Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
  • H01M8/0223—Composites
  • H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
  • C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
  • C23C14/025—Metallic sublayers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
  • C23C14/0635—Carbides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
  • C23C14/0641—Nitrides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
  • C23C14/0694—Halides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
  • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
  • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
  • C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
  • C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
  • C23C14/165—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
  • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
  • C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
  • C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
  • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
  • C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
  • C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
  • C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
  • C25B9/66—Electric inter-cell connections including jumper switches
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
  • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
  • C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
  • C25B9/73—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type
  • C25B9/75—Assemblies comprising two or more cells of the filter-press type having bipolar electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
  • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
  • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
  • H01M8/0208—Alloys
  • H01M8/021—Alloys based on iron
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
  • H01M8/0254—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form corrugated or undulated
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/02—Details
  • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
  • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
  • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the production of components, in particular of components for energy systems such as fuel cells or electrolyzers.
• the invention further relates to components produced by the method.
• the invention further relates to a bipolar plate as well as a fuel cell or an electrolyzer with such a bipolar plate.
• Electrochemical systems such as, for example, fuel cells, in particular polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and conductive, current-collecting plates for such fuel cells and electrolyzers as well as current collectors in galvanic cells and electrolyzers are known.
• bipolar or monopolar plates in fuel cells, in particular in an oxygen half-cell.
• the bipolar or monopolar plates are in the form of carbon plates (eg graphoil plates) which contain carbon as an essential constituent. These plates are prone to brittleness and are comparatively thick so as to substantially reduce a power volume of the fuel cell.
• Another disadvantage is their lack of physical (eg thermomechanical) and / or chemical and / or electrical stability.
• Also known is the production of the current-collecting plates of the fuel cell made of metallic (especially austenitic) stainless steels. See, for example, DE 10 2010 026 330 A1. The advantage of these plates lies in the attainable smaller thickness of the plates.
• DE 10 2009 056 728 A1 discloses the production of a sheet metal component by forming a sheet metal blank. A disadvantage is described that a coating brought before the forming step can be damaged by a subsequent forming.
• DE 10 2010 056 016 A1 discloses a device for producing a bipolar plate, wherein a roll-to-roll method is used in the processing of metal substrate strips.
• a roll-to-roll method is used in the processing of metal substrate strips.
• two metal substrate bands are processed in parallel to form an anode plate and a cathode plate, which are then joined by laser welding to form a bipolar plate.
• Method is the implementation of forming processes, separation processes, straightening processes, coating processes, cleaning processes, Umklappreaen, heating processes, cooling processes and / or other processes mentioned, which are performed in parallel time for each metal substrate tape.
• DE 100 58 337 A1 discloses a sheet product for use as a bipolar plate, which has a coating of a metal oxide on at least one side.
• the plate has an embossment, which is produced by forming, wherein the coating can be applied to the sheet before or after the forming process.
• the object is achieved by a method for producing components, in particular components for energy systems such as fuel cells or electrolyzers, with the following steps:
• the metal sheet is coated according to the invention in a roll-to-roll process. Only then is a transformation of the coated metal sheet and a separation into components, which are formed from the coated metal sheet. The process simplifies the handling of the metal sheet during the coating and allows a fast and automated handling of the coated metal sheet. The remaining after the separation of the components webs of the coated metal strip are wound into a second roll.
• the coating on the metal sheet is surprisingly not or only slightly affected by the subsequent forming and separation processes, so that the electrical properties are suitable for use of the components in energy systems.
• this second end of the sheet metal is preferably joined to the first end of a new first roll of sheet metal, for example, by welding.
• the manufacturing process can be automated and continuously "inline" operated from roll to roll.
• a metal sheet which has a material thickness in the range of 100 to 200 pm.
• the metal sheet is steel or stainless steel, in particular austenitic
• Stainless steel Alternatively, a metal sheet of titanium or a titanium alloy can be used.
• the at least one forming process comprises in particular deep-drawing and / or an extrusion and / or a hydroforming. But other forming processes, as defined in DIN 8582, as well as a severing of the metal sheet can be done on the already coated metal sheet.
• the formation of gas distributor structures, which are usually provided for bipolar plates, preferably takes place by forming and / or shear cutting.
• the separation of a component from the coated and formed metal sheet takes place in particular by shear cutting, preferably by punching.
• the at least one coating system in particular a layer system comprising a cover layer facing away from the metal sheet is applied to the metal sheet, wherein the cover layer is formed from a homogeneous or heterogeneous solid metallic solution which is either a first chemical element from the group of noble metals in the form of iridium in a concentration of at least 99 at.% or
• This cover layer is excellently suitable for the method according to the invention and has a sufficient ductility, so that it is not affected or only insignificantly impaired by forming processes carried out after application to the metal sheet. Even after the forming and separation processes, such a cover layer is still sufficiently electrically conductive and electrocatalytically active and has a protective effect on corrosion.
• a homogeneous metallic solution (type 1) is understood to mean that said non-metallic chemical elements in the metal lattice are dissolved such that the lattice type of the host metal or the host metal alloy substantially does not change.
• a heterogeneous metallic solution is understood to mean that in addition to the metal-containing phase, one of the non-metallic chemical elements in a mixed phase is elemental.
• elemental carbon may be present next to the alpha phase (type 1).
• the layer according to the invention may be metastable or stable in the thermodynamic sense. It has been shown that with a carbon-containing cover layer, thus by the use of the metalloid or non-metallic chemical element carbon, the conductivity of the cover layer is higher than that of gold and at the same time its oxidation stability in an acidic solution significantly above a tension of 2000 mV of a standard hydrogen electrode.
• Measured specific electrical resistances are comparable to gold (under standardized conditions, ie at a contact pressure of 140 N / cm 2 ), depending on the embodiment.
• the lower-valent iridium becomes stabilized so far that an otherwise usual oxidation at about 1800 mV in 1 mol / l (1N concentrated) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) no longer takes place.
• the stabilization is based on the gain of free partial mixing energy of the solid solutions or compounds ,
• the cover layer is preferably applied in a layer thickness of at least 1 nm to a maximum of 10 nm. Despite this very small layer thickness, reshaping of the coated metal sheet is surprisingly possible.
• the at least one non-metallic chemical element that is to say carbon and / or nitrogen and / or fluorine, is preferably present in a concentration in the range from 0.1 at.% To 1 at.% In the top layer.
• the non-metallic chemical element carbon in the concentration range of 0, 10 to 1 At .-% is contained in the cover layer.
• the non-metallic surface Mixing element nitrogen in the concentration range of 0.10 to 1 At .-% contained in the topcoat.
• the non-metallic chemical element contains fluorine in the concentration range up to a maximum of 0.5 at.% In the cover layer.
• a cover layer has proved to be suitable
• the cover layer may contain at least one chemical element from the group of base metals.
• the at least one chemical element from the group of base metals is preferably formed by aluminum, iron, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cerium or tin and / or contained in the coating in the concentration range of 0.005 to 0.01 at .-%.
• this has at least one chemical element from the group of refractory metals, in particular titanium and / or zirconium and / or hafnium and / or niobium and / or tantalum. It has been shown that addition of the refractory metals additionally controls partial evolution of H2O2 and ozone during the electrolysis.
• the cover layer comprising at least one refractory metal, in particular in a temperature range from 0 to about 200 ° C has a high conductivity and high corrosion resistance.
• a further advantage results from the coating of electrical conductors, in particular metallic bipolar plates, irrespective of whether the electrical conductor, e.g. a bipolar plate is formed for low-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells or for high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
• the at least one chemical element from the group of refractory metals is preferably present in the concentration range from 0.005 to 0.01 at.% In the cover layer. If the at least one chemical element from the group of base metals in the form of tin is present, then this and the at least one chemical element from the group of refractory metals together are in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.2 at.% In the cover layer contain. It has proven useful if the covering layer furthermore has at least one additional chemical element from the group of noble metals in a concentration range of 0.005 to 0.9 at.%.
• the chemical element from the group of precious metals is in particular platinum, gold, silver, rhodium, palladium. It has been proven that all chemical elements from the group of precious metals, i. together with iridium and ruthenium, in the concentration range of greater than 99 at.% in the cover layer.
• the corrosion protection on the metal sheet is further improved by applying the cover layer to a sub-layer system formed between the metal sheet and the cover layer.
• This is particularly advantageous if corrosive ambient media are present, especially if the corrosion media are chloride-containing.
• the layer system is therefore preferably further comprising a base layer system, wherein the base layer system has at least one underlayer comprising at least one chemical element from the group titanium, niobium, hafnium, zirconium, tantalum.
• the layer system thus comprises a cover layer and a base layer system, wherein the cover layer is arranged facing away from the metal sheet.
• the underlayer system comprises a first underlayer in the form of a metallic alloy layer comprising the chemical elements titanium and niobium, in particular 20-50 wt.% Niobium and the remainder titanium.
• the underlayer system further comprises a second underlayer comprising at least one chemical element from the group consisting of titanium, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum and furthermore at least one non-metallic element from the group of nitrogen, carbon, boron, fluorine.
• the second backing layer is preferably disposed between the first backing layer and the cover layer.
• the second underlayer may further contain up to 5 at.% Oxygen.
• a bipolar plate according to the invention comprises at least one component which is produced by the method according to the invention.
• a bipolar plate comprises at least two components which are connected to one another.
• the components can be joined together by joining, in particular welding, soldering, clinching or gluing, but also by rivets or screws.
• a fuel cell according to the invention in particular polymer electrolyte fuel cell, comprises at least one such bipolar plate according to the invention.
• An electrolyzer according to the invention likewise comprises at least one such bipolar plate according to the invention.
• Such a fuel cell in particular a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, has proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of electrical values and corrosion resistance at low production costs.
• oxidation stabilities at 2000 mV, measured as a change in the surface resistance in mQ cm -2 , of less than 20 m ⁇ cm -2 can be achieved.
• Such a fuel cell therefore has a long service life of more than 10 years or more than 5000 motor vehicle operating hours or more than 60,000 operating hours in stationary applications.
• an electrolyzer which operates with the reverse effect principle with regard to a fuel cell and with the help of electric current brings about a chemical reaction, ie a material conversion, comparably long lifetimes are achievable.
• the electrolyzer is one suitable for hydrogen electrolysis.
• a thickness of the top layer of less than 10 nm is sufficient to protect against resistance-increasing oxidation of the second underlayer.
• first underlayer a metal or alloy layer
• second underlayer metalloid layer
• the double layer under the covering layer formed with the aid of the two-layer structure ensures an electrochemical adaptation to the metal sheet and, on the other hand, pore formation due to oxidation and hydrolysis processes is ruled out.
• the metallic first underlayer is preferably titanium or niobium or zirconium or tantalum or hafnium or formed from alloys of these metals, which are less noble than the support material, for example in the form of steel, in particular stainless steel, and react first in corrosion processes to insoluble oxides or voluminous partly gel-like hydroxo compounds fertilizing these refractory metals. As a result, the pores grow and protect the base material or metal sheet from corrosion. The process represents a self-healing of the layer system.
• a second underlayer in the form of a nitridic layer serves as a hydrogen barrier and thus protects the metal sheet, in particular made of stainless steel, the bipolar plate and the metallic first backing layer from hydrogen embrittlement.
• FIG. 1 schematically shows a method sequence for the proposed method
• Figure 2 is a formed by the proposed method component
• FIG. 3 shows a section through the component according to FIG. 2 in the region of FIG
• Figure 1 shows schematically a procedure for the proposed method for producing components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, in which a first roll 20 made of sheet metal 2 and the metal sheet 2 in a roll-to-roll process of a first reel 30 unwound and transported in the direction of a second reel 30 ' .
• a material thickness of the metal sheet 2 is less than 500 pm.
• the first end of the first roller 20 and subsequent metal sheet areas are transported by at least one first coating installation 200a, in which the underlay layer system 4 (see FIG. 3) is formed.
• the metal sheet 2 is coated on at least one side by means of a physical and / or chemical vapor deposition method, wherein a full-surface or only partial coating of the metal sheet 2 can take place.
• the coated metal sheet 2 ' is now transported in at least one forming unit 300. There forming processes are performed on the coated metal sheet 2 ' , in particular for the formation of gas distribution structures 5.
• the coated metal sheet 2 ' is three-dimensionally deformed, optionally provided in a further forming and / or shear cutting unit 400 with slots or recesses.
• the coated and formed metal sheet 2 " is fed to a plurality of components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c of a punching unit 500.
• the components 1 a, 1 b, 1 c are separated from the coated, deformed metal sheet 2 " .
• the components 1 a, 1 b, le are transported away via a transport unit 600.
• the coated residual metal sheet 2 "' is wound up with the aid of the second reel 30 ' to form a second roll 20 ' , wherein a continuous transport of the metal sheet 2 from the first roll 20 to the second roll 20 ' takes place efficient and cost-saving in a so-called inline process. It may be necessary to cool the coated metal sheet after passing through the at least one coating unit. Therefore, at least one cooling chamber can be interposed between the at least one coating installation and the at least one forming unit. Furthermore, the at least one coating installation can be preceded by at least one vacuum chamber which, in addition to an optional preheating or heating of the metal strip, serves above all to set the required atmospheric pressure on the metal strip prior to entry into the at least one coating installation. Thus, to carry out a physical and / or chemical vapor deposition process is usually carried out under vacuum.
• FIG. 2 shows components 1 a, 1 b formed with gas distributor structures 5 according to the method illustrated in FIG. 1, the components 1 a, 1 b being joined together by laser welding to form a bipolar plate 10.
• Each component 1 a, 1 b has a coating system 3 with a covering layer 3a.
• the same reference numerals as in Figure 1 denote the same elements.
• FIG. 3 shows a section through the component 1 a according to FIG. 2 in the region of the applied layer system 3.
• the layer system 3 is applied over the entire surface of the metal sheet 2 made of stainless steel on one side.
• the layer system 3 comprises the cover layer 3a and the underlay layer system 4 comprising a first underlayer 4a and a second underlayer 4b.
• the metal sheet 2 is in the form of a conductor, here for a bipolar plate 10 of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell for converting (reformed) hydrogen, from a stainless steel, in particular from a so-called authentic steel with a very high known requirement with regard to corrosion resistance, for example with the DIN ISO material number 1 .4404, manufactured.
• the layer system 3 is formed on the metal sheet 2, wherein the metal sheet 2 in a process passage first with a first underlayer 4a, for example in the form of a 0.5 pm thick titanium layer, then with a second underlayer 4b, for example in the form of a first ⁇ thick titanium nitride layer, and finally with the cover layer 3a, for example in the form of a 10 nm thick iridium-carbon layer is coated.
• the cover layer 3a corresponds to a layer that is open on one side, since only one cover layer surface of a further layer, in this case the second underlayer 4b, is formed in a contacting manner.
• a free surface of the cover layer 3a in a fuel cell is arranged and exposed directly to an electrolyte, in particular a polymer electrolyte.
• the metal sheet 2 for the bipolar plate 10 is first coated with a first underlayer 4a in the form of a metallic alloy layer in a thickness of 100 nm, wherein the metallic alloy layer has the composition Tio, 67 Nbo, 33.
• a cover layer 3a in the thickness of 10 nm in the composition iridium-carbon is applied.
• the advantage is an exceptionally high stability against oxidation of the bipolar plate 10 according to the invention. Even with a permanent load of +3000 mV compared to a normal hydrogen electrode, no increase in resistance is found in sulfuric acid solution which has a pH of 3. Externally remains the free surface of the cover layer 3a, thus the surface facing away from the metal sheet 2 surface of the cover layer 3a, even after 50h continuous load at +2000 mV compared to a normal hydrogen electrode, shiny silver. Even in a scanning electron microscope examination, no traces of corrosion extending through the thickness of the cover layer 3a to the metal sheet 2 or reaching the metal sheet 2 can be seen.
• the cover layer 3a of the second embodiment is produced both by the vacuum-based PVD sputtering technique and by means of a cathodic ARC
• Coating method also called vacuum arc evaporation, applicable.
• the covering layer 3a produced in the cathodic ARC process also has the advantageous properties of high corrosion resistance. resistance to corrosion with time-stable surface conductivity, the cover layer 3a produced by means of the sputtering technique.
• the layer system 3 is formed on a metal sheet 2 in the form of a structured stainless steel perforated plate.
• the metal sheet 2 has been electrolytically polished prior to application of a layer system 3 in an H2SO4 / H3PO4 bath.
• a cover layer 3a in the form of a layer of iridium-carbon several 100 nm thick is applied.
• the advantage of the base layer formed from the tantalum carbide is not only in its extraordinary corrosion resistance but also in that it does not absorb hydrogen and thus serves as a hydrogen barrier to the metal sheet 2. This is particularly advantageous if titanium is used as a metal sheet.
• the layer system 3 of the third embodiment is suitable for use of an electrolytic cell for generating hydrogen at current densities i greater than 500 mA cm -2 .
• the advantage of the metalloid layer or the second underlayer which in the simplest case is formed, for example, of titanium nitride, lying in the layer system and / or closed on both sides, is its low electrical resistance of 10 12 m ⁇ cm -2 .
• the cover layer can also be formed without a second underlayer or metalloid layer.
• Table 1 shows by way of example some layer systems with their characteristic values.
• Table 1 Layers and selected characteristic values Table 1 shows only a few exemplary layer systems.
• the layer systems at an anodic load of +2000 mV compared to normal hydrogen column in sulfuric acid solution at a temperature with a value of 80 ° C for several weeks no increase in resistance.
• the coating systems applied in a high vacuum by means of a sputtering or ARC process or in a fine vacuum by means of the PECVD process (plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process) were partially darkened after this exposure time. However, there were no visible signs of corrosion or significant changes in surface resistivity.

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• 2017
  • 2017-08-11 DE DE102017118320.5A patent/DE102017118320A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2018
  • 2018-07-27 EP EP18753051.4A patent/EP3665734A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2018-07-27 WO PCT/DE2018/100669 patent/WO2019029769A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2018-07-27 CN CN201880051574.8A patent/CN111033840A/zh active Pending
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  • 2018-07-27 JP JP2019569243A patent/JP2020524365A/ja active Pending
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