EP3696285B1 - Croisement ferroviaire en acier amélioré - Google Patents

Croisement ferroviaire en acier amélioré Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3696285B1
EP3696285B1 EP20156496.0A EP20156496A EP3696285B1 EP 3696285 B1 EP3696285 B1 EP 3696285B1 EP 20156496 A EP20156496 A EP 20156496A EP 3696285 B1 EP3696285 B1 EP 3696285B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hardness
bottom support
uts
support surface
explosive device
Prior art date
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EP20156496.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3696285A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael WESTOBY
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Progress Rail Services UK Ltd
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Progress Rail Services UK Ltd
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Publication of EP3696285A1 publication Critical patent/EP3696285A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/10—Frogs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/10—Frogs
    • E01B7/12—Fixed frogs made of one part or composite
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B7/00—Switches; Crossings
    • E01B7/28—Crossings

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to steel railway crossings and the manufacturing thereof.
  • Hard steel railway crossings such as high manganese steel railway crossings are commonly used on railway lines with heavy usage due to their work hardening and high toughness properties.
  • the crossings are key components of turn outs and any other places where train wheels have to transfer from one track onto another track.
  • the crossing surface in contact with the train wheels may be pre-hardened using EDH hardening to increase its service life.
  • Current manganese crossing can suffer from failure mechanisms induced by poor support conditions, which leads to vertical movement of the crossing as it "sinks" under the weight of the train which can lead to fractures in the crossing. Repair or replacement of these crossings is generally expensive and disruptive to the rail schedule and hence this disclosure aims to overcome at least some of the known disadvantages.
  • EP 2487293 A1 teaches a railway crossing comprising an upper part moulded from austenitic manganese steel, and a base plate made from a steel with a relatively higher fatigue resistance than that of the upper part.
  • AT 505822 teaches to weld an intermediate piece in-between a cast manganese steel crossing and a standard rail, wherein the intermediate piece is subjected to EDH over its entire circumference.
  • CN 100999781 A , GB 2172234 A , EP 0838552 A1 , and BE 1020879 A4 all teach EDH for improving the wear resistance of rolling surfaces of a railway crossing.
  • the present invention provides a cast steel railway crossing having a body with a top running surface and a bottom support surface.
  • the body has a first hardness and a first UTS.
  • the top running surface has been exposed to a first EDH cycle to achieve a second hardness greater than the first hardness
  • the bottom support surface having been exposed to a second EDH cycle to achieve a second UTS greater than the first UTS, wherein the second hardness is greater than 240 BHN, and the second UTS is greater than 840 MPa.
  • the invention provides a method of manufacturing a railway crossing comprising the steps of: casting at least a section of a steel railway crossing.
  • the at least one section has a top running surface and a bottom support surface.
  • the method further comprises the steps of exposing at least a portion of the top running surface to a first EDH cycle to obtain an increased hardness greater than 240 BHN, to increase wear and deformation resistance of the running surface, and exposing at least a portion of the bottom support surface to a second EDH cycle to obtain an increased UTS of the section greater than 840 MPa.
  • Fig. 1 shows an exemplary railway crossing 10 such as a high manganese steel railway crossing.
  • Crossing 10 is provided with a body 20 with a top running surface 30 and a bottom support surface 40.
  • the top running surface 30 is the surface that is in contact with the train wheels (not shown)
  • the bottom support surface 40 is the surface of which portions rest on load bearing members such as bearers (not shown).
  • the top running surface 30 may have various elements such as a nose 60 which is exposed to impacts from the train wheels where the wheel changes from one track onto another and "lands" on the nose 60.
  • the wheel contact surface itself will harden over time due to wheel-rail contact known as workhardening, areas like the nose 60 need to be sufficiently hard right at installation to avoid height reduction (due to wheel impact) of the nose 60.
  • the top running surface 30, or at least the relevant sections thereof may be exposed to a first Explosive Device Hardening (EDH) cycle 100 to change the hardness of metal from a first hardness to a second hardness which is greater than the first hardness.
  • the first EDH cycle 100 includes at least a first EDH event 110 that hardens the metal by severe plastic deformation caused by the shock wave.
  • the explosive used may be any suitable kind such as Semtex or a cyclonite, epoxy resin and ethyl diamine composite.
  • the explosive sheet usually has a thickness in the range of 2 - 5 mm. Both the surface hardness and depth of hardening increase with the thickness of the explosive and number of shots given.
  • the body 20 may still have the original first hardness in the range of 180 - 215 BHN whereas the top running surface 30 will have a second hardness greater than 240 BHN, such as up to 270 BHN. In an embodiment the top running surface 30 will have a second hardness of about 255 BHN.
  • the first EDH cycle 100 may include a second EDH event 120.
  • the second EDH event 120 may raise the hardness of the top running surface 30 to a second hardness of >300 BHN. In an embodiment the top running surface 30 will have a second hardness of about 320 BHN.
  • the bottom support surface 40 may have sections 70 which have not been machined after casting.
  • the bottom support surface 40 may be provided with machined sections 80 to provide a precise surface with which the crossing 10 can engage a load bearing member.
  • Transition zones 90 are the areas where a non-machined section 70 and a machined section 80 border.
  • the bottom support surface 40 is or are exposed to a second EDH cycle 200 to increase the Proof Stress (PS) and the Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) of the bottom support surface 40.
  • PS Proof Stress
  • UTS Ultimate Tensile Stress
  • the body 20 may still have the original first UTS in the range of 640 - 690 MPa with a first PS in the range of 295 - 325 MPa whereas the bottom support surface 40 will have a second UTS greater than 840 MPa, in the range up to 880 MPa, with a second PS in the range of 355 - 390 MPa.
  • the bottom support surface 40 has a second UTS of about 860 MPa.
  • the bottom support surface 40 may have a second PS of about 370 MPa.
  • the second EDH cycle 200 may include a second EDH event 220.
  • the second EDH event 220 may raise the second UTS of the bottom support surface 40 to > 1070 MPa with a second PS of >465 MPa.
  • the bottom support surface 40 has a second UTS of about 1100 MPa.
  • the bottom support surface 40 may have a second PS of about 485 MPa.
  • the crossing 10 has a top running surface 30 with a second hardness greater than 240 BHN and a bottom support surface 40 with a second UTS greater than 840 MPa.
  • the crossing 10 further has a body 20 with a first hardness less than 215 BHN and/or a first UTS less than 690 MPa.
  • the load bearing member is designed to support the crossing 10, however, in cases where the load bearing member itself is not sufficiently supported (e.g. after subsidence or sinkage of the undersoil), the load bearing member will not sufficiently support, or may even pull down, the crossing 10 thereby inducing tensile stresses in the bottom support surface 40.
  • the tensile stresses could cause the bottom support surface 40 to fracture leading to the crossing 10 having to be repaired or replaced.
  • Steel crossings, and high manganese steel crossings in particular may be susceptible to fracturing, given that it is difficult to quality check these crossings after casting due to the open structure of the steel.
  • the open structure does not lend itself for quality examination techniques such as ultrasound.
  • Defects such as microfractures or excessive porosity may therefore go undetected which may lead to failures themselves during use, or may form the starting point for more severe fractures when the load bearing member pulls down on the crossing 10. Areas that may be particularly prone to failures, higher stresses and/or defects are the transition zones 90.
  • Exposing at least a portion of the bottom support surface 40 to the second EDH cycle 200 will improve the UTS leading to raised or improved fatigue resistance on the base of the CMX, reducing or delaying risk of cracking under poor support. It will further improve quality inspections of the bottom support surface 40 as defects may be exposed as more readily detectable larger fractures or holes.
  • a method of manufacture such crossing 10 may include the following steps: Casting at least a section of a steel railway crossing 10 having a body 20, a top running surface 30 and a bottom support surface 40 in step 400.
  • Step 410 comprises exposing (at least a portion of) the top running surface 30 to a first EDH cycle 100 to increase wear and deformation resistance of the top running surface 30.
  • the bottom support surface 40 may undergo machining to provide machined sections 80.
  • Step 430 comprises exposing (at least a portion of) the bottom support surface 40 to a second EDH cycle 200 in step 430 to increase the UTS of the bottom support surface 40.
  • Optional step 440 comprises inspecting the quality of the crossing 10.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Croisement ferroviaire en acier moulé ayant un corps avec une surface de circulation supérieure et une surface de support inférieure ;
    ledit corps ayant une première dureté et une première UTS ;
    ladite surface de circulation supérieure ayant été exposée à un premier cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif pour obtenir une seconde dureté supérieure à ladite première dureté ;
    ladite surface de support inférieure ayant été exposée à un second cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif pour obtenir une seconde UTS supérieure à ladite première UTS ;
    dans lequel ladite seconde dureté est supérieure à 240 BHN, et ladite seconde UTS est supérieure à 840 MPa.
  2. Croisement ferroviaire en acier selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite première dureté est inférieure à 215 BHN et ladite première UTS est inférieure à 690 MPa.
  3. Procédé pour fabriquer un croisement ferroviaire comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    mouler au moins une section dudit croisement ferroviaire à partir d'acier, ladite au moins une section ayant une surface de circulation supérieure et une surface de support inférieure ;
    exposer au moins une partie de ladite surface de circulation supérieure à un premier cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif pour obtenir une dureté accrue de ladite surface de circulation supérieure, supérieure à 240 BHN ; et
    exposer au moins une partie de ladite surface de support inférieure à un second cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif pour obtenir une UTS accrue supérieure à 840 MPa.
  4. Procédé pour fabriquer un croisement ferroviaire selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ledit premier cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif comprend plusieurs événements de durcissement par dispositif explosif.
  5. Procédé pour fabriquer un croisement ferroviaire selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit second cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif comprend un seul événement de durcissement par dispositif explosif.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, comprenant en outre l'étape pour usiner des parties de la surface de support inférieure avant le second cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, comprenant en outre l'étape pour inspecter le croisement concernant les défauts exposés grâce au second cycle de durcissement par dispositif explosif.
EP20156496.0A 2019-02-15 2020-02-10 Croisement ferroviaire en acier amélioré Active EP3696285B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1902118.7A GB2581383A (en) 2019-02-15 2019-02-15 Improved steel railway crossing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3696285A1 EP3696285A1 (fr) 2020-08-19
EP3696285B1 true EP3696285B1 (fr) 2021-11-24

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EP (1) EP3696285B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2581383A (fr)

Family Cites Families (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA544446A (fr) * 1957-08-06 A. Macleod Norman Methode de durcir de l'acier de manganese
US2703297A (en) * 1951-03-26 1955-03-01 Kelly L Taulbee Method of hardening manganese steel
GB765305A (en) * 1955-02-03 1957-01-09 Norman Alexander Macleod Method of hardening manganese steel
DE1945309A1 (de) * 1969-09-06 1971-03-11 Kloeckner Werke Ag Gegossenes Herzstueck fuer Weichen
GB2172234B (en) * 1985-03-12 1988-04-07 Zheleznodorozhnogo Transporta Method of explosive hardening a cast portion of acute angle frogs of railroad switches
RU2007478C1 (ru) * 1991-03-19 1994-02-15 Уральское отделение Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта Способ упрочнения литой части железнодорожных крестовин
ES2137807B1 (es) * 1996-04-29 2000-08-16 Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios S L Cruzamiento agudo de punta movil para ferrocarril.
KR100470529B1 (ko) * 2002-03-05 2005-02-07 박장묵 철도 분기부용 망간크로싱 및 그 제조방법
ES2286578T3 (es) * 2004-01-16 2007-12-01 Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios, S.L. Corazon agudo de punta movil para ferrocarril.
CN100999781A (zh) * 2007-01-13 2007-07-18 燕山大学 高锰钢辙叉表面爆炸硬化工艺
AT505822B1 (de) * 2007-10-05 2009-09-15 Vae Eisenbahnsysteme Gmbh Verfahren zum verbinden eines manganhartstahlgussteils mit einer regelschiene
AT505877B1 (de) * 2007-10-05 2010-04-15 Vae Eisenbahnsysteme Gmbh Zwischenstück und verfahren zum verbinden von manganstahlformkörpern mit regelschienen
WO2010023675A1 (fr) * 2008-09-01 2010-03-04 Vae Vkn Industries Pvt. Ltd. Joint de dilatation pour rails
ES2399735B1 (es) * 2010-06-15 2013-11-13 Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios, S.L. Corazon agudo de punta movil para aparatos de via de carril garganta
EP2487293B1 (fr) * 2011-02-08 2014-05-07 Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios, S.l. Croisement aigu à pointe mobile pour chemins de fer
CA2956525A1 (fr) * 2014-09-08 2016-03-17 Bradken Resources Pty Limited Durcissement explosif de patins
FR3038621B1 (fr) * 2015-07-10 2023-04-14 Airbus Defence & Space Sas Procede et dispositif mettant en oeuvre l’utilisation d’explosifs liquides pour le durcissement par explosion de pieces metalliques
CN105400937B (zh) * 2015-12-21 2017-08-25 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 一种辙叉爆炸硬化装置
CN105671432B (zh) * 2016-02-04 2017-09-22 燕山大学 含氮高锰钢高速重载铁路辙叉的爆炸硬化处理方法

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Publication number Publication date
EP3696285A1 (fr) 2020-08-19
GB2581383A (en) 2020-08-19
GB201902118D0 (en) 2019-04-03

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