoes.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de contrôle par ultrasons par l'intermédiaire d'un certain nombre de palpeurs, un dispositif calculateur permettant de déterminer au moins des temps d'attente respectifs nécessaires entre deux impulsions successives pour toutes les séquences d'émission (S1) possibles puis pour une séquence d'émission (S2) optimisée d'un cycle de contrôle des palpeurs le plus court possible.
EP18724479.3A 2017-04-28 2018-04-25 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle par ultrasons Withdrawn EP3596455A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017207269.5A DE102017207269A1 (de) 2017-04-28 2017-04-28 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Ultraschallprüfung
PCT/EP2018/060531 WO2018197529A1 (fr) 2017-04-28 2018-04-25 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle par ultrasons

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3596455A1 true EP3596455A1 (fr) 2020-01-22

Family

ID=62165528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18724479.3A Withdrawn EP3596455A1 (fr) 2017-04-28 2018-04-25 Dispositif et procédé de contrôle par ultrasons

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20210116421A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3596455A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110678748A (fr)
DE (1) DE102017207269A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018197529A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102192099B1 (ko) * 2019-10-25 2020-12-16 한국수력원자력 주식회사 위상배열 초음파검사용 집속법칙 선정방법
US11933765B2 (en) * 2021-02-05 2024-03-19 Evident Canada, Inc. Ultrasound inspection techniques for detecting a flaw in a test object

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2646541C2 (de) * 1976-10-15 1986-08-28 Krautkrämer GmbH, 5000 Köln Verfahren zur Auslösung von Sendeimpulsen bei der Dickenmessung von Prüfstücken mittels Ultraschallsignalen
JP3006232B2 (ja) * 1991-11-11 2000-02-07 三菱電機株式会社 超音波探傷試験装置
CN100424506C (zh) * 2001-10-17 2008-10-08 中国石油天然气管道科学研究院 相控阵超声波仪器及其检测方法
CN100387983C (zh) * 2004-11-26 2008-05-14 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 一种tky管节点焊缝超声相控阵检测系统
WO2009041313A1 (fr) * 2007-09-28 2009-04-02 Krautkramer Japan Co., Ltd Procédé de détection de défaut ultrasonore et son dispositif
DE102008027384A1 (de) * 2008-06-09 2009-12-10 Ge Inspection Technologies Gmbh Verbesserte zerstörungsfreie Ultraschalluntersuchung mit Kopplungskontrolle
DE102008042278A1 (de) * 2008-06-13 2009-12-24 Ge Inspection Technologies Gmbh Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Ultraschalluntersuchung sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US8700342B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2014-04-15 Olympus Ndt Inc. Multi-frequency bond testing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2018197529A1 (fr) 2018-11-01
US20210116421A1 (en) 2021-04-22
DE102017207269A1 (de) 2018-10-31
CN110678748A (zh) 2020-01-10

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